Operation Course

front loader.
Module 1:
Introduction

Relator: Juan Cortes

 Presentation

Presentation of the speaker

Presentation of the participants
 Objectives
➢ Know the safety recommendations of the regulations already established on the
safe operation of front loaders

➢ Provide the staff with the necessary knowledge to lead a maneuver with the equipment

➢ At the end of the course, participants will be able to mobilize, stack, stow, and load.
download. Without making mistakes that could lead to accidents.
 Responsibilities of the operator

The issue of responsibility in the various aspects of a team's operation is often overlooked.
clear for all parties involved in the operation, until a serious accident occurs, and a
the tribunal must decide whose true responsibility it is.

Due to the complexity of almost all operations of heavy equipment, and also because these
operations can be very different from one job to another, a single group of instructions does not
it can cover all the parameters involved.

What is really important to remember is that it is of vital importance that all the
responsibilities should be explained to each of the individuals involved in the operation, prior to
let it begin.
 Requirements for operation
18.290
Class D: To operate automotive machinery such as tractors, seeders,
harvesters, bulldozer, shovels mechanics, loaders, bulldozers, cranes
motor graders, backhoe loaders, draglines and other similar equipment.
Special License Class D
Be at least 18 years old
2. Knowing how to read and write

3. Recognize knowledge and practice in handling vehicles or machinery

specials in question.
 D.S. Nº132 - Ministry of Mining
Article 42
Only those individuals who are expressly authorized will be able to drive vehicles and motorized machinery, both light and heavy.
management of the task has authorized.

In any case, and when they must drive these vehicles on public or private roads for public use, those persons must
comply with the requirements established by current legislation such as: Law No. 18,290; D.S. No. 170, of January 2, 1986 and the
D.S. No. 97 of September 12, 1984, both from the Ministry of Transport and Telecommunications.
The designated personnel must be properly trained on the operation and driving of the vehicle they are to operate. To this end,
they must meet the following requirements:
• To know how to read and write

• To pass a rigorous psychotechnical exam

• To pass a practical and theoretical driving and operation exam.
• Be instructed and pass an exam on the 'Traffic Regulation' that the mining company must have.
functioning.
Every four years, a rigorous psycho-sensory-technical exam must be established.
inevitable for the drivers renewing their internal license.
For heavy equipment drivers, those who transport personnel, or others who
the companies will determine that the psycho-sensory-technical examination will be annual.
 Article 39
Without prejudice to the maintenance and/or inspections carried out by personal
It is the duty of everyone to verify at the beginning of their workday.
work, the proper functioning of equipment, machinery, and control elements
with which to carry out your work.
Also, he/she will verify the good condition of the structures, fortification, materials and the
order and cleanliness of the workplace.
If the worker observes defects or failures in the equipment and systems before
mentioned anywhere in the task, must report immediately to their
superior, without prejudice to the measures that he may take, according to what he is
authorized.
 Risk prevention
People are the most precious and important capital that all companies have. Therefore, both
the State, employers, and workers are committed to developing a preventive culture in
mining. The safety and health of workers not only affects their performance at work, but also
it also affects the quality of life of the family.
The successful implementation and continuous improvement of any prevention system,
They do not depend only on the efforts of the executives, but also on all the members.
from a multidisciplinary team, in which all workers are included.
The goal is to be proactive and apply prevention in each of the activities.
mining activities that are carried out avoiding personal, material, and environmental damage.
Accident statistics
Most accidents related to operation, the maintenance or the
The repair of the excavator is due to the lack of observation of precautions and rules.
security basics. Often, an accident can be avoided if one recognizes a
situation that can be dangerous before the accident occurs. All personnel must
be alert to the possibility of dangers. It is necessary to have the required training, the
knowledge and the tools to perform these functions correctly.
 WHAT IS RISK?
It is the combination of the probability and the consequence(s) that occurs.
a specific dangerous event.

