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Understanding the Visual Cortex Structure

The visual cortex is divided into the primary visual cortex (area 17) and secondary visual areas (areas 18 and 19), with the primary cortex processing direct visual signals from the eyes and the secondary areas analyzing visual meanings. The primary visual cortex has a laminar structure with six layers, where geniculocalcarine fibers terminate, and is crucial for binocular vision; lesions in this area can lead to complete blindness. The secondary visual areas are involved in more complex visual processing, and damage to these areas can result in conditions like prosopagnosia and difficulties in understanding visual symbols.

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15 views4 pages

Understanding the Visual Cortex Structure

The visual cortex is divided into the primary visual cortex (area 17) and secondary visual areas (areas 18 and 19), with the primary cortex processing direct visual signals from the eyes and the secondary areas analyzing visual meanings. The primary visual cortex has a laminar structure with six layers, where geniculocalcarine fibers terminate, and is crucial for binocular vision; lesions in this area can lead to complete blindness. The secondary visual areas are involved in more complex visual processing, and damage to these areas can result in conditions like prosopagnosia and difficulties in understanding visual symbols.

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VISUAL CORTEX

It is divided into:

Primary visual cortex (visual area I or cortex)


visual area I): It is located in the area of the calcarine fissure,
from the occipital pole towards the medial face of each cortex
occipital. Terminal station of visual signals
directly coming from the eyes.

Secondary visual areas (association visual areas):


They occupy lateral, anterior, superior, and inferior areas.
from the primary visual cortex. They receive impulses
secondary in order to analyze visual meanings.

LAMINAR STRUCTURE OF THE VISUAL CORTEX


PRIMARY

It has 6 layers; the geniculocalcarine fibers end in


Layer IV, but this layer is composed in turn of
various subdivisions.
Vertical neural columns; once the signals
optics reach layer IV, suffer a new
transformation when propagating outward and inward
along each vertical column unit.
Color spots; these areas receive lateral signals
from the adjacent visual columns and are activated by
specific form by color stimuli.
◦ ROUTES FOR INFORMATION ANALYSIS
VISUAL

Fast track of position and movement; examines the


three-dimensional position occupied by visual objects in
the space
that surrounds the organism, explores the overall physical form of
the visual scene and the movement that occurs in it
breast.

◦ Primary visual cortex → middle temporal area


posterior -> occipital-parietal cortex

Color accuracy pathway; helps in identification of


the letters, reading, determination of the texture of the
objects, detailed colors and deciphering what it is and what
it means an object from this information.
◦ NEURAL STIMULATION PATTERNS
DURING THE ANALYSIS OF A VISUAL IMAGE

Simple cells (orientation of lines and edges)

Complex cells (linear orientation when a line is


move laterally or vertically along the field
visual).

Primary Visual Cortex, area 17 corresponds to the sulcus


calcarine in the occipital lobe. The main function of
these areas is to merge the information that comes from
both eyes (binocular vision) and analyze the information. The
lesion of area 17 causes complete blindness. Cortex
Visual Secondary or Psychovisual Area, 18 and 19. It is located
in the occipital lobe. - Its function is to evoke
realistic visual hallucinations. The lesion of the angular gyrus
the dominant hemisphere produces in the individual the
inability to understand symbols and express oneself
through them Area 20, 21 and 37 convolution
Primary Visual Cortex, area 17 corresponds to the sulcus
calcarine in the occipital lobe. The main function of
these areas is to merge the information that comes from
both eyes (binocular vision) and analyze the information. The
Lesion of area 17 causes complete blindness. Cortex
Visual Secondary or Psychovisual Area, 18 and 19. It is located
in the lobe

Primary Visual Cortex, area 17 corresponds to the sulcus


calcarine in the occipital lobe The main function of
these areas is to merge the information that comes from
both eyes (binocular vision) and analyze the information. The
lesion of area 17 causes complete blindness.
Secondary Visual Cortex or Psychovisual Area, 18 and 19.
located in the occipital lobe. - Its function is to evoke.
realistic visual hallucinations. The lesion of the angular gyrus
the dominant hemisphere produces in the individual the
inability to understand symbols and express oneself
through them
corteza visual
The visual cortex corresponds to the area of the brain where
the fibers coming from the geniculate nucleus converge
lateral and other areas that help in the recognition of that
information, the first corresponds to area number 17 or
primary visual cortex (striate) while the second to
the ugly 18 and 19 or upper cortices (extra-striated).

The primary visual cortex is located in the occipital pole of the


brain occupying the upper and lower lips at the fissure
calcarine on its medial part, in turn delimited by the
parieto-occipital fissure and is supplied by the artery
calcarine (branch of the posterior cerebral).

Primary visual cortex (area 17)


It corresponds to the calcarine gyrus in the cortex. In this area there are
numerous straight line detecting neurons with some
orientation in space and has a histological organization
very similar to the retina or sensory membrane of the eye.
It receives the optical radiation from the lateral geniculate nucleus of the
thalamus and the main function of these areas is to merge the
information coming from both eyes (binocular vision) and
analyze the information regarding the orientation of the
stimuli in the visual field
The injury of area 17 causes complete blindness of a region.
of the visual field whose extent will depend on the size of the
damaged area: Homonymous Hemianopsia, when it occurs
loss of vision in the contralateral half of the visual field and
quadrantanopsia, when there is a loss of only 1/4 of the
field of vision.
Its stimulation causes visual hallucinations in the form of
brilliant flashes.
In the following figure, the number 15 represents the visual cortex.
primary

Secondary visual cortex or Psychovisual Area (18 and 19)


It corresponds to areas 18 and 19, and there are also other areas of
association like the angular gyrus, cortex of the temporal lobe (20
and 21), which analyze more complex aspects of the information.
Just like the Primary Visual Cortex is organized at the level
retinotopic and its stimulation evokes visual hallucinations
realists.
Their damages produce varied effects and include from
inability to recognize familiar faces (prosopagnosia)
until the loss of color in certain parts of the field of
vision. The lesion of the angular gyrus of the dominant hemisphere
produces in the individual the inability to understand the
symbols and expressing oneself through them. This area is
fundamental for the understanding of a visual image.
Hubel and Wiesel discovered that the neurons in the cortex
visuals did not simply respond to points of light, but
they also selectively responded to the characteristics
specific to the environment, to verify this, we can rely on
two types of indicators that help us to
calculate the distance and the depth: - binocular indicators.
Monocular indicators.
In the following figure, the number 14 represents the visual cortex.
of association:

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