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Op-Amp Applications and Circuit Designs

The document discusses various applications of operational amplifiers (Op-Amps), including AC-coupled inverting and non-inverting amplifiers, instrumentation amplifiers, and circuits like summing, scaling, averaging, integrators, and differentiators. It highlights the importance of coupling capacitors, gain calculations, and techniques like guard driving to minimize interference and improve performance. Additionally, it provides insights into practical circuit designs for integrators and differentiators.

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3 views15 pages

Op-Amp Applications and Circuit Designs

The document discusses various applications of operational amplifiers (Op-Amps), including AC-coupled inverting and non-inverting amplifiers, instrumentation amplifiers, and circuits like summing, scaling, averaging, integrators, and differentiators. It highlights the importance of coupling capacitors, gain calculations, and techniques like guard driving to minimize interference and improve performance. Additionally, it provides insights into practical circuit designs for integrators and differentiators.

Uploaded by

hanumantgeneralinsurance
Copyright
© All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd

Unit-3

Op-Amp Application
AC-coupled Inverting Amplifier
• In some applications, you do not need a response that extends down to zero
frequency because only ac signals drive the input. Figure shows an ac-coupled
amplifier and its equations. The voltage gain is shown.
• The input coupling capacitor C1 and the input resistor R1 produce one of the
lower cutoff frequencies fc1.
• Similarly, the output coupling capacitor C2 and the load resistance RL produce
the cutoff frequency fc2. If funity is 1 MHz, find Av , f2, fC1, fC2

π
AC-coupled Non-inverting Amplifier
• Advantages include stable voltage gain, high input impedance, and low output
impedance.
• Fig. shows an ac-coupled noninverting amplifier and its analysis equations. C1
and C2 are coupling capacitors. C3 is a bypass capacitor. Using a bypass
capacitor has the advantage of minimizing the output offset voltage.
• If funity is 15 MHz, find out find Av, f2, fC1, fC2, fC3
Instrumentation Amplifier
• An instrumentation
amplifier is a two stage
differential amplifier
optimized for its dc
performance. Preamplifier
stage followed by
differential amplifier. An
instrumentation amplifier
has a large voltage gain, a
high CMRR, low input
offsets, low temperature
drift, and high input
impedance.

Total Gain Av = - (1+R2/R1)


Guard Driving
• Because the differential signal out of a bridge is small, a shielded
cable is often used to isolate the signal-carrying wires from
electromagnetic interference. But this creates a problem. Any leakage
current between the inner wires and the shield will add to the low
input bias and offset currents.
• Besides the leakage current, the shielded cable adds capacitance to
the circuit, which slows down the response of the circuit to a change
in transducer resistance.
• To minimize the effects of leakage current and cable capacitance, the
shield should be bootstrapped to the common-mode potential. This
technique is known as Guard driving.
Guard Driving with AD620
Summing, Scaling, Averaging Amplifier

1) Summing amplifier
2) Scaling amplifier
3) Averaging amplifier
Voltage Adder

Vo = Va + Vb + Vc
Voltage Subtractor
The Integrator
 A circuit in which output voltage waveform is the integral of the input
voltage waveform is called Integrator or Integration amplifier.
 It is constructed from basic inverting amplifier if feedback resistor RF is
replaced by capacitor CF.

 Output voltage waveform is directly proportional to negative integral of the


input voltage and inversely proportional to the time constant R1CF.
The Integrator
Input Input

Output Output
The Integrator
Practical Integrator Circuit
The Differentiator
 A circuit in which output voltage waveform is the derivative of the input
voltage waveform is called Differentiator or Differential amplifier.
 It is constructed from basic inverting amplifier if input resistor R1 is replaced
by capacitor C1.

 Output voltage is equal to RFC1 times the negative instantaneous rate of


change of input voltage with time.
The Differentiator
Input Input

Output Output
The Differentiator
Practical Differentiator Circuit

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