R=CXP DIFFERENCE BETWEEN DANGER AND RISK

THE DANGERS ARE LOS RIESGOS SE

IDENTIFY. EVALUATE.
 AST/ART
Risk analysis at work
4 stages:
Define the activity to be carried out
Then subdivide the activity into steps.
Identify the risks
Identify the control measures
ART
 Videos

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Video ACHS
SECURITY

Do not operate the machine

if you haven't read it
operation manual and
maintenance,
in addition to having
received the course
corresponding.
SECURITY

Before operating the machine

you must familiarize yourself with the
controls, components and
amendments.
 SECURITY
Maintenance and repair manuals

The location of the maintenance sign is of vital importance.

SECURITY

Always check the height

limit of bridges, cables and
tunnels before passing through
they. Slow down
to transit through these areas.
 security

Personal Security Elements

SECURITY

It must be used
appropriate work clothing
DO NOTWEAR LOOSE CLOTHING
(no ties, no rings, etc.)
can get stuck in the
controls or other parts
from the machine.
SECURITY

Keep a first aid kit and fire extinguisher on hand

fire protection
SECURITY

Upon doing work of

maintenance and inspection
confirm that all the
attachments and equipment
of work are ensured and
with security devices
placed.

This will prevent

serious accidents!
 SECURITY

Do not transport any passenger in the machine

SECURITY

Never operate the machine

in an area without ventilation
SECURITY

Before
start to
excavate consult
about the
services
subterranean
(water, light, gas, etc)

This will prevent

accidents!
SECURITY

Review the work area

to determine
obstacles and dangers
(stones, weeds, etc).
 SECURITY

The use of a seatbelt is mandatory

SAFETY

The spectators
they must be far from
operating radio of the
machine and in view of the
worker in everything
moment
 SECURITY

Always when getting on or off the machine

use the appropriate accesses
 security
The correct method to get on or off the machine is using three points.
Two hands and one foot or two feet and one hand
 SECURITY

Always touch the machine before starting it.

horn and check that there is no one in danger zones.
 SECURITY

When performing maintenance tasks, place the

machine in a level place and with the
security devices
 SECURITY

Never operate a machine that is in poor condition or deteriorated.

 SECURITY

Maintenance starts with cleaning

The reflection of an operator is the state of their machine.
SECURITY

The cleaning of all the

components allow
that they work
efficiently inside
of the temperatures and
allowed ranges
SECURITY

When storing items

flammables place them
out of the reach of
potential risks
SECURITY

NEVER SMOKE AT
REFUEL OIL

This would produce

serious accidents
SECURITY

NEVER SMOKE NEAR

THE BATTERIES ARE
They could explode

Batteries generate
a flammable gas
Batteries can cause
serious accidents to:

The skin Battery fluid

The eyes Liquids and gases

Intoxication Gases

The battery liquid has

sulfuric acid is an element
toxic and corrosive.
SECURITY

Do not use any

metal element, cable
or key to verify the
battery status
this will produce a bow
electric causing
burns
SECURITY
When the engine (hot)
it's working
NEVER REMOVE THE COVER
OF THE REFRIGERANT OF
MOTOR

Do not use gloves or rags

the lid must be able to be
withdrawal by hand
naked (limit of
temperature
SECURITY

The vapor produced by the refrigerant

the engine produces burns
very serious in the eyes and on the skin

The engine coolant does not

Can drink is an element
toxic.
 SECURITY
Personal Security Elements
 SECURITY
Check the work area well to properly establish the location of high voltage cables. No
Do not touch or come near these cables.

This will prevent

accidents!
SECURITY

One must pay special attention

be careful with the surfaces
hot.

