INTERNATIONAL UNIVERSITY

SCHOOL OF LANGUAGES INDEX 1

FINAL EXAMINATION
Sample Test Paper
Date: --/--/2025 Time: --:-- Offline Closed-book Exam
Duration: 90 minutes Semester 1, 2025 – 2026

SUBJECT: Critical thinking (PE008IU)

Approval by the School of Lecturers Checked by the Course
Languages Coordinator

Ms Đỗ Thị Diệu Ngọc (M.A.)

Dr. Vũ Hoa Ngân
Checked by the Head of the
Testing Board

Mr. Vũ Tiến Thịnh (M.A.)

Proctor 1 Proctor 2
Signature Signature

Full name: Full name:

STUDENT INFORMATION

Student name:

Student ID:

INSTRUCTIONS (100-point scale, equivalent to 50% of the course)

1. Purposes:
- Produce statements, Venn diagrams and truth tables to evaluate the validity of deductive arguments
(CLO2)
- Develop statements and arguments to evaluate claims and deductive & inductive arguments in written
and spoken forms (CLO3)
- Evaluate arguments containing logical fallacies of relevance and insufficient evidence (CLO4)
2. Requirements and Instructions:
- ONLY ONE HAND-WRITTEN A4 NOTE allowed
- No talking or sharing materials during the exam time
- No mobile phone or other electronic devices during the exam time
- No point given to question(s) with both choices marked as Selected and Reselected
- Test paper, answer sheet, scratch paper, and hand-written notes submitted at the end of the test
- Total pages: 12 (including this page)

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Choose the CORRECT option for each of the following questions.

SECTION 1: STATEMENTS AND EVALUATION OF DEDUCTIVE ARGUMENTS (2pts/each correct

answer)
1. What is the function of a copula in categorical logic?
a) To name a class serving as a subject term
b) To indicate a number of class items
c) To link the subject term and the predicate term
d) To name a class serving as a predicate term

2. “Whoever listens to lofi music is a lover of chill moments.”

Which of the following is the standard form of the categorical statement above?
a) No lovers of chill moments are listeners of lofi music.
b) All listeners of lofi music are lovers of chill moments.
c) All lovers of chill moments are listeners of lofi music.
d) Everyone who listens to lofi music are lovers of chill moments.

3. “Every student who retakes the quizzes for revision learns seriously (1).
There are students who do not retake the quizzes for revision (2).
So, not a student learns seriously (3).”
Which of the three statements can be translated into the standard form “No S are P”?
a) Statement (1)
b) Statement (2)
c) Statement (3)
d) None is correct

4. “Most teenagers love TikTok.”

Which of the following has the same standard categorical form as the statement above?
a) A few football players break the game’s rules.
b) If you‘re an American, you eat fast food.
c) Everyone in this group likes gossiping.
d) Not a single woman hates shopping.

5. “Many fans (F) review the movie on Facebook (R). These reviewers advertise the movie indirectly (A).
So, if you are a movie fan, you must advertise the movie indirectly.”
Which of the following is the best symbolic form of the argument above?
a) Some F are R. Some R are not A. So, all F are A.
b) Some F are not R. Some R are A. So, all F are A.
c) Some F are R. Some R are A. So, no F are A.
d) Some F are R. Some R are A. So, all F are A.

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6. Which of the following figures WRONGLY represents the categorical statement above it?
a) Not a single S is P c) There are some S that are not P

b) Every P is an S. d) A few S are P

7. “All A are B. Some C are not B. So, no A are C.”

Which of the following is the correct Venn diagram and validity of the argument above?
A. B.
a) Diagram A
b) Diagram B
c) Diagram C
d) Diagram D

C. D.

8. “A number of Covid patients (P) are students (S). All Covid patients (P) are online learners (L). So, there
are students who learn online.”
Which of the following is the best Venn diagram and validity assessment of the above argument?
A. B.
a) Diagram A
b) Diagram B
c) Diagram C
d) Diagram D

C. D.

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9. ~X v Y → Z
Which of the following is correct about the symbolic form above?
a) It only includes a disjunction and a conditional statement.
b) It includes a negation, a disjunction, and a conditional statement.
c) It is a symbolic argument with three variables.
d) It is a simple proposition for which we can only generate a truth table.
10. A → ~(B & C)
~A v B
∴CvB
Which of the following is correct about the symbolic form above?
a) The first line can also be written as A → ~B & ~C
b) The second line is the symbolic form of a conjunction and a negation.
c) It is a symbolic form of three compound propositions, not an argument.
d) It is an argument with three variables, and the conclusion is a disjunction.
11. “If we take courses in the summer (S), we can graduate sooner (G). It’s not the case that we take courses
in the summer, but we don’t graduate sooner.”
Which of the following is the symbolic form of the given text?

a) S → G b) S → G c) S → G d) S → G
~S & ~G ~S & G ~(S & ~G) ~(S v ~G)
12. “If you review the lessons well (R) and do well on the test (D), you will feel happy (F). It’s not the case
that you don’t review the lessons well, but you can do well on the test. So, you will feel happy if you do
well on the test”
Which of the following is the symbolic form of the given text?

a) R & D → F b) R & D → F c) R & D → F d) R & D → F

~R & ~D ~(~R & D) ~(R & ~D) ~R & D
∴D→F ∴D→F ∴F→D ∴F→D
13. Which column(s) contain(s) wrong value(s)?

a) 1 only
b) 1 and 3
c) 3 only
d) 3 and 4

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14. “If you check your answers carefully (C), you will feel confident after your submission (F). Either you
check your answers carefully, or you will not feel confident after your submission. So, you check your
answers carefully.”
Choose the correct truth table and validity check based on the argument above.

A. B.
a) Table A
b) Table B
c) Table C
d) Table D

C. D.

15. Which of the following is the correct symbolic form and conclusion from the argument and the truth
table?
“You can’t relax at night (R). If you pay attention in class (A), you don’t need to learn the lessons
again at night (L). So, you can relax at night if you pay attention in class.”

a) R b) ~R c) R d) ~R
A→L A → ~L A→L A → ~L
So, R → A So, A → R So, A → R So, A → R
Invalid Invalid Valid Valid

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SECTION 2: FALLACIES and INDUCTIVE REASONING (2 pts/each correct answer)
16. A: “It’s too bad that eight people have returned the gold that they looted. This action is illegal.”
B: “The looters are poor, so they need our understanding for their actions.”
Which fallacy may be found in the conversation?
a) Attacking the motive
b) Scare tactic
c) Red herring
d) Appeal to pity
17. A: “Stop skipping class so often. You’ll miss the lesson contents for the exam.”
B: “So what? You were absent last week, too. “
Which fallacy may this argument contain?
a) Personal attack
b) Look who’s talking (Tu Quoque)
c) Straw man
d) Two wrongs make a right
18. A: “Most audience in the music show are singing unmasked. Why should I still wear this useless mask?”
B: “If the audience didn’t sing well, the music show would be a failure.”
Which fallacy may NOT be found in the conversation above?
a) Bandwagon
b) Red herring
c) Begging the question
d) Loaded question
19. Tom: “Why don’t you clean your table after the meal? Please do it before you leave.”
Tim: “Dad also left the table uncleaned yesterday.”
Which fallacy may Tim commit?
a) Two wrongs make a right
b) No fallacy
c) Scare tactic
d) Attacking the motive
20. “Buy Givral moon cakes for this Mid-autumn Festival. All my colleagues are in love with this bakery
brand.” Which fallacy may this argument contain?
a) Red herring
b) Weak analogy
c) Bandwagon
d) Hasty generalisation
21. Fatty: “Don’t tell me to go on a diet. Feel free to starve yourself for a great look, dumb guy.”
Which fallacy may Fatty commit?
a) Scare tactic
b) Inappropriate appeal to authority
c) Two wrongs make a right
d) Personal attack

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22. “My neighbour’s family is not going on a vacation this summer. Clearly, the pandemic is still a big concern
for these cautious people.”
Which fallacy may this argument contain?
a) Attacking the motive
b) Bandwagon
c) Begging the question
d) Questionable cause
23. A: “You work like crazy. Slow down and enjoy yourself. Life is too short to work and work.”
B: “How dare you say I have mental problems? I’m not crazy! I’m not mad!”
Which fallacy may this conversation contain?
a) Straw man
b) Questionable cause
c) Red herring
d) Inappropriate appeal to authority
24. “Be careful with your MCQ Answer Sheet. Don’t unselect any choice or you’ll lose the points for it.”
Which fallacy may this text contain?
a) Slippery slope
b) Appeal to pity
c) False alternatives
d) Attacking the motive
25. “I’ve read two pages of this new book and seen about five spelling mistakes. This whole book is quite a
printing disaster.” Which fallacy may this argument contain?
a) Weak analogy
b) Hasty generalisation
c) Questionable cause
d) Appeal to ignorance
26. “I can’t find any logical mistake in this fallacious argument. So, this argument must be a good one.”
Which fallacy may this argument contain?
a) Appeal to ignorance
b) Inconsistency
c) Hasty generalisation
d) Slippery slope
27. “Don’t follow or comment on confessions pages. Writers on these pages are anonymous, so the more
interactions they see, the more excited they are, and they will post more offensive posts. There will be
plentiful doomed victims of cyberbullying.”
Which fallacy may this argument contain?
a) Bandwagon
b) Appeal to pity
c) Two wrongs make a right
d) Slippery slope
28. “The in-class midterm exam of the summer semester is just another quiz. It is proctored by the same class
teacher, and it also takes place during class time.”
Which fallacy may this argument contain?
a) Weak analogy
b) Hasty generalisation
c) No fallacy
d) Begging the question
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29. “I’ve just read a post on my ex-boyfriend’s page about how sad his current life is. It’s such a hopeless bait
that this loser threw to get me back!” Which fallacy may this argument contain?
a) Appeal to pity
b) Weak analogy
c) Attacking the motive
d) False alternatives
30. A: “My post-graduate brother is hotter than me. I’m just a college guy.”
B: “I see your point. A post-graduate has more degrees than an undergraduate. That’s why your brother
has a higher temperature.”
Which fallacy may this conversation contain?
a) False alternatives
b) Equivocation
c) Inconsistency
d) Look who’s talking
31. “My classmate told me that the final exam of Critical Thinking would test the contents of four chapters,
while five chapters are indicated in the syllabus. I have done a thorough review of all of these chapters.
His information obviously saves me some unnecessary review time.”
Which fallacy may this argument contain?
a) Appeal to ignorance
b) Bandwagon
c) Hasty generalisation
d) Inappropriate appeal to authority
32. A neighbour: “When will you stop polluting our shared residence with your musical tastes?”
Which fallacy may the neighbour commit?
a) Two wrongs make a right
b) Attacking the motive
c) Loaded question
d) Equivocation
33. An online customer to a shop owner: “I accidentally broke the vase when I was about to unbox it. Please
send me a replacement. It takes only one second for a one-star rating.”
Which fallacy may the student commit?
a) Look who’s talking
b) Attacking the motive
c) Scare tactic
d) Red herring
34. “The management must have recognised that our project is a perfect solution. I haven’t heard of them
giving any negative feedback, so all of their opinions must be positive.”
Which fallacy may this argument contain?
a) Appeal to ignorance
b) Weak analogy
c) Attacking the motive
d) Inappropriate appeal to authority

35. Son: “Half of the residents in our building are foreigners. So, if you meet a resident in our building, there’s
a fifty-fifty chance that the person is a foreigner, Dad.”
Dad: “What? You really think a foreigner is more of a chance to you than your father, don’t you? I’ve
given you everything you need, but you don’t see any chance at all?”
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 Which fallacy may the son commit?
a) Loaded question
b) Straw man
c) No fallacy
d) Equivocation
36. To evaluate the strength of a causal argument, which of the following must be considered?
a) Population size
b) Sample size
c) Reliability
d) Correlation
37. All the blonde women I know are pretty and intelligent. So, it must be true that all blonde women are
pretty and intelligent.” This illustrates a ________.
a) strong statistical argument
b) weak inductive generalisation argument
c) strong inductive generalisation argument
d) weak argument from analogy
38. “FIFA (Fédération Internationale de Football Association) issued a strict code of conduct ahead of the
Qatar World Cup 2022 with bans for non-compliance. Therefore, you must abide by the rules if you want
to enjoy your time watching the football matches there.”
This illustrates a ________.
a) weak predictive argument
b) strong argument from generalisation
c) weak argument from analogy
d) strong argument from authority
39. “Most countries in the world recognise the new version of the Vietnamese passport. All countries must
recognise the new version of the Vietnamese passport.”
Which of the following is BEST to increase the strength of the argument above?
a) Provide the names of the countries
b) Change “must” to “should probably”
c) Add a conclusion indicator
d) Change “Most” to “Many”
40. “Mr. Bean, a famous movie character, says that no philosopher has ever successfully resolved the
problem of evil. Therefore, no philosopher has ever successfully resolved the problem of evil.”
Which of the following is the best evaluation of the given argument?
a) I don’t accept it because it conflicts with background beliefs.
b) I accept it because it doesn't conflict with my personal experiences.
c) I don’t accept it because it comes from an inappropriate authority.
d) I accept it because it comes from a credible source.

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SECTION 3: DIAGRAMMING, STANDARDISATION and REFUTATION (2 pts/each correct answer)
Argument A:
(1) After the 2022 national high school exam in literature, the social media account Kaito Kid