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2 nd prep 1st term

Objective questions Unit One, Lesson (1)
1- Write Scientific term
1-Everything that has mass and occupies space (…………………….)
2-Materials that have the ability to flow and take the shape of their containing
container (…………………….)
3-The ability of fluids to flow easily (…………………….)
4-The possibility of reducing the volume of gases when the pressure exerted on
them increases (…………………….)
5-The movement of particles of matter from an area of high concentration to an
area of low concentration (…………………….)
6-The random movement in all directions of relatively large molecules suspended
in a fluid as a result of their continuous collision with the fluid particles
(…………………….)
7-The fourth state of matter (…………………….)
8-The state in which gases are a mixture of positively charged ions and negatively
charged free electrons (…………………….)
2-Complete the following sentences with appropriate words
1-……….Materials can flow and be compressed, while ……….materials can flow and
are incompressible
2-Diffusion through……… is very fast, while diffusion through……. the medium is
very slow
3-The speed of diffusion of the particles of matter depends on……….. the medium and
…………..particles
4-The theory…………. succeeded in explaining much of the behavior of matter
5-The particles of a one material is…… But they …… from one material to another
6-The particles of matter have …………energy. Due to their constant movement, they
have energy. Due to the forces of attraction
7-The distances between iron molecules are …………., while the distances between
hydrogen molecules are………….,
8- The attractive forces between particles are greatest in materials………….,
and almost non-existent in…………., materials
9- The …………..scientist discovered the random movement of particles suspended in
fluids, which is known as…………..
10-Brownian motion occurs as a result of collisions between………..and………
11-When gases pass through a high electric field, their atoms turn into……..
12-Most of the matter in outer space exists in a …….state of……. as in
13-In air conditioning systems, charged gas ions act on……….. harmful air pollutant
molecules which makes the air………..

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3-Correct the underlined words

1-The flow of liquids varies according to their density
2-When flow occurs, the volume of the gas does not change, while the volume of
the solid change
3- Liquids do not have a definite shape or volume
4-Solids have the ability to flow but not the ability to be compressed
5-The speed of diffusion through solids is equal to the speed of diffusion through gases
6-The spacing between the particles of liquids is equal to the spacing between
the particles of gases
7-Particles suspended in solids move randomly, known as Brownian motion
4-Put (√ ) and (X) and correct the wrong
1-The mass of matter is a variable quantity from one place to another ( )
2-Solids and liquids are called fluids ( )
3-The shape of a fluid changes depending on the shape of the path it moves in ( )
4-The ability of fluids to flow increases with increasing viscosity
5-The speed of diffusion increases with increasing temperature of the diffusion
medium ( )
6-The speed of diffusion of H2 gas differs from the speed of diffusion of O2 gas( )
7-The particles of a single substance are different from each other( )
8-The spacing between the particles of a substance varies depending on its
physical state ( )
9-The particles of a substance are in a state of constant motion ( ) ( )
10-The forces of attraction between the particles of solids are almost nonexistent
11-The forces of attraction between water molecules are weak, while between air
molecules they are minimal ( )
12-The movement of particles in gaseous materials is limited ( )
13-Environmental distances in the case of liquids are considered intermediate
between solids and gases ( )
14-The materials that make up the sun and stars are found in the gaseous state ( )
[Link] the correct answer:
1-Each of the following is a substance, except

2-Which of the following substances are flow-able

a. Wood and oil b. Wood and iron c. Water and oxygen d. Iron and air

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3- Which of the following materials are considered fluids
a. Ice and liquid water b. Iron and water vapor
c. Oil and iron d. Water vapor and liquid water
4-Which of the following has a definite shape
a. Air b. Oil c. Ice d. Water
5-The opposite figure shows a long balloon inflated with air,
shaped like a dog
Which of the following can be concluded about air
a. It has no mass b. It has a definite volume
c. It has no definite shape d. It does not occupy space
6-A solid is characterized by
a. It has no fixed volume or shape
b. It has a fixed volume and shape
c. it has a fixed shape and a non-fixed volume
d. It has a fixed volume and a non-fixed shape
7- From the flow chart opposite
What do (A), (B), (C) express
Does it have yes Choice )A( ) B( ) C(
Matter Definite shape (A)
a Sand Air Honey
No b Oil Sand Ice
Does it have c Sand Honey Air
yes (B)
Definite shape d Ice Air Oil

No
(C)
(8) The common property between solids and liquids is that both of them
a. Fixed size volume b. flow-able c. Fixed shape d. Compressible
9-Both water and air have their own
a. Mass b. Specific shape c. specific volume c. The same particles
10-Compression of matter means
a. Transform it from one state to another b. changes in mass
c. reduce its volume d. Change in the volume of its particles
(11) In the opposite figure
Which of the following represents both (X) and (Y)
a. (X) Air (X) Water b. (X) Water (X) Air
c. (X) Sand (X) Water d. (X) Air (X) Air