One must be very careful

care to avoid
burns
SECURITY

The moving parts of the

machines are a risk
potential, the helices of
fan are covered
by a protective mesh.
Do not insert your hand or
objetos cerca de los
rotating components, this
would produce serious
accidents!
 SECURITY

When you have a suspicion of a leak in any of the fluids and/or gases NEVER
use your hand to investigate leaks, always investigate indirectly with
a table will prevent accidents
 SECURITY

When washing with high-pressure water, precautions must be taken.

to prevent accidents
 What is a Front Loader?
It is a tractor unit that has a bucket at its front end, specifically used in the
building construction, mining, roads, highways, tunnels, hydraulic dams for loading trucks
with materials (stone, sand, earth, and others.
These are designed with a chassis and with tires, the latter being the most common; they are used
also for transporting materials over short distances. When equipped with wheels, their frame is
articulated, and it is fixed, when designed with a chassis. The loader with tires has traction.
on the four wheels and is known by the brand Payloader.
This machine belongs to the family of earth-moving equipment for applications of
Excavation, Loading, Loading and Hauling, and movement of materials. Its maximum hauling distance should not
exceed 150 meters
 Loading machines
Loading machines are intended for the mechanization of the loading process.
of the means of transportation.
Loading machines serve two basic functions:
1.- take or pick up the material
2.- transfer the material to the next medium for transport, lifting the material
up to the height
required

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 Classification
Loading machines are classified according to the following aspects:
• By the way of taking the material; from above, from the sides, from below.
• By the type of mechanism that takes the material: shovel, rake, roller with paddles, rotary arms.
• By the way of transfer of the material; Direct, staggered.

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77
 Classification of loading equipment
Minimum hauling:
This type of equipment includes front loaders and LHD (load haul dump). The front loaders
they offer an alternative to the use of electric or hydraulic shovels. They present great advantages, such
as its mobility and the ability to handle large volumes of material (the largest
exceed 40 yards). The loaders allow for greater flexibility in production as they can
to move relatively easily and quickly from one work front to another. They are used in medium
and large-scale mining, both for industrial and metallic minerals.

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Front loader

79
 History
Making a bit of history, the first Front Loader appeared in the U.S. in 1939.
it consisted of a medas tractor with a scoop (shovel) at the front
cable-operated. In the 1940s, numerous were introduced
modifications such as the placement of the engine in the rear to improve the
traction and stability, support arms of the bucket on both sides of the equipment,
hydraulic actuation of the lamp and four-wheel drive, subsequently in
In the 1950s, the servo system was introduced into the transmission system.
transmission and in the sixties the articulated design

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81
As can be seen from the diagram, these devices due to their great
versatility and maneuverability have gained great popularity, both in works
civilians and in open-pit mining, reaching its maximum incursion in the decade of the
seventies with the emergence of 125 Tn transport units. In the
In the 80s, there was a stagnation in the growth of loaders due to the
strong penetration in the hydraulic excavator market, both in the
earthworks and open-pit mining.

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LOADERS ON RIGID FRAME TIRES
In 1939, Frank G. Hough, an engineer from Chicago, built the first loader that was
self-loading, with simple traction and rubber tires, called Hough model HS. This machine
it had a bucket with a capacity of 1/3 cubic yard (0.23 m3). The bucket was released by
gravity using a safety mechanism. Others manufacturers began to produce
loaders integrating dual traction. Although these machines were integrated, their rigid
the backstage limited the possibilities to maneuver, resulting in the need to turn in
large circles, being unable to operate in small places. Several of the early models
The chargers had rigid frames. For example, the first three prototypes developed.
Caterpillar had rigid frames. Other manufacturers like Euclid/Terex entered the market.
of the front loaders in 1957, relatively later, but also with a loader of
rigid frames known as L-7.

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 LOADERS ON ARTICULATED TIRES
Perhaps one of the most significant moments in the evolution of front loaders was the
introduction of the articulated frame. In 1953, in Portland, Oregon, Mixermobile Manufacturers started
this technology with the launch of the Scoopmobile Model LD-5; a four-wheeled front loader
implementing an articulated frame. The company started in the front loader market
In 1939, with a model A loader of 3/4 cubic yards (0.6). It had a single rear wheel that
it drove with a front wheel on two large tires.

