Powers of Courts (Section 21-29) under bnss bttao

👇
नीचे BNSS, 2023 (Bharatiya Nagarik Suraksha Sanhita) के Sections 21–29 : Powers of Courts
को easy Hinglish + exam-oriented तरीके से समझाया गया है, साथ में examples भी हैं

🔹 Powers of Courts (Sections 21–29) – BNSS, 2023

🔸 Section 21 – Courts by which offences are triable
Meaning:
Kis offence ka trial kaun-si court karegi, ye section batata hai.
Simple samjho:
Har offence ke liye ek proper court hoti hai – Magistrate ya Sessions Court.
Example:
• Murder → Court of Session
• Theft → Magistrate Court

🔸 Section 22 – Sentences which High Courts and Sessions Judges may pass
Meaning:
High Court aur Sessions Judge kis type ki punishment de sakte hain.
Power:
• Death Sentence
• Life Imprisonment
• Any lawful punishment
⚠️Note:
Sessions Judge ka death sentence tabhi valid hota hai jab High Court confirm kare.

🔸 Section 23 – Sentences which Magistrates may pass

Meaning:
Magistrates ki punishment dene ki limit.

(a) Chief Judicial Magistrate (CJM)

• Imprisonment up to 7 years
• Fine (as per law)

(b) Judicial Magistrate First Class (JMFC)

• Imprisonment up to 3 years
 • Fine up to ₹50,000 (or as prescribed)

(c) Judicial Magistrate Second Class (JMSC)

• Imprisonment up to 1 year
• Fine up to ₹10,000

🔸 Section 24 – Sentences by Metropolitan Magistrate

Meaning:
Metro cities ke Magistrates ke powers same hote hain JMFC jaise.
Example:
Delhi, Mumbai, Kolkata ke Metropolitan Magistrate →
• 3 years imprisonment
• Fine as allowed

🔸 Section 25 – Sentence of imprisonment in default of fine

Meaning:
Agar fine nahi bhara, to extra jail ho sakti hai.
Simple samjho:
Fine = compulsory → warna jail.
Example:
₹5,000 fine nahi diya → court 1 month extra jail de sakti hai.

🔸 Section 26 – Mode of conferring powers

Meaning:
Magistrates ko powers kaise milti hain.
Answer:
• State Government

⚖️
• High Court ke through
Powers directly nahi hoti, legally grant ki jaati hain.

🔸 Section 27 – Powers of Judges and Magistrates exercisable by successors

Meaning:
Agar judge transfer ho jaye, to naya judge wahi powers exercise karega.
Example:
Judge A ne trial start kiya → Judge B complete karega with same authority.

🔸 Section 28 – Sentences which Court of Session may pass on conviction

Meaning:
Sessions Court ki punishment powers (detail form).
Power:
• Life Imprisonment
• Death Sentence (HC confirmation required)
• Fine

🔸 Section 29 – Levy of fine

Meaning:
Fine kaise recover kiya jayega.
Methods:
• Property attach karke
• Jail in default of fine

✅ Short Exam Tip (One-liner ya yaad rakhne ke liye)

High Court & Sessions Court = Unlimited power
Magistrates = Limited power (1, 3, 7 years)
Death sentence → HC confirmation compulsory

Agar aap chaho to main isko:

✔ chart / table form
✔ one-page revision notes
✔ MCQ based questions

😊
✔ CrPC vs BNSS comparison

👍
me bhi bana deta hoon
बस बताइए
Definitions, Constitution of Criminal Courts and Offices (Section 6-20),

👉
नीचे BNSS, 2023 (Bharatiya Nagarik Suraksha Sanhita) के

👉 Definitions (Sections 2–5)

Constitution of Criminal Courts and Offices (Sections 6–20)
को easy Hinglish + exam-oriented + examples के साथ समझाया गया है 👇
📘 BNSS, 2023
🔹 Definitions & Constitution of Criminal Courts and Offices
(Sections 6–20)

🔴 PART–A : Definitions (Sections 2–5)

🔸 Section 2 – Definitions
Is section me important legal terms define kiye gaye hain jo poori BNSS me use hote hain.

Important Definitions (Exam Point of View)

Term Easy Meaning
Bailable Offence Jisme bail right hoti hai
Non-Bailable Offence Bail court ki discretion par
Cognizable Offence Police bina warrant arrest kar sakti hai
Non-Cognizable Offence Court ki permission ke bina arrest nahi
Complaint Magistrate ko diya gaya written/oral allegation
Inquiry Trial se pehle ki judicial process
Investigation Police dwara evidence collect karna
Public Prosecutor Government ka lawyer
Police Station Area jahan SHO appointed hota hai

📌
Victim
Example:
Jise offence ke karan nuksaan hua

Theft → Cognizable + Non-Bailable (serious cases)

🔸 Section 3 – Construction of References

Masculine words = feminine include

📌
Singular = plural include
Example:
“he” ka matlab “she” bhi hoga.

🔸 Section 4 – Trial of offences under IPC & other laws

• IPC ke offences → BNSS ke according
• Special law ke offences → Us law ke according
📌 Example:
NDPS Act ka case → NDPS procedure follow karega.