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12-In the opposite figure

When the piston is pressed, the volume of the
substance (X) does not change Which of the
.following represents the substance (X)
a. A liquid substance, because it does not have a definite volume
b. A liquid substance, because it has a definite volume
c. A gaseous substance, because it cannot be compressed
d. A gaseous substance, because it can be compressed
13-In the opposite figure The piston does not
move when pressed Because the sand
a. has an indefinite shape b. is non-flow-able
c. has an indefinite volume d. is incompressible
14-The movement of particles of a substance at great speed from an area of high
concentration to another area of lower concentration represents the process
a. Liquid melting b. Solid melting
c. Diffusion of a substance in a liquid d. Diffusion of a substance in a gas
15-Particles of matter cannot be seen with the naked eye because they are
a. Very small b. Vibrate c. Move freely d. Move randomly
16-Why does water flow from a full cup to the brim when ice cubes are
added to it Because
a. Ice has a definite volume b. Ice has an indefinite shape
c. Water has an indefinite volume d. Water exists in different states
(17) All of the following are true regarding the particle theory of matter, except
a. The particles of solid matter are subject to a force of attraction between them
b. The particles of gases move randomly in straight lines
c. The particles of liquid matter have spaces between them
d. The particles of any material that can be seen with the naked eye
18-It is difficult to bend an iron rod because
a. Its compressibility b. Its ability to flow
c. The lack of spaces between its molecules
d. The intensity of the attractive forces between its molecules
19- What happens to a piece of material when the spaces between the molecular
structures of its particles increase
a. Only its volume changes b. Only its shape changes
c. Both its volume and shape change d. Neither its size nor shape changes
20- Liquid materials are characterized by the following properties, except
[Link] molecules move in Brownian motion

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b. The molecules diffuse through it at an average speed
c. It takes the shape of its container. d. compressibility
21-Gases diffuse throughout the available space because they are compressible
a. The forces of attraction between their molecules are very strong
b. The forces of attraction between their molecules are almost non-existent
c. The distances between their molecules are relatively large
d. The distances between their molecules are as smallest
22-The distances between them are as large as possible between molecules
a. Iron b. oxygen c. water d. oil
23-The movement of gas molecules is
a. circular b. vibrational c. random d. wavelike
24-When comparing water molecules to oxygen molecules, water molecules are
a. slower and further from each other b. faster and closer together than each other
c. slower and closer together than each other d. faster and further from each other
25-Which of the following represents the correct arrangement of substances,
according to the forces of attraction between their particles
a. Oil < oxygen) < wood b. Wood < oxygen< oil
c. Oxygen < wood< oil d. Oxygen < oil < wood
26-Which of the following is true
Choice Its volume is fixed The attraction forces The movement of its
and its shape is not between its molecules are molecules are completely
fixed very large free
a Carbon dioxide Oxygen Oil
b Aluminum Alcohol Water vapour
c Oil Iron Alcohol
d Alcohol Ice Oxygen
27-From the opposite figure: What is the reason for
the movement of a pollen grain suspended in still
water in this way
a. It is a self-moving living cell
b. It is affected by successive collisions with water molecules
c. The density of its matter is greater than the density of water
d. The density of its matter is less than the density of water
[Link] the odd word (or phrase) from the following,
1-Oil / Alcohol / Water / Carbon dioxide
2-Oxygen / Hydrogen / Ammonia / Wood
3-Flowable / Compressible / Slow to diffuse / No definite shape
4- Has a fixed volume / Flowable / Incompressible / Has a fixed shape
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5-Its particles move in a vibratory motion / The forces of attraction between its
particles are as great as possible / The distances between its particles are as small
as possible / Non-diffusionable

Essay Questions
1-What is meant by each of
1-Matter 2-Fluid
3-Flow 5-Compressibility
5-Diffusion 6-Brownian motion
7- Plasma state
2-Give reasons for the following
1- Naming liquids and gases as fluids
……………………………………………………………………………….
2- The difference between the flow rate of honey and the flow rate of water
……………………………………………………………………………….
3- Solids have a definite shape and volume
……………………………………………………………………………….
4- Liquids have an indefinite shape and a definite volume
……………………………………………………………………………….
5-Gaseous substances have neither a definite shape nor a definite volume
……………………………………………………………………………….
6-The ability of gaseous substances to compressibility
……………………………………………………………………………….
7-The spread of perfume in the room when the perfume bottle is left open
……………………………………………………………………………….
8-Water gradually turns purple when a potassium permanganate crystal is placed
in it
……………………………………………………………………………….
9-Gases have a great ability to diffuse
……………………………………………………………………………….
10-A solid retains its shape regardless of the shape of its container, while a liquid
takes the shape of its container
……………………………………………………………………………….
11-It is easy to divide a quantity of water into small parts
……………………………………………………………………………….
12-It is difficult to break a piece of rock
……………………………………………………………………………….

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13-The solubility of table salt in water
……………………………………………………………………………….
14-The diffusion of a candle in air
……………………………………………………………………………….
3-What do you notice when
1- Pressing the plunger of a closed syringe with a quantity of air
……………………………………………………………………………….
2-Pressing a closed empty plastic bottle
……………………………………………………………………………….
3-Adding a few crystals of potassium permanganate to a beaker containing a
quantity of water
……………………………………………………………………………….
3-Opening a bottle of ammonia in a corner of a room
……………………………………………………………………………….
5-Stirring a spoonful of sugar into a cup of water
……………………………………………………………………………….
6-Extreme heating of gases in research laboratories
……………………………………………………………………………….
4-Compare each of
1-Solid, liquid, and gaseous substances in terms of: flowability, compressibility,
and diffusibility
2-Iron, oil, and oxygen in terms of: change in shape when the container is
changed, change in volume when compressed
3-Ice, water, and water vapor in terms of: particle movement, distances between
them, and forces of attraction between particles

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Objective questions Unit One, Lesson (2)
1- Write Scientific term
(1) The temperature at which a substance changes from the solid to the liquid state.
(………………….)
(2) The point at which the temperature of a substance is constant during its change
from the solid to the liquid state. (………………….)
(3) The temperature at which a substance changes from the liquid to the gaseous state
at a specific point (………………….)
(4) The temperature at which all the particles of a liquid overcome the forces of attraction
between them and turn into particles of a gas. (……………..)
(5) Atmospheric air pressure at sea level. (……………..)
(6) The process of a substance changing from the solid state directly to the gaseous
state without passing through the liquid state. (……………..)
(7) The process of a substance changing from the gaseous state to the solid state
directly without passing through the liquid state.
(8) Solid carbon dioxide. (……………..)
2)Complete the following sentences with the appropriate word:
(1) At normal atmospheric pressure, the melting point of ice is........... °C
While the boiling point of water is…………..°C
(2) The temperature at which ice begins to change into water is called.............
While the temperature at which water begins to change into water vapor In all its parts
is called...
(3) At the melting point,……….... weakens between the particles of a substance,
so……………. Increases between them.
(4) Among the factors affecting the melting and boiling points of substances
are............and …………
(5) When atmospheric pressure decreases, the boiling point of liquids………. and their
freezing point………………
(6) When 342 g of glucose is dissolved in 1L of water, the boiling and freezing points of
the solution become................ , ………………respectively.
(7) At the melting point, the substance is in both states……………. , ……………. At
the same temperature
(8) The loss of thermal energy accompanies to………… and………… processes during
the transformations of matter.
(9) The gain of thermal energy accompanies to ……… and……… processes during the
transformations of matter.
(10) The process of evaporation is the opposite of the process of …...... while the process
of sublimation is the opposite of the............. process.
(11) The loss of thermal energy by water vapor molecules in the air leads to its
condensation in the form of ……….. or fog or ………....
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(12) The process of ……….. occurs only on the surface of the liquid, while ...........
occurs in all parts of the liquid.
(13) At the boiling point the molecules of ……………matter overcome The forces of
.............. between the molecules.
14)Evaporation process takes …………period of time , while boiling process takes
…………………period of time
15) The rate of evaporation increase by increasing…………. And decreasing ………..
During the transformations of matter.
(16) Regular coffee ………in water, while instant coffee …….. dissolves in water.
3)Complete the following chart:

... (1)..... thermal energy

……)2(… Melting
Water vapor ........(3)........ Ice
Condensation ……)4(…
... (5)..... thermal energy
4) (√)or (X) and correct the wrong :
(1) Pure water boils at 0°C at normal atmospheric pressure. ( )
(2) When water boils, the forces of attraction between the particles increase and the
physical distances between them decrease. ( )
(3) The state of a substance changes from one state to another by gaining heat energy.
( )
(4) During the processes of melting and boiling, the temperature remains constant. ( )
(5) The melting point of wax is equal to the melting point of table salt. ( )
(6) The temperature decreases by about 1°C for every 10m we go up. ( )
(7) Cooking time in a saucepan is less than cooking in a normal saucepan. ( )
(8) Every pure substance has a characteristic boiling point. ( )
(9) The amount of depression in the freezing point of solutions depends on their
concentrations. ( )
(10) Water freezes in polar regions as a result of gaining thermal energy. ( )
(11) Dry ice is nitrogen in the solid state. ( )
(12) The rate of evaporation increases when the speed of air currents above the surface
of the liquid increases. ( )
(13) An increase in the humidity percentage leads to an increase in the rate of
evaporation( )
(14) The water cycle in nature directly affects many weather factors. ( )

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5) Choose the correct answer from the given answers:

(1) The speed of the particles that make up the substance increases when the
processes of.
a)condensation and evaporation b) condensation and freezing.
c )evaporation and melting. D) freezing. and melting
(2) When a certain volume of water boils, a larger volume of steam is produced, because.
a)steam molecules are farther apart than water molecules
b)The composition of water is different from the composition of water vapor.
c)The conversion of water to vapor increases the number of molecules.
d)Water molecules collide when heated.
(3) What happens to the particles of a solid when they melt?
a)They continue to vibrate around their position.
b)They move freely and randomly in all directions.
c)They stop vibrating.
d)They are freed from their fixed positions.
(4) The opposite graph represents the heating of
a solid. What is the time at which the substance
completely changes to the liquid state?
(A)A (B) B
(C)C (D) D
(5) A substance (X) changes from state (A)
to state (B) as shown in the opposite figure.
Which of the following graphs represents
the temperature of a substance (X) over time?

6)The opposite graph represent change in the temperature in a flask contain pieces of ice
through 20 minutes , which of the following is correct?
Choices Periods In which the Periods in which a
substance gains heat change in the state of
matter occurred
A BC BC. AB
B BC , AB CD. BC
C CD. BC. AB CD . AB
D CD. BC. AB CD. BC. AB

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(7) A solid substance with a melting point of 1500 °C turns into a liquid state at...
A)1000°C B)1500°C C)1550 °C d)2000°C
(8) The boiling point of water at the top of a mountain 3000 meters high is equal to.
A) 100°C B) 94°C C)90°C D)84°C
9) When sodium chloride dissolves in water.
a) The melting point of the solution increases.
b) The boiling point of the solution increases.
c) The boiling point of the solution decreases.
d) The melting point of the solution does not change.
(10) All of the following represent water transformations, except:
a) Reflexive operations. b) Physical processes.
C) Chemical processes. d)Accompanied by a thermal change.
(11) Each of the following processes requires the acquisition of thermal energy to occur,
except for...
a)Boiling. B) Melting C) evaporation. d) Freezing .
12) Melting point is opposite to ……….process
a) precipitation b)Condensation c)Freezing d) Sublimation.
13) In the following activity
…………Energy is required for the process (X) to occur.
While for the process (Y) to occur,….. energy is required.
a) Gain/Lost.
b) acquire/acquire
C) lost/gained.
d) Lost/lost.
(14) From the opposite figure: Which of the
following represents (X), (7)?
A) (X) Solid, (Y) liquid B) (X) liquid, (Y) Solid
C) (X): Solid, (Y): Gas D) (X) Gas , (Y) Solid
(15) The formation of frost represents the process of………
A) Evaporation B) Sublimation
C) Precipitation. D) Condensation.
(16) Each of the following represents the process of evaporation of pure water, except that it
a) occurs at 40 °C b)occurs only for surface molecules.
c) occurs without heating. d) accompanied by the formation of gas bubbles
(17) Wet clothes dry when exposed to the sun as a result of a process.
A) Melting B) Evaporation C) boiling D)Condensation.
(18) In the opposite figure: The rate of evaporaton in.
A) Each of the two vessels (X) and (Y) is very fast.
B) Each of the two vessels (X) and (7) is very slow.
C) Vessel (Y) is larger than vessel (X).
d) Vessel (Y) is slower than vessel (X).
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(19) From the opposite figure:
Which of the following expresses the rate
of evaporation of water in the three vessels
when exposed to the same temperature?
A) (Z) > (Y) > (X) B)(x) > (Y) > (Z)
C)(Y) > (X) > (Z) D)(X) > (Z) > (Y)

(20) The following figures represent four vessels containing equal amounts of water
left in the atmosphere for two days:

Which container contains the largest amount of water after two days?
A) (W) B) (X) C) (Z) D) (Y)
(21) The rate of evaporation increases with an increase in each of the following,
except for ............
A) Temperature B)Surface area of the liquid exposed to evaporation.
C)Humidity. D)Air currents.
Essay Questions
6)What is meant by:-
1) Melting
(2) Boiling point.
(3) Sublimation.
(4) Precipitation.
(5) Dry ice.
(6) Hydrology.
7)Explain the following (give reasons:-:
(1) A substance changes from the solid state to the liquid state upon heating.
…………………………………………………………………………………………………
(2) A substance changes from the liquid state to the gaseous state upon heating.
…………………………………………………………………………………………………
(3) During the processes of melting, evaporation, and boiling, the temperature
remains constant, despite continued heating
…………………………………………………………………………………………

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(4) The purity of substances can be verified by measuring their melting or boiling
points at constant values when they are in the pure state.
………………………………………………………………………………………………
(5) The boiling point of pure water is lower than 1000 on mountaintops.
………………………………………………………………………………………………
(6) Cooking in a saucepan consumes less fuel.
………………………………………………………………………………………………
(7) The boiling point of a glucose solution is higher than that of distilled water.
………………………………………………………………………………………………
(8) Water droplets form on the outer surface of a cup of iced water.
………………………………………………………………………………………………
(9) Ice turns into water when left in an open area.
………………………………………………………………………………………………
(10) Water freezes in polar regions.
………………………………………………………………………………………………
(11) Transformations of matter from one state to another are reversible processes.
……………………………………………………………………………………………
(12) Evaporation takes longer than boiling.
………………………………………………………………………………………………
(13) Wet clothes dry faster in summer than in winter.
………………………………………………………………………………………………
(14) The rate of evaporation increases when the temperature rises.
………………………………………………………………………………………………
(15) The rate of evaporation increases when the surface area of a liquid exposed to
evaporation increases
………………………………………………………………………………………………
(16) The evaporation rate increases when the speed of air currents increases.
…………………………………………………………………………………………………
(17) Feeling unwell in hot, humid weather.
………………………………………………………………………………………………
8)What happens when:
(1) A solid substance gains thermal energy.
………………………………………………………………………………………………
(2) A liquid substance gains thermal energy.
………………………………………………………………………………………………
(3) Ice continues to gain more thermal energy during the melting process.
………………………………………………………………………………………………
(4) The atmospheric pressure affecting pure water is lower than the usual atmospheric
pressure.
………………………………………………………………………………………………
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(5) The temperature of water vapor in the air decreases to less than 0
………………………………………………………………………………………………
(6) A piece of ice is left in the air for a period of time.
………………………………………………………………………………………………
(7) Dry ice is left in an open place.
………………………………………………………………………………………………
(8) Solid iodine is heated.
………………………………………………………………………………………………
(9) A spray of a concentrated syrup of regular coffee is exposed to very hot, dry air.
………………………………………………………………………………………………