In 1944, the company introduced the Model C front loader, which had a long production run.
until 1966. This high-reach model with a special arrangement in which the scoop was pulled towards
up the vertical caterpillar to a height of 24 feet (7.3 m), allowing the user to load
large containers and silos.

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When the company launched the Scoopmobile Model LD-5 in 1953, the industry was slow to embrace it.
idea of an articulated front loader. However, the advent of articulated loaders
allowed greater maneuverability by reducing the time cycles. Eventually, the concept was embraced by
more manufacturers. In the mid-1960s, a number of major American companies
equipment manufacturers like Caterpillar, International Hough, Allis-Chalmers, and Trojan began to
introduce models in its lines articulated. Nowadays, models of front loaders with
articulated frames are the industry standard and even the most compact loaders are
built in this way

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 Hydraulics
After World War II, a number of manufacturers competed in the production of chargers.
frontals that incorporated the use of hydraulic technology. While the use of hydraulic technology in machines for
the earth movement had been used before the war, the result on numerous occasions had been crude and
rudimentary. However, in the 1950s, a rapid refinement of this technology led to the proliferation of
manufacturers of machines for earthmoving that used hydraulic systems that by the end of the
In the last decade, cable-operated chargers have become completely obsolete.

Hough had been using hydraulic technology in his designs of

front loaders time back reversing until the launch in 1941
of the front loader model HL. This loader marked a significant turn for the
development of the front loaders because it was built with the first
hydraulically operated lifting arm. In 1944, Hough began manufacturing
a loader with the first hydraulically operated tilt bucket.
This change gave the machine the ability to control the discharge and the
the operator could approach the bank at low speed and take a ladle
full by tilting it backwards while loading. In 1947, Hough again
the development of the front loader would advance with the introduction of the HM Model,
being the first hydraulic front loader with dual traction in the world
known as the HM Model. This model is still considered the
predecessor of the modern front loader.

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 Mixermobile Manufacturing can be credited with having introduced the first
front loader with hydraulic motor, when it developed the loader in 1952
front loader Model H and in 1957 the front loader Model HP. These loaders
They had a centered ladle with arms.
Founded by Van Doubes, Tractomotive Corp. was another company that introduced the
hydraulic front loader in the United States market. This involved the
ensuring the mechanism of a hydraulic wheel using hydraulic energy
for the ladle loading. This development virtually transformed the loader.
front of a handling machine in an excavation machine.

Ladle Pivot Arm

Due to the increase in size of front loaders in the 1950s, concern for safety
increased, particularly in the positioning of the bucket with pivot arm loaders. Positioned behind
from the operator, the movement of the loader's arms was in close proximity to the operator. This raised
problems. First, the movement of the arms posed the possibility of an accident at any moment
It could happen. Second, the moving parts of the machine limited the operator's visibility to see sideways.
particularly when these parts were inclined. By the late 1950s, a number of
American manufacturers of front loaders have been working in collaboration with the Security Council
National for the replacement of the pivot arm so that it is in front instead of behind. Hough was one of the
first manufacturers that produced a new and safer design with the introduction of the front loader Model HO.
Other manufacturers quickly followed suit and adopted this model with a front pivot like Caterpillar in
1958, Case in 1959, Allis-Chalmers in 1961, and Michigan in 1962.

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Over the years, the industry has continued to surpass barriers in terms of payload capacity.
In the 1970s, a number of front loaders were showcased at CONEXPO in 1975 with a growth in the
payload capacity never before seen in the industry. Among these loaders is Hough's 21-yard
cubic (16- m3) 580 Payloader and the enormous Clark-Michigan 675 with a capacity of 24 cubic yards (18.3-
m3).