🔸 Section 5 – Saving
Special law ki powers BNSS se effect nahi hoti.

🔴 PART–B : Constitution of Criminal Courts & Offices

(Sections 6–20)

🔹 Section 6 – Classes of Criminal Courts

India me ye criminal courts hoti hain:
1. Supreme Court
2. High Courts
3. Court of Session
4. Judicial Magistrates
• First Class
• Second Class
5. Executive Magistrates

🔹 Section 7 – Territorial divisions

📌
State ko Sessions Divisions aur Districts me divide kiya jata hai.
Example:
Ek district = ek Sessions Division (generally)

🔹 Section 8 – Court of Session

• State Government establish karti hai
• Har Sessions Division me ek Court

Officers:
• Sessions Judge
 • Additional Sessions Judge
• Assistant Sessions Judge

🔹 Section 9 – Court of Judicial Magistrates

High Court establish karti hai.

Types:
• Chief Judicial Magistrate (CJM)
• Judicial Magistrate First Class (JMFC)
• Judicial Magistrate Second Class (JMSC)

🔹 Section 10 – Chief Judicial Magistrate

• District ka senior-most Magistrate
• Magistrates par administrative control

🔹 Section 11 – Special Judicial Magistrate

📌
High Court appoint karti hai for specific cases.
Example:
Economic offences ke liye special magistrate.

🔹 Section 12 – Local Jurisdiction of Magistrates

Magistrates ka area (territory) defined hota hai.

🔹 Section 13 – Subordination of Magistrates

• Magistrates → Sessions Judge ke under
• Administrative control → CJM ke paas

🔹 Section 14 – Executive Magistrates

State Government appoint karti hai.
Types:
• District Magistrate (DM)
• Additional District Magistrate (ADM)
• Sub-Divisional Magistrate (SDM)

🔹 Section 15 – Special Executive Magistrate

📌
Special purpose ke liye appoint kiye jaate hain.
Example:
Election duty ke liye.

🔹 Section 16 – Local Jurisdiction of Executive Magistrates

Unka area State Government fix karti hai.

🔹 Section 17 – Subordination of Executive Magistrates

• Executive Magistrates → DM ke under

🔹 Section 18 – Public Prosecutors

• State Government appoint karti hai
• Sessions Court aur High Court ke liye

🔹 Section 19 – Assistant Public Prosecutor

• Magistrate Courts ke liye
• Police se independent hote hain

🔹 Section 20 – Directorate of Prosecution

• Prosecutors ka supervision karta hai
• Fair & efficient prosecution ensure karta hai
✅ Exam Ready Conclusion
Sections 6–20 BNSS criminal justice system ka structure define karte hain –
Courts + Magistrates + Prosecutors + Administration

Agar aap chaho to main is topic ko:

✔ one-page revision chart
✔ MCQs + answers
✔ CrPC vs BNSS comparison table

😊
✔ short notes (5/10 marks)

👍
me bhi prepare kar deta hoon
बस बताइए
Preventive Action of the Police (Section 168-172

👉
नीचे BNSS, 2023 (Bharatiya Nagarik Suraksha Sanhita) के
Preventive Action of the Police – Sections 168 to 172
को easy Hinglish + exam-oriented language + examples के साथ समझाया गया है 👇

🚨 Preventive Action of Police

(Sections 168–172, BNSS)
Preventive action ka matlab:
Crime hone se pehle hi police ka action lena taaki public peace & safety bani rahe.

🔹 Section 168 – Information of design to commit cognizable

offence
(Police ka duty)
Meaning:
Agar police officer ko pata chalta hai ki koi cognizable offence plan ho raha hai, to uska farz hai
ki wo:
1. Is information ko senior officer ko bataye, aur

📌
2. Possible steps le taaki offence roka ja sake.
Example:
Police ko secret info mili ki riot plan ho raha hai → SHO apne seniors ko inform karega aur
preventive bandobast karega.
🔹 Section 169 – Police to prevent cognizable offences
Meaning:
Police apni jurisdiction me har possible lawful step legi taaki cognizable offence na ho.
Actions include:
• Patrolling
• Suspects par nazar

📌
• Warning / preventive detention as per law
Example:
Festival ke time police extra deployment karti hai taaki violence na ho.

🔹 Section 170 – Power to arrest to prevent cognizable offence

Meaning:
Police bina warrant kisi person ko arrest kar sakti hai agar:
✔ Arrest necessary ho offence prevent karne ke liye

📌
✔ Aur no other method effective na ho
Example:
Ek aadmi knife ke saath fight ke liye ja raha hai → Police usse turant arrest kar sakti hai.

🔹 Section 171 – Prevention of injury to public property

Meaning:

📌
Police public property ko nuksaan hone se bachane ke liye action le sakti hai.
Public Property includes:
• Roads
• Government buildings

📌
• Public transport
Example:
Mob railway station todne wali hai → Police force use karke rok sakti hai.

🔹 Section 172 – Persons bound to conform to lawful

directions of police
Meaning:
Public ko police ke lawful orders follow karne hote hain jab police preventive action le rahi ho.
📌 Example:

❌
Police ne crowd disperse karne ka order diya → logon ko maanna hoga.
Agar obey nahi kiya → legal action ho sakta hai.

🧠 One-Line Exam Revision

Section Keyword
168 Police ko crime plan ki information
169 Duty to prevent offence
170 Arrest to prevent crime
171 Protection of public property
172 Obey lawful police directions

✅ Conclusion (Exam Answer Style)

Sections 168–172 BNSS police ko preventive powers dete hain jisse wo
cognizable offences ko hone se pehle hi rok sake,
aur public order & property ko protect kar sake.

Agar aap chaho to main:

✔ short notes (5 marks / 10 marks)
✔ case-law based examples
✔ CrPC vs BNSS comparison

😊
✔ MCQ questions for practice

👍
bhi bana deta hoon
बस बताइए
Order for Maintenance of Wives, Children and Parents (Section 144-147),

👉
नीचे BNSS, 2023 (Bharatiya Nagarik Suraksha Sanhita) के

👇
Order for Maintenance of Wives, Children and Parents – Sections 144 to 147
को easy Hinglish + exam-oriented + examples के साथ समझाया गया है
 👨‍👩‍👧 
Order for Maintenance of Wives, Children
and Parents
(Sections 144–147, BNSS)
Maintenance ka purpose:
Wife, children aur parents ko destitution (bhookh-garibi) se bachana.
Ye social justice provision hai, punishment nahi.

🔹 Section 144 – Order for maintenance of wives, children

and parents
👤 Kaun claim kar sakta hai?
1. Wife (including divorced wife jo dobara shaadi nahi ki ho)
2. Minor children (legitimate or illegitimate)
3. Major child (agar physical/mental disability ho)
4. Father or Mother (agar apni maintenance nahi kar sakte)

Kaun order de sakta hai?

➡️Judicial Magistrate First Class

📌 Condition:
• Respondent ke paas sufficient means ho
• Phir bhi wo neglect ya refuse kare maintenance dene se

📌 Example:
Husband job karta hai par wife ko chhod deta hai → Magistrate maintenance order de sakta hai.

🔹
Meaning:
Section 145 – Procedure for maintenance proceedings

Maintenance ka case summary procedure se decide hota hai (jaldi).

Important points:
• Magistrate interim maintenance bhi de sakta hai
• Proceedings criminal court me hoti hain, par nature civil jaisa hota hai
📌 Example:
Case chal raha hai → Court turant ₹5,000/month interim maintenance de sakti hai.

🔹 Section 146 – Alteration in allowance

Meaning:
Agar situation change ho jaye to maintenance increase / decrease / cancel ho sakti hai.

Grounds:
• Income badhne ya ghattne par
• Wife ka remarriage

📌
• Children ki age / needs change hone par
Example:
Husband ki salary double ho gayi → Wife maintenance increase karwa sakti hai.

🔹 Section 147 – Enforcement of maintenance order

Meaning:
Agar maintenance order follow nahi hua, to court action legi.

Court powers:
• Recovery as fine
• Imprisonment (default me)
⚠️Jail maintenance ka substitute nahi hai, sirf enforcement ka method hai.
📌 Example:
Husband 6 months se maintenance nahi de raha → Court usse jail bhej sakti hai jab tak payment na
ho.

🧠 One-Line Exam Revision

Section Point
144 Right to maintenance
145 Procedure & interim maintenance
146 Alteration of maintenance
147 Enforcement & recovery
✅ Conclusion (Exam-ready)
Sections 144–147 BNSS ka object hai
wife, children aur parents ko basic support dena,
aur neglect karne wale person par legal pressure banana.

Agar aap chaho to main is topic ko:

✔ CrPC vs BNSS comparison (Section 125 CrPC)
✔ important case laws
✔ 5/10 marks answer format

😊
✔ MCQs for practice

👍
me bhi bana deta hoon
बस बताइए
Complaints to Magistrate (Section 223-226),

👉
नीचे BNSS, 2023 (Bharatiya Nagarik Suraksha Sanhita) के
Complaints to Magistrate – Sections 223 to 226
को easy Hinglish + exam-oriented + examples के साथ समझाया गया है 👇

📝 Complaints to Magistrate
(Sections 223–226, BNSS)
Complaint ka matlab:
Jab koi person Magistrate ke saamne likhit (written) ya maukhik (oral) roop me yeh
kahe ki kisi ne offence kiya hai, ise complaint kehte hain.
⚠️Police report complaint nahi hoti.

🔹 Section 223 – Cognizance of offences by Magistrates

Meaning:
Magistrate kisi offence par cognizance (notice lena) le sakta hai:
1. Complaint par
2. Police report par

📌
3. Apni knowledge / information par
Example:
Neighbour ne Magistrate ko complaint di → Magistrate cognizance le sakta hai.
🔹 Section 224 – Examination of complainant
Meaning:
Magistrate complaint milne par:
✔ Complainant aur witnesses ko oath par examine karega
✔ Statement likhit me record ki jayegi
✔ Magistrate aur complainant dono sign karenge
⚠️Exception:

📌
Agar complaint public servant ne official duty me ki ho → examination zaroori nahi.
Example:
Private person ne cheating ki complaint ki → Magistrate uska statement record karega.

🔹 Section 225 – Issue of process

Meaning:
Examination ke baad Magistrate decide karega:
• Summons / Warrant issue kare (agar prima facie case ho), ya

📌
• Complaint dismiss kare
Example:
Evidence sufficient laga → Accused ko summons bheja jayega.

🔹 Section 226 – Postponement of issue of process

Meaning:
Magistrate process issue postpone kar sakta hai aur:
1. Inquiry khud kare, ya

👉
2. Police se investigation karwaye

📌
Ye tab hota hai jab Magistrate ko aur clarity chahiye.
Example:
Land dispute me criminal angle doubtful hai → Magistrate police inquiry ka order deta hai.

🧠 One-Line Exam Revision

Section Key Point
223 Cognizance by Magistrate
Section Key Point
224 Examination of complainant
225 Issue of summons/warrant
226 Inquiry / investigation before process

✅ Conclusion (Exam-Ready)
Sections 223–226 BNSS ek filter mechanism provide karte hain,
jisse false ya weak complaints par turant process issue na ho,
aur genuine cases ko proper trial mile.

Agar aap chaho to main:

✔ CrPC vs BNSS comparison (Secs 190–202 CrPC)
✔ flow-chart (complaint se summons tak)
✔ MCQs + case-laws

😊
✔ 5/10 marks answer format

👍
bhi bana deta hoon
बस बताइए
Process to compel the production of things through Summons

👉
नीचे BNSS, 2023 के अंतर्गत
Process to Compel the Production of Things through Summons
को easy Hinglish + exam-oriented + example के साथ समझाया गया है 👇
(Ye topic usually CrPC ke Section 91 ke equivalent ke roop me poocha jata hai.)

📄 Process to Compel Production of Things

(Summons)
🔹 Meaning (Simple Language)

👉
Jab Court ya Police ko lagta hai ki koi document, record, ya cheez (thing)
investigation, inquiry ya trial ke liye necessary ya desirable hai,
to wo summons ke through us cheez ko produce karne ka order de sakte hain.

🔹 Authority Who Can Issue Summons

Summons issue kar sakta hai:
1. Court (Magistrate / Judge)
 2. Officer-in-charge of a Police Station

🔹 Against Whom Summons Can Be Issued?

Summons diya ja sakta hai:
✔ Kisi person ko
✔ Kisi company / bank / office ko
✔ Kisi government department ko

🔹 What Can Be Ordered to Produce?

• Documents
• Books of accounts
• Electronic records
• Weapons

📌
• Any movable thing relevant to case
Important:
Person ko khud court aane ki zarurat nahi,
sirf cheez produce karni hoti hai.

🔹 Nature of Summons
• Written order hota hai
• Specific cheez ka description hota hai
• Time & place mentioned hota hai

🔹 Compliance of Summons
Person summons ko comply kar sakta hai by:
1. Personally producing the thing, OR
2. Sending the thing through agent / messenger

🔹 Failure to Comply
Agar koi person without lawful excuse:
❌
👉
Cheez produce nahi karta
Court coercive steps le sakti hai
• Search warrant
• Legal punishment under law

📌 Examples (Exam Friendly)

Example 1:
Court ko cheating case me bank statement chahiye →
Bank manager ko summons issue hoga for producing record.

Example 2:
Police investigation me mobile phone required hai →
Owner ko summon karke phone produce karne ko kaha jayega.

🧠 One-Line Exam Answer

Summons for production of things ek legal process hai jiske through Court ya Police
kisi person ko relevant document ya object produce karne ka order dete hain
jo investigation, inquiry ya trial ke liye necessary ho.

⚖️ Difference (Quick Note)

Summons to Produce Things Summons to Attend Court
Sirf cheez laani hoti hai Person ko personally appear hona hota hai
Physical presence optional Presence compulsory

✅ Conclusion (Exam Ready)

Summons to compel production of things justice system ka ek important tool hai,
jo evidence collect karne me madad karta hai
bina unnecessary arrest ya search ke.

Agar aap chaho to main:

✔ Short note (5 marks)
✔ Flow-chart
✔ Summons vs Search Warrant
✔ CrPC vs BNSS comparison
 👍 😊
bhi bana deta hoon
बस बताइए
nhi samj aya
कोई बात नहीं 🙂
चलो bilkul basic se, step-by-step aur bahut easy language me samjhata hoon 👇

📄 Summons se Cheez (Document / Thing)

Mangwana
(Process to compel production of things)
🔹 Sabse pehle ye samjho:

👉
Summons = court ka likhit order
Jisme court bolti hai
“Tumhare paas jo cheez hai, wo court / police ko de do.”

⚠️Isme aadmi ko pakadna ya bulaana zaroori nahi hota,

sirf cheez deni hoti hai.

🪜 Step-by-Step Process (Jaise story)

🧩 Step 1: Case chal raha hota hai
• Police investigation

📌
• Ya court me trial / inquiry
Example:
Cheating ka case chal raha hai.

🧩 Step 2: Court / Police ko lagta hai

“Ek cheez bahut important hai”
Jaise:
• Bank statement
• Mobile phone
• Agreement / document
🧩 Step 3: Court ya Police Summons bhejti hai
Summons me likha hota hai:
• Kaunsi cheez chahiye
• Kab tak deni hai

📌
• Kahan deni hai
Example:
Bank ko likha:
“1 Jan se 31 March tak ka account statement produce karo.”

🧩 Step 4: Jiske paas cheez hai, wo kya kare?

Wo person:
✔ khud jaakar cheez de sakta hai

👉
✔ ya kisi ke haath bhej sakta hai
Court aana compulsory nahi.

🧩 Step 5: Agar cheez de di → kaam khatam ✅

🧩 Step 6: Agar cheez NAHI di ❌
Aur koi proper reason bhi nahi hai, to:
⚠️Court:
• Search warrant nikal sakti hai
• Ya legal action le sakti hai

🔍 Simple Real-Life Example

🧠 Example:
Ram ke paas Shyam ka mobile hai.
Mobile se crime hua.
Court Ram ko bolti hai:
“Mobile phone produce karo.”

❌
✔ Ram phone de deta hai → done
Ram nahi deta → court police se search karwa sakti hai
🧠 Exam me likhne ka sabse easy answer (4–5 lines)
Summons for production of things ek legal order hai jiske through
Court ya Police kisi person ko
investigation, inquiry ya trial ke liye
zaroori document ya cheez produce karne ko kehte hain.
Isme person ki personal appearance zaroori nahi hoti.

⚖️ Yaad rakhne ka ek rule

“Summons = Cheez lao, Aadmi nahi”
🔑
❓
Agar ab bhi clear na ho to batao:

❓
• Hindi me likhu?

❓
• Sirf 5-marks answer chahiye?

👍
• Flow-chart bana du?
Main usi format me samjha dunga

👍
Search Warrants and Miscellaneous including seizure,
है 👍
अब Search Warrants and Miscellaneous (including Seizure) को
bilkul basic, easy Hindi–Hinglish, step-by-step तरीके से समझते हैं 👇

🔍 Search Warrants & Miscellaneous

(Including Seizure)
(BNSS, 2023 – Easy Explanation)

🟡 1. Search Warrant kya hota hai?

Search Warrant = Court ka written order
jisme police ko kisi jagah ki talashi lene aur

👉
cheez (documents / weapons / property) jabt (seize) karne ki permission milti hai.
Bina warrant police normally search nahi kar sakti
(कु छ emergency exceptions hote hain).
🟡 2. Search Warrant kab issue hota hai?
Magistrate search warrant issue karega jab:

(1) Summons kaam nahi kare

📌
Court ne pehle summons diya, par cheez produce nahi hui.
Example:
Court ne file mangi → person ne ignore kiya → search warrant.

✔️(2) Court ko lagta ho cheez chhupa di jayegi

📌
Agar delay hua to evidence destroy / hide ho sakta hai.
Example:
Illegal arms ghar me chhupa hai → turant search.

✔️(3) Unknown person ke paas cheez ho

Jab pata hi nahi ho cheez kis ke paas hai.

🟡 3. Search Warrant ka process (Step-by-Step)

🔹 Step 1:
Court warrant issue karti hai (written order)

🔹 Step 2:
Police specified place par jaati hai

🔹 Step 3:
Witnesses ke saamne search hoti hai

🔹 Step 4:
Milne wali cheez seize (jabt) ki jaati hai

🔹 Step 5:
Seizure list (panchnama) banayi jaati hai

🟡 4. Seizure (Jabt) kya hota hai?

Seizure = Jab police kisi cheez ko legally apne kabze me le le
👉 Ye cheez:
• Case property ban jaati hai

📌
• Court ke order tak safe rakhi jaati hai
Example:
Knife, gun, drugs, stolen property.

🟡 5. Police seizure bina warrant kab kar sakti hai?

Police bina warrant bhi seizure kar sakti hai jab:
✔ Cheez stolen property ho
✔ Cheez offence se connected ho

📌
✔ Cheez public place par ho
Example:
Road par bike mili jo chori ki hai → police seize kar sakti hai.

🟡 6. Seized property ka kya hota hai?

• Police court ko report karti hai
• Court decide karti hai:
• Property release
• Confiscation
• Destruction

🟡 7. Search warrant ke rules (Short points)

✔ Search generally day time me hoti hai
✔ Female ki search → female officer
✔ Independent witnesses zaroori
✔ Respect of privacy maintain karna hota hai

🟡 8. Difference yaad rakhne ka trick

Term Matlab
🔑
Summons “Cheez khud laakar do”
Search Warrant “Police khud aakar dhundhegi”
Seizure “Cheez jabt kar li”
🧠 5-Marks Exam Answer (Simple)
Search warrant ek court ka written order hota hai jiske dwara
police ko kisi place ki search lene aur
offence se sambandhit cheez ko seize karne ka adhikar milta hai.
Seizure ka matlab hai kisi cheez ko legal taur par police ke kabze me lena.
Ye powers evidence ko surakshit rakhne ke liye di jati hain.

✅ Ek line me yaad rakho:

Summons fail → Search warrant → Seizure

Agar aap chaho to main:

✔ Flow-chart draw karke
✔ Only Hindi me
✔ CrPC vs BNSS table

😊
✔ MCQs practice

👍
bhi bana deta hoon
बस batao

😊
Processes to Compel Appearance through Summons
कोई tension नहीं

👉
अब Processes to Compel Appearance through Summons को
bilkul basic, exam-friendly, step-by-step samjho 👇

📜 Process to Compel Appearance through

Summons
🔹 Sabse pehle samjho:
Summons = Court ka likhit order

👉 👇
jisme court kisi person ko kehti hai
“Tum court ke saamne hazir ho jao.”
➡️Iska purpose hai person ki appearance ensure karna,
na ki punishment dena.

🟡 1. Summons kya hota hai? (Very Simple)

• Written order hota hai
 • Court issue karti hai

📌
• Accused / witness / kisi bhi required person ko diya jata hai
Example:
Court bolti hai:
“Ram, tum 10 August ko court me present ho.”

🟡 2. Summons kab issue hota hai?

Summons issue hota hai jab:
✔ Case serious nahi ho
✔ Court ko lagta ho ki person khud aa jayega
✔ First time appearance ke liye

🟡 3. Summons me kya likha hota hai?

Summons me hota hai:
• Court ka naam
• Person ka naam & address
• Date, time, place
• Judge/Magistrate ka sign

🟡 4. Summons serve (deliver) kaise hota hai?

(a) Personal Service
• Person ko directly diya jata hai

(b) Family member ke through

• Agar person ghar par na ho
• Adult family member ko diya ja sakta hai

(c) Affixation
• Ghar ke door par chipka diya jata hai

📌
• Jab person jaan-bujhkar summons avoid kare
Example:
Accused ghar me nahi mil raha → summons darwaze par chipka diya.
🟡 5. Summons milne ke baad kya karna hota hai?
✔ Court me present hona
✔ Ya agar exemption mile to lawyer ke through appear hona

🟡 6. Agar Summons ignore kar diya ❌

👉
Agar koi person jaan-bujhkar summons follow nahi karta, to:
Court next step leti hai:
1. Bailable Warrant
2. Phir Non-Bailable Warrant
⚠️Matlab:
Summons → Warrant (agar obey na kiya)

🟡 7. Simple Real-Life Example

Example:
Ramesh par minor offence ka case hai.
1️⃣Court ne summons bheja
2️⃣Ramesh nahi aaya
3️⃣Court ne bailable warrant issue kiya
4️⃣Ab Ramesh ko aana hi padega

🧠 5-Marks Exam Answer (Easy Language)

Summons ek court ka written process hai jiske dwara
kisi vyakti ko court ke saamne hazir hone ka adesh diya jata hai.
Ye process tab use hota hai jab court ko lagta hai
ki vyakti voluntarily appear karega.
Agar summons ka palan nahi kiya jata,
to court warrant issue kar sakti hai.

🔑 Yaad rakhne ka Formula

Appearance ke liye → Summons
Summons fail → Warrant
Agar aap chaho to main:
✔ Flow-chart bana du
✔ Only Hindi me likh du
✔ Summons vs Warrant difference

😊
✔ MCQs for exam practice

👍
bhi kar dunga
बस batao

👍
Warrant of arrest and Proclamation and Attachment (Section 63-93),
ठीक है

👉
अब Warrant of Arrest aur Proclamation & Attachment
BNSS, 2023 – Sections 63 to 93
को bilkul easy Hindi–Hinglish, step-by-step, exam-ready तरीके से समझते हैं 👇

🚔 Warrant of Arrest, Proclamation &

Attachment
(Sections 63–93, BNSS)

🔴 PART–A : WARRANT OF ARREST

(Sections 63–74)

🟡 1. Warrant of Arrest kya hota hai?

👉
jisme police ko kaha jata hai👇
Warrant of Arrest = Court ka written order

📌
“Is person ko arrest karke court ke saamne lao.”
Summons se zyada strong process hai.

🟡 2. Section 63 – Form of Warrant

Warrant me hona chahiye:
• Likhi hui form
• Court ka seal
• Magistrate ka sign
❌ Bina sign ya seal → invalid warrant.

🟡 3. Section 64 – Warrant ko kaun execute karega?

• Police officer
• Ya court dwara authorized koi aur person

🟡 4. Section 65 – Warrant kis jagah tak valid?

• Normally local jurisdiction me
• Lekin poore India me execute ho sakta hai (as per law)

🟡 5. Section 66 – Arrest ke time kya dikhana hoga?

Police ko:
✔ Warrant dikhana hoga

📌
✔ Substance (reason) batana hoga
Example:
“Tumhe cheating case me arrest kiya ja raha hai.”

🟡 6. Section 67 – Bail ke saath warrant

Agar warrant bailable hai:
• Arrest ke baad person bail par chhoot sakta hai

🟡 7. Section 68–74 (Short idea)

• Arrest ke baad court ke saamne produce
• Reasonable force allowed
• Female arrest rules apply
🔴 PART–B : PROCLAMATION &
ATTACHMENT
(Sections 75–93)

🟡 8. Proclamation kya hota hai? (Section 75)

Proclamation = Court ka public notice

👇
jab accused chhup jaata hai / bhaag jaata hai.

👉
Court bolti hai

📌
“Falana vyakti court ke saamne hazir ho jao.”
Notice:
• Public place par chipkaya jata hai
• Newspaper me bhi publish ho sakta hai

🟡
Jab:
9. Proclamation kab issue hoti hai?

✔ Warrant issue ho chuka ho

✔ Phir bhi accused nahi mil raha
⚠️Summons → Warrant → Proclamation (order yaad rakho)

🟡 10. Time limit

• Accused ko at least 30 days ka time diya jata hai appear karne ke liye.

🟡 11. Section 76–80 – Declared Absconder

Agar accused serious offence me:

📌
• Court usse proclaimed offender / absconder declare kar sakti hai.
Example:
Murder accused jo baar-baar bhaag raha hai.
🟡 12. Attachment of Property kya hota hai? (Section 81
onwards)

👉
Attachment = Accused ki property jabt kar lena
Pressure banane ke liye taaki wo court aaye.

🟡 13. Attachment kaise hoti hai?

• Moveable property seize
• Immovable property attach

📌
• Bank account freeze
Example:
Accused ka ghar ya gaadi attach kar di.

🟡 14. Agar accused aa jaaye?

✔ Proclamation cancel
✔ Property release ho sakti hai (court ke order se)

🟡
❌
15. Agar accused nahi aaye?
Property:
• Confiscate
• Ya auction

🧠 One-Line Exam Revision

Term Meaning
Summons Court aane ka request
Warrant Court ka arrest order
Proclamation Public notice to absconding accused
Attachment Property jabt karna

🧠 5–10 Marks Exam Answer (Simple)

Warrant of arrest ek court ka written order hota hai jiske dwara
kisi vyakti ko giraftar karke court ke saamne pesh kiya jata hai.
Jab accused warrant ke bawajood bhi court ke saamne hazir nahi hota,
 to court proclamation jari karti hai.
Agar phir bhi wo appear nahi kare,
to uski property attach ki ja sakti hai taaki use court ke saamne laya ja sake.

🔑 Yaad rakhne ka Formula (Most Important)

Summons → Warrant → Proclamation → Attachment

Agar aap chaho to main:

✔ Sirf Hindi me short notes
✔ Flow-chart diagram
✔ MCQs + answers

😊
✔ CrPC vs BNSS comparison

👍
bhi bana deta hoon
बस बताइए

👍
Attachment and Forfeiture of property (Section 94-124)
ठीक है

👉
अब Attachment and Forfeiture of Property को
BNSS, 2023 – Sections 94 to 124
bilkul easy Hindi–Hinglish, step-by-step aur exam-ready style me samjhte hain 👇

🏠 Attachment and Forfeiture of Property

(Sections 94–124, BNSS)
Main idea:

👉
Court ko power di gayi hai ki crime se judi property ko

👉 attach (temporarily jabt) kare

aur final stage par forfeit/confiscate (permanently le le)

🔴 PART–A : ATTACHMENT OF PROPERTY

(Sections 94 onwards)
🟡 1. Attachment kya hota hai?
Attachment = Property par court ka temporary control

📌
Owner bech, transfer ya use nahi kar sakta.
Purpose:
Accused par pressure banana + property ko secure rakhna.

🟡 2. Court attachment kab order karti hai?

Court attachment order karegi jab:
✔ Accused absconding / hiding ho
✔ Property crime se connected ho

📌
✔ Risk ho ki property sell / destroy kar di jayegi
Example:
Fraud ka accused bhaag gaya → uska flat attach kar diya.

🟡 3. Types of property jo attach ho sakti hai

🔹 Movable property
• Cash
• Vehicles
• Jewellery

🔹 Immovable property
• House
• Land
• Shop

🟡 4. Attachment ka procedure (Easy steps)

1️⃣Court written attachment order degi
2️⃣Police/authority property par notice lagayegi
3️⃣Use / sale par restriction lagegi
4️⃣Inventory (list) banayi jayegi
🟡 5. Third person ka right (Section 99–101 approx)
Agar property kisi innocent third person ki ho:
✔ Wo court me claim/objection file kar sakta hai
✔ Court inquiry karegi

📌
✔ Genuine case me property release ho sakti hai
Example:
Accused ki gaadi actually uske bhai ki hai → bhai claim karega.

🔴 PART–B : FORFEITURE OF PROPERTY

(Sections 102 onwards)

🟡 6. Forfeiture kya hota hai?

❌
Forfeiture = Property ka permanent transfer to State

📌
Owner ka koi right nahi bachta.
Attachment ≠ Forfeiture
Attachment temporary hai, forfeiture permanent.

🟡 7. Forfeiture kab hoti hai?

Court forfeiture order karegi jab:
✔ Property crime ka result ho (proceeds of crime)
✔ Court final judgment de de

📌
✔ Law me forfeiture allowed ho
Example:
Drug trafficking se kamaya paisa → State ke paas chala jayega.

🟡 8. Notice before forfeiture

⚠️Court:
• Owner ko notice degi
• Sunwai ka mauka degi
Natural justice follow hoti hai.
🟡 9. Disposal of forfeited property
Forfeited property:
• Government ke naam ho sakti hai
• Auction ho sakti hai
• Destroy ho sakti hai (illegal items)

🟡 10. Difference yaad rakhne ka trick

Attachment Forfeiture
🔑
Temporary Permanent
Trial se pehle Final decision ke baad
Ownership suspend Ownership khatam

🧠 5–10 Marks Exam Answer (Easy)

Attachment of property ka matlab hai kisi vyakti ki property ko
court ke order se temporarily jabt kar lena
taaki use becha ya chhupaya na ja sake.
Jab court final stage par ye paati hai
ki property crime se prapt hui hai,
to court us property ko forfeit kar sakti hai,
jisse wo State ki property ban jaati hai.

🔑 Yaad rakhne ka One-Line Formula

Absconding accused → Attachment
Crime proved → Forfeiture

✅ Final Revision Lines

• Attachment = pressure + protection
• Forfeiture = punishment + prevention
• Innocent owner ka right protected

Agar aap chaho to main:

✔ Only Hindi short notes
✔ Flow-chart diagram
✔ MCQs for practice

😊
✔ CrPC vs BNSS comparison

👍
bhi bana deta hoon
बस बताइए

👍
Information to the Police and their Powers to Investigate (Section 173-196)
ठीक है

👉
अब BNSS, 2023 के
Information to the Police and their Powers to Investigate (Sections 173–196)
को bilkul basic, easy Hindi–Hinglish, step-by-step, exam-ready तरीके से समझते हैं 👇

🚓 Information to Police & Powers to

Investigate
(Sections 173–196, BNSS)
Main idea:
Jab offence hota hai, to police ko information milti hai,
phir police investigation start karti hai –
FIR se lekar charge-sheet tak.

🔴 PART–A : INFORMATION TO POLICE

(Sections 173–177)

🟡 Section 173 – Information in cognizable cases (FIR)

Meaning:
Agar koi cognizable offence ho, to:
✔ Information oral ya written di ja sakti hai
✔ Police usse FIR ke roop me likhegi

📌
✔ Complainant ko free copy milegi
Example:
Mobile chori ho gaya → Police FIR likhegi.
🟡 Section 174 – Information in non-cognizable cases
Meaning:
Agar offence non-cognizable ho:

❌
✔ Police sirf daily diary me entry karegi

📌
Bina court permission investigation nahi karegi
Example:
Simple defamation → Court order chahiye.

🟡 Section 175 – Police investigation without court order

Meaning:
Cognizable offence me police:
✔ Bina Magistrate ke order investigation start kar sakti hai.

🟡 Section 176 – Police investigation: duty & power

Meaning:
Police ko:
✔ Evidence collect karna
✔ Witnesses ke statement lena
✔ Accused ko trace karna

🟡 Section 177 – Jurisdiction of police

Meaning:
Normally police wahi investigate karegi:

📌
✔ Jahan offence hua ho
Example:
Offence Delhi me hua → Delhi police.

🔴 PART–B : POWERS OF POLICE TO INVESTIGATE

(Sections 178–196)
🟡 Section 178 – Investigation in another area
Agar offence ka effect doosre area me ho:
✔ Police wahan bhi investigate kar sakti hai.

🟡 Section 179 – Examination of witnesses

Meaning:
Police:
✔ Kisi bhi person ko bula sakti hai

❌
✔ Jo facts jaanta ho
Women & minors ko police station me bulana restricted hai.

🟡 Section 180 – Statements to police

Meaning:

❌
✔ Statements likhe ja sakte hain
Person se jabardasti confession nahi liya ja sakta

🟡 Section 181 – Search by police

Meaning:
✔ Police evidence ke liye search kar sakti hai
✔ Legal procedure follow karna hoga

🟡 Section 182 – Seizure by police

Meaning:
✔ Police offence se related cheez seize kar sakti hai

📌
✔ Court ko report karna zaroori hai
Example:
Chori ka maal baramad → seize.
🟡 Section 183 – Medical examination
Meaning:
✔ Accused / victim ka medical exam karwa sakti hai
✔ Especially sexual offences me compulsory

🟡 Section 184 – Remand of accused

Meaning:
✔ Accused ko Magistrate ke saamne produce
✔ Police / judicial custody mil sakti hai

🟡 Section 185–189 – Case diary

Meaning:
✔ Police har step ka record rakhegi
✔ Court case diary dekh sakti hai

🟡 Section 190–196 – Report after investigation

Meaning:
Investigation complete hone ke baad police:
✔ Final report / Charge-sheet court me file karegi

📌
✔ Evidence + witnesses list hogi
Example:
Police ne proof mila → charge-sheet file.

🧠 FLOW-CHART (Yaad rakhne ke liye)

Offence → FIR → Investigation → Evidence → Arrest/Remand → Charge-sheet → Trial

🧠 5–10 Marks Exam Answer (Easy)

Sections 173–196 BNSS police ko offence ki information lene
aur investigation karne ki power dete hain.
Isme FIR likhna, evidence collect karna,
witnesses ke statements lena,
 seizure, medical examination,
aur ant me court me report file karna shamil hai.
Ye provisions justice ko ensure karte hain.

🔑 One-Line Revision
FIR se Charge-sheet tak ka poora police process = Sections 173–196

Agar aap chaho to main:

✔ Only Hindi short notes
✔ Flow-chart diagram
✔ MCQs with answers

😊
✔ CrPC vs BNSS comparison

👍
bhi bana deta hoon
बस बताइए