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Objective questions Unit One, Lesson (3)
1- Write Scientific term
1- Which part of the universe is the subject of study and observation of the change in
energy and matter in it (…………………….)
2-The space surrounding the system with which energy, matter, or both can be
.exchanged (…………………….)
3-A system in which an exchange of energy and matter occurs with the surroundings
.(…………………….)
4-A system in which an exchange of energy without matter occurs with the
surroundings (…………………….)
5-A system in which no exchange of energy or matter occurs with the surroundings
.(…………………….)
6-The measure of the average is the kinetic energy of the particles of the system
(…………………….)
7-The sum of the potential and kinetic energies of the particles of the system
(…………………….)
8- The amount of heat required to raise the temperature of 1 kg of matter by IC Factors
(…………………….)
9-The cooling system connected to car engines(…………………….)
2-Complete the following sentences with appropriate words
1-The substance in the system may be …….…..or liquid or ………...a mixture of them
2- Systems are classified according to their ability to exchange energy and matter with
the surroundings into a………… closed system and …………….
3-An exchange of energy occurs in both………….and …………. systems
4-No exchange of matter occurs in both both………….and …………. systems
5-The internal energy of system it the sum of the ………... and …………. energies
6-The kinetic energy of the particles of the materials………… is as largest, because
they are moving………………
7-When a material gains an amount of thermal energy………. the average kinetic
energy of its particles, and therefore ………. its temperature
8-The potential energy of a ………. material is as largest, while for………. materials
is almost zero
9-The body gains thermal energy. …………its temperature, while the body loses
thermal energy………. its temperature
10-The amount of change in the temperature of any body depends on…………. the
type of material and ……….
11-The amount of change in the temperature of different masses of the same material
differs when………. or………. the same amount of thermal energy
12-When two equal masses of water and oil are heated over a uniform flame, the
amount of temperature increase in…………… is greater than in…..……………
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13-When the specific heat of a substance is large, the amount of heat needed to raise its
temperature is…………and take time …………… the loss is the energy it has gained
3-Correct underline
1-An open system exchanges energy only with its surroundings
2-Bottles of soda water represent an isolated system
3-Heat is a measure of the average kinetic energy of the particles of a substance
4-A decrease in the average speed of the particles of a substance is offset by a constant
temperature
5-Murcury are an excellent coolant liquid
6-The specific heat of ice is equal to the specific heat of liquid water
7-Radiators are used to protect car tires from damage
4-Put a (✓ ) and an (X) and correct it
1-An open system has only exchange of matter with the surrounding medium ( )
2-A thermos represents a closed system ( )
3-The temperature of a substance is a measure of the average kinetic energy of its particles ( )
4-The average kinetic energy of the particles of a system leads to an increase in its
temperature ( )
(5) The average kinetic energy of the particles of hot water is equal to the average kinetic
.energy of the particles of cold water ( )
6-The average kinetic energy of the particles in a system is equal to the kinetic energy of a
single particle, assuming the kinetic energy of all particles is equal( )
7-Heat transfer from or to a body is inferred from the change in its temperature ( )
8-The amount of change in the temperature of a body increases with an increase in its mass
when it gains a quantity of heat( )
9-The specific heat of a single substance varies according to its physical state ( )
5-Choose the correct answer from the given answer
1-What is the relationship between a closed system and the surrounding medium
a. Both matter and energy are exchanged between them
b. An exchange of matter but not energy is exchanged between them
c. Energy is exchanged between them without matter
d. No exchange of matter or energy takes place between them
2-What is the relationship between an isolated system and a collective section
a. Only heat is exchanged between them
b. Both matter and heat are exchanged between them
c. Only matter is exchanged between them
d. Neither matter nor heat is exchanged between them
3-In the opposite figure
Which number represents the system and the system
boundary, respectively?
a. )1(.)2( b.)2(.)3(
c. )1(.)3( d. )3(.)2(
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4-The opposite figure shows three pots containing
equal masses of tea with a temperature of 70 CC
Which of the following is true after 20 minutes
a. The temperature of the tea does not change in the pot (1).
The mass of the tea decreases in the pot (2)
b. The mass of the tea does not change in the pot (1). The temperature of the tea decreases in
the pot (2)
c. The temperature of the tea does not decrease in the pot (2). The mass of the tea does not
change in the pot (3)
d. The mass of the tea does not change in the pot (1) (1). The temperature of the tea does not
change in the pot (3)
5-A system containing a substance (A) with a mass of 5 was dissolved in 30 ml of
water. At the end of the experiment, the temperature of the solution decreased
by 3 and its mass was 35. What type of system is this
a. Isolated b. Closed c. Open d. Closed or isolated
6-The internal energy of the system increases when
a. The potential energy of its particles increases
b. Both the potential energy and kinetic energy of its particles decrease
c. The kinetic energy of its particles decreases
d. Its particles stop moving
7-When a substance is heated, the body that makes it up dies
a. Its average kinetic energy decreases
b. Its average kinetic energy increases
c. Its potential energy increases
d. Its internal energy decreases
8-All of the following are factors affecting the temperature of a system, except
a. Its mass b. Its type of substance c. Its shape d. Its physical state
9-The opposite figure represents the heating process of two
copper balls (A and B). Which of the two balls has a greater
temperature rise over the same period of time
a. Ball (A), due to its high specific heat
b. Ball (B), due to its high specific heat
c. Ball (A), due to its large size
d. Ball (B), due to its small size
10-From the opposite pots
What two vessels should the experiment be carried
out on to demonstrate the relationship between the
time required for water to reach boiling point and
the mass of water
a. )3(.)4( b.)1(.)4( c. )2(.)3( d. )1(.)3(

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11-The opposite figure: represents the heating
process of two cubes of the same material. Which
of the following is true when they reach 60ºC?
a. Cube (Y) has more thermal energy because its specific heat is greater
b. Cube (Y) has less thermal energy than cube (X)
c. Cube (X) has less thermal energy than cube(Y)
d. Cube (X) has more thermal energy because its specific heat is lower
12-From the opposite figure
Which of the following is true
a. The water in the two cups has the same amount of heat
b. The water in cup (2) is colder than the water in cup
c. The internal energy of the water in cup (1) is less than the water in cup (2)
d. The water in cup (1) reaches room temperature before the water in cup (2 )
13- The opposite figure: represents an experiment to
measure one of the factors affecting the amount of
change in the temperature of the system
What is the independent variable in this experiment
a. The volume of oil and water
b. The amount of heat gained
c. The type of substance of the oil and water
d. The amount of change in the temperature of the oil and water
(14) When two equal masses of water and ice are heated with a uniform flame the
amount of temperature rise will be
a. Water is the largest b. Ice is the largest
c. Water and ice are both equal in both states d. Its amount is twice that of ice
15-The specific heat of a metal ball depends on
a. Its type of substance b. Its mass c. Its volume d. Its radius
16-Which of the following materials has the largest specific heat
a. Water b. Iron c. Aluminum d. Mercury
17-The table opposite shows the values of the specific Element Specific Heat
heats of four elements with the same temperature (J/kg.°C)
Which element's temperature rises at the fastest rate when Al 900
equal masses of each are supplied with the same amount of Cu 385
heat for an equal period of time Fe 450
a. Al b. Cu c. Fe d. C C 410
18-The graph opposite expresses the specific heat of
solids (A) (B) (C) (D) equals in mass at room
temperature 25, which of these substances reaches a
temperature of 70 in the greatest possible time
a. (A) b. (B) c. (C) d. (D)
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Essay Questions
6-What is meant by each of
1-The system 2- The surrounding medium
3-Open system 4-Closed system
5- Isolated system 6- temperature
7-Internal energy of the system 8-Specific heat
9-Radiator
7-Give reasons for the following
1-A hot cup of tea represents an open system
………………………………………………………………………………
2-A vacuum saucepan represents a closed system, while a thermos represents an
isolated system
………………………………………………………………………………
3-A medical thermometer is considered a closed system
………………………………………………………………………………
4-The kinetic energy of the particles of solids is small, while the kinetic energy of the
particles of gases is very high
………………………………………………………………………………
5-The temperature of a liquid decreases when it loses thermal energy
………………………………………………………………………………
6-The speed of diffusion of odors in hot air is greater than their speed of diffusion in
cold air
………………………………………………………………………………
7-The internal energy of any isolated system is constant
………………………………………………………………………………
8-The amount of temperature rise in a single substance decreases with an increase in its
mass when it gains a quantity of heat
………………………………………………………………………………
9-When two equal masses of oil and water are heated by the same heat source, the
amount of temperature rise in the oil is greater than that in the water
………………………………………………………………………………
10-Specific heat is a characteristic property of a substance
………………………………………………………………………………
11-Mercury is used in the manufacture of thermometers
………………………………………………………………………………
12-Water is an excellent refrigerant
………………………………………………………………………………
13-Water is used in a car radiator
………………………………………………………………………………
14-The human body contains a large percentage of water
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………………………………………………………………………………
8-What happens when
1-The system gains thermal energy from the surroundings
………………………………………………………………………………
2-Two different masses of distilled water are heated - each separately - to the same
temperature for an equal period of time using a uniform flame
………………………………………………………………………………
3-Two equal masses of water and oil are heated - each separately - to the same
temperature for an equal period of time using a uniform flame
………………………………………………………………………………
4-Two equal masses of water and ice are heated - each separately - for an equal period
of time using a uniform flame
………………………………………………………………………………

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Objective questions Unit One, Lesson (4)

1- Write Scientific term
1)The energy that transfer from one system to another as a result of the difference in
their temperature. (…………………)
2)The state in which 2 different systems differ in their temperature and touching each
other where their temperature becomes equals (…………………)
3) Transfer of heat energy through solid bodies without the moving of their molecules
from their position (…………………)
4)The measurement of the ability of substance to transfer energy. (…………………)
5)Transfer of heat energy in fluids with moving its particles (…………………)
6)Movement of cold air at day from sea to land (…………………)
7)Waves transfer in space in all direction by speed of 300000 Km/S (………………)
8)The transfer of infrared rays from the surface of hot bodies without the need of
materialistic particles (………………)
9)A Technique in which a camera use the sense of thermal waves emitted from bodies
and change it into colored photos. (………………)
2)Complete the following
(1) Thermal energy is transferred from a………… system at a temperature to a
……………. system at a temperature.
(2) Heat is transferred in three different ways conduction,…………. And…………
(3) Heat is transferred from one point to another in………… objects by……………….
(4) From materials that are good conductors of heat………… . while………… is from
materials that are heat insulators.
(5) Cooking pot handles are made of………. Or …………while the pots themselves are
made of………….
(6) Silver precedes by ………..element and follows by ………..element in thermal
conductivity.
(7) Sheets of………… are placed between bricks to avoid…………… temperature
changes inside buildings.
(8) Heat is transferred by conduction as a result of………….. particles of a material
touching each other, while heat transferred by convection as a result …………..of
particles of a fluid.
(9) Heat is transferred in iron by………, While it is transferred in water by…………..
(10) Hot water has ………..density while cold water has ………..density .
(11) A sea breeze occurs as a result of the movement of hot air from…………
to be replaced by cold air from…………………
(12) The idea of the sea breeze depends on the transfer of heat by a……………
, while the cooling of electronic devices depends on the transfer of heat by a……………
(13) Heat is transferred in gases by a…………… and ……………. method
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(14) The heat of the sun reaches us by a…………. method, while the heat of a heater
reaches us by a……………and…………… method.
(15)………….. camera. can sense the………….. radiation emitted by objects and
convert it into colored images.
3)Correct the underlined:
(1) Heat is a form of matter. (…………)
(2) Heat is transferred through solid objects from one end to the other by convection.
(………………)
(3) When two identical cubes of copper come into contact, the temperature of the first
being 60 °C and the temperature of the second being 40°C, their temperature at thermal
equilibrium becomes 20 °C. (………………)
(4) Copper ranks first in thermal conductivity among natural elements (…………)
(5) When heat is transferred by radiation, hot water particles rise upward and cold water
particles sink downward. (………………)
(6) The effect of the sea breeze phenomenon is more pronounced in spring.
(7) Infrared radiation has a chemical effect. (………………)
(8) The idea of wearing clothes that stand out in winter is based on heat transfer by
conduction. (………………)
(9) When we stand in front of a lit electric lamp, heat is transferred to us by conduction.
(………………)
4)Put ( ✓) or (X) , and correct the wrong:
(1) The transfer of thermal energy from one system to another depends on a temperature
difference between them. ( )
(2) Heat is transferred from a colder body to a hotter body. ( )
(3) A spoon becomes cold after being used to stir iced water in a cup because the spoon
loses heat to the iced water. ( )
(4) When a cube of metal at a temperature of 60°C is dropped into a tub of water at a
temperature of 90°C, there is no change in the temperature of the water. ( )
(5) When stirring a cup of hot tea with a metal spoon, heat is transferred to the hand by
radiation. ( )
(6) Thermal equilibrium occurs when there is a difference in the amount of heat. ( )
(7) Metals are thermal conductors. ( )
(8) The thermal conductivity of copper is greater than that of silver. ( )
(9) The thermal conductivity of solid bricks is better than that of hollow bricks.
(10) The heat generated in smartphone components leads to poor performance. ( )
(11) Heat is transferred through solids and liquids by convection. ( )
(12) When air is cooled, its density decreases and it sinks. ( )
(13) An electric heater is placed on the floor of a room to heat the air by conduction.( )

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5)Choose the correct answer from the given answers:

(1) When an ice cube is placed in boiling water.
A)Heat is transferred from the water to the ice.
B) The water acquires energy from the ice.
C)The water acquires energy from the surroundings.
D)Coldness is transferred from the ice to the water
(2) We feel cold after entering an air-conditioned room for several minutes, because….
a)The body loses heat. b)The room air loses heat.
c)The body gains heat. d)The air conditioner gains heat.
(3) When an object (X) with a temperature of 75°C comes into contact with another
object (Y) with a temperature of 1500°C, heat is transferred.
a) From (X) to (Y) when thermal equilibrium is reached.
b) From (Y) to (X) when thermal equilibrium is reached.
C)from (X) to (Y) until thermal equilibrium is reached.
d) From (Y) to (X) until thermal equilibrium is reached.
(4) The opposite figure shows a beaker of water placed in a basin of water.
What is the temperature of the water in the beaker and basin after 5 hours?
a) Beaker: 90°C , Basin: 50°C b) Beaker: 50°C , Basin: 50°C
c)Beaker: 70°C , Basin: 70°C d) Beaker: 50°C , Basin: 70°C
(5) Heat is transferred through metal objects by……
a)Conduction and convection. B)Radiation only.
c)Radiation and convection. D) Conduction only.
(6) When ironing clothes with an electric iron, heat is transferred from the soleplate to
the clothes, by…….
a)Convection currents and radiation b)Radiation only.
c)Convection currents only. d) Conduction only.
(7) All of the following are good conductors of heat, except for…….
a)Iron. b) Copper. c )Aluminum. D) Wood
(8) The amount of thermal conductivity can be clearly distinguished between each of….
a)Iron and copper. b)Copper and aluminum
c)Wood and plastic. d)Iron and plastic.
(9) In Figure (1), metal balls of the same material were
glued with wax to several stems of different materials.
When heat was supplied to them, some of the balls fell
off As in Figure (2),which of the stem materials is
considered the most heat conductive?
(A) A (B) B (C) C (D)D

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(10) From the experiment shown in the opposite figure:
Ice cube (2) melts completely before ice cube (1) because …
a)Material (X) conducts heat faster than material (Y).
b)Material (Y) is a better conductor of heat than material (X).
C)The ice cube on material (Y) loses heat faster.
d)Material (X) has the same thermal conductivity as material (Y).
(11) The opposite figure: represents an iron rod, on which
are attached4 identical balls of wax heated from position (A).
What is the order of the wax balls in terms of melting speed?
a. Z>Y>X>W
b. W>Z>Y>X
c. W>X>Z>Y
d. Z>Y>W>X
(12) A metal door handle (X) is cooler than another plastic
door handle (Y) on a cold day. because handle (X)………
a)conducts convection currents more than handle (Y).
b)More conductive than the handle (Y).
c)Less conductive than handle (Y).
d)Better radiant of heat than the handle (Y).
(13) From the experiment shown in the opposite figure:
What is the possible temperature of each of the two
spoons two minutes after placing them in cold water?
Choices Wooden spoon metal spoon
A 25°C 18°C
B 12°C 28°C
C 30°C 30°C
D 10°C 10°C
(14) Heat is transferred by convection in all of the following except:………….
a)Chlorine. b ) Water. C)Air. D) Aluminum.
(15) When air is heated, it…………
a)Its density decreases and it sinks. b)Its density increases and it rises.
c)Its density decreases and it rises. d)Its density increases and it sinks.
(16) Covering a cup of hot tea with a lid makes it retain its heat for as long as possible,
because this reduces its density.
a)Conduction through the cup b)Convection currents above the surface of the tea.
c)Convection currents in the tea. d)radiation from the shiny surface of the cup
(17) In an electric kettle, the heating coil is placed
near the base of the kettle, because………….
a) Cold water rises b)Hot water rises.
C) The kettle is a poor conductor of heat.

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d) Water is a good conductor of heat.
(18) An electric heater was placed on the floor of a room, Which of the following figures
represents the air movement in the room after turning on the heater?

(19) The opposite figure shows three locations where the

temperature varies. The correct order of these locations
according to their temperature at noon is:
a)1<3<2 b) 3<1<2 c) 1<2<3 d) 2<1<3
20)Which of the following figure represent mechanism of forming sea breeze

(21) Heat transfer by radiation occurs through…………..

a)Liquids only. b) Material and immaterial media.
C ) Gases only. d)Metals only.
(22) In which of the following cases is heat
transferred by radiation only?
a)Heating a pot of water using a stove.
b) Heating a piece of rock by the sun.
C) Heating the air in a room with a radiator.
d)Heating hands when rubbed together.
(23) Which of the following is true?
a)Metals conduct heat equally.
b)Heat is transferred in solids and liquids by convection currents.
c)The density of a cold liquid is greater than its density when it is hot.
d)Infrared radiation has a chemical effect.
(24) From the figure opposite: Which method (or methods) of heat transfer is prevented
by a vacuum?
a) Conduction and convection.
b) Conduction and radiation.
c) Convection and radiation.
d) Radiation only.

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25) In the following figure :- Rami and Atef set around burning wood to feel warm At an
equal distance , how heat can transfer to each of them ?
Choices Rami Atif
A Convection radiation
B Convection radiation
and radiation
C radiation Convection and
radiation
D radiation Convection
26) Homes in hot houses painted with white color , because white color…………
a) reflect rays b)transfer rays c)absorb rays d) allow rays to pass
27)From the following figure , what is the method of
transferring heat from the heater to thermometer storage
(a) Conduction , convection and radiation
(b) Conduction and radiation
(c) Convection only (d) radiation only
6)Choose between the 2 columns :-
1)
(A) Heat transfer through (B)Through
1)solid 1) radiation
2)gases 2) Conduction and Convection
3)Vacuum 3) Conduction
4) Convection and radiation
2)
(A) Heat transfer (B)Through
1)On touching a metallic spoon 1) Conduction and radiation
2)From the warmer to the room atmosphere 2) radiation
3)From sun to us 3) Convection
4) Conduction
Essay Questions
7)What is meant by:
(1) Heat
(2) Thermal equilibrium
(3) Thermal conduction
(4) Thermal conductivity
(5) Convection
(6) Sea breeze
(7) Radiation
(8) Electromagnetic waves

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8)Give reasons for the following:

(1) The temperature of a cold solid object rises when it touches a hot piece of iron.
……………………………………………………………………………………………
(2) The temperature of a hot piece of metal decreases when it is placed in a cup of cold
water.
……………………………………………………………………………………………
(3) Cooking utensils are made of aluminum, but their handles are made of wood
……………………………………………………………………………………………
(4) It is preferable to place polystyrene panels between bricks when constructing walls.
……………………………………………………………………………………………
(5) When constructing walls, it is preferable to use hollow clay bricks over solid clay
bricks.
……………………………………………………………………………………………
(6) Electronic devices have cooling systems that use materials that conduct heat well.
……………………………………………………………………………………………
(7) An eagle can soar at great heights without flapping its wings, despite the Earth's
strong pull.
……………………………………………………………………………………………
(9) It is preferable to place an electric heater on the floor of a room.
……………………………………………………………………………………………
(8) Heat is not transferred by convection through solid materials
……………………………………………………………………………………………
(10) The freezer is placed at the top of the refrigerator.
……………………………………………………………………………………………
(11) The sea breeze occurs.
……………………………………………………………………………………………
(12) The sand on the beach is hotter than the sea water at noon.
……………………………………………………………………………………………
(13) The sun's heat is transmitted to us by radiation.
……………………………………………………………………………………………
(14) The sun's heat is not transmitted to us by conduction or convection.
……………………………………………………………………………………………
(15) It is preferable to wear tight clothes in the winter and light clothes in the summer.
……………………………………………………………………………………………
(16) Painting solar water heater tubes black.
……………………………………………………………………………………………
(17) Firefighters wear shiny silver clothes.
……………………………………………………………………………………………
(18) Thermograph cameras are used at airports.
……………………………………………………………………………………………

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(19) Snakes can catch their prey at night.
……………………………………………………………………………………………
9)What happens when:
1-A hot metal block is immersed in a cup of water that is cold relative to the temperature
of the metal block and the water?
……………………………………………………………………………………………
(2) Two bodies at the same temperature come into contact.
……………………………………………………………………………………………
(3) Two non- insulated systems at different temperatures come into contact
……………………………………………………………………………………………
(4) Mixing a hot drink at 700°C with another drink at 20°C
……………………………………………………………………………………………
(5) Placing a metal spoon in a cup of hot tea.
……………………………………………………………………………………………
(6) Heating the end of a metal rod with several pins attached to it with small pieces of
wax.
……………………………………………………………………………………………
(7) Using polystyrene insulation panels between the walls of buildings during
construction.
……………………………………………………………………………………………
(8) Placing a heater at the top of a room.
……………………………………………………………………………………………
10)Compare between each of the following:
(1) Thermally conductive materials and thermally insulating materials in terms of:
Definition - Examples.
(2) Copper and plastic in terms of: Thermal conductivity.
(3) Hollow clay bricks and solid clay bricks in terms of: Thermal conductivity.
(4) Solid and liquid materials in terms of: The method of heat transfer through them.
(5) Heat transfer by conduction, convection, and radiation in terms of: The possibility of
heat transfer in a vacuum

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