In 1986, the payload capacity record was surpassed by Kawasaki Heavy Industries Ltd., when
They created the largest front loader in the world with a capacity of 25 cubic yards (19 m3) for Japan.
Surface Mining Equipment and for Coal Technology Research Association.. Eventually, other manufacturers
including Caterpillar, Komatsu, and LeTourneau set out to make loaders with the ability to
20 cubic yards (15.3 m3).

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 THE LEGACY OF LETOURNEAU
LeTourneau is a manufacturer that has a reputation for breaking records in heavy equipment construction. This company developed and still
produces the largest front loader in the world known as the L-2350. This loader is primarily used in mining.
surface and has 2300 horsepower, with a rock bucket with a capacity of 53 cubic yards (40.5-m3) of 80 tons and a
splendid force of 266,000 pounds. From the height, up to the top of the cabin and the bucket fully raised measures 43 feet with nine
inches (13.23 m). The machine was designed to load between 300 and 400 tons for mining trucks in four to five loads.
LeTourneau front loaders use diesel-electric traction with DC electric motors on each wheel, a concept developed
by LeTourneau. In the 1960s, the company began to produce enormous electric loaders with power for the cable and the
tilt of the spoons transmitted by the traction of the pinion and the rack. At first, these enormous engines were not
commercially successful because the advantage of articulated direction was diminished by the industrial strength of the loader. As a result, to
very few were produced. One of these models was the SL-40 Model, known by the nickname Monster and measuring 52 feet of
length (16 m).

Currently, the line of LeTourneau front loaders derives from

the L-700 series of electronic management models introduced by
first time in 1968. The L-700 was the predecessor of a series of
successful chargers produced in large quantities to date in
día. Las maquinas han cambiado de los motores piñón y cremallera
but they have retained the MACHINE
electric drive wheels. Although front loaders of
engine of pinion and rack were not sold in large quantities
amounts, these machines have proven that they work hard and that the
The life cycle is more than 20 years.

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 Classification of front loaders
FOR THE WAY TO CARRY OUT THE MATERIAL DOWNLOAD:
FRONTAL DOWNLOAD

Front discharge loaders are the most common of all.

They turn the ladle towards the front of the machine, operating it with jacks.
hydraulic.
Su trabajo se basa en desplazamientos cortos y repetidos, como en las excavaciones a cielo
open, manipulation of soft fractured materials, in sandbanks, gravel, clay or fillings
ditches and in feeding crushing plants.

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 SIDE DOWNLOAD
The side discharge ones have an additional hydraulic cylinder that operates the bucket by tilting it towards one of the
sides of the charger. This advantage allows the charger not to need to make so many movements to position itself in
position to load the vehicle that is desired. Its use is only justified under special conditions where there are not many
spaces for maneuvers.

[Link] Side download

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 LATER DOWNLOAD
In these machines, the loaded bucket passes over the operator's head and dumps backward onto the hopper.
from the truck, conveyor belts, etc.
These machines are dangerous because the arms of the loaded bucket pass very close to the operator, so
which are designed with a special protective cabin but reduce visibility and are inefficient.

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FOR THE TYPE OF ROLLING STOCK:
1. WHEEL LOADER
The rubber-tired front loaders are excavation, loading, and hauling equipment that
They have a ladle that fits at the front of the machine, as shown in the
illustration.
These machines are equipped with mechanical and hydraulic systems such as engines, transmission,
pumps, converter, shafts, differentials and suitable planetary reductions for excavating, loading and
transport materials.

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 CATERPILLAR MOUNTED FRONT LOADER
These machines consist of a crawler tractor and a bucket that is operated hydraulically and
it performs the same functions as the Tire Loader.
They are machines used for heavy work and operate efficiently in clayey and sharp gravel terrains, but they do not
They must be used on paved areas.
Its operation is governed by the same principle as tire loaders.

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 Brands of front loaders
Caterpillar
Volvo
Letorneau
Komatsu
Liebherr
CASE
John Deere
Photon
Liulong
Michigan
See you in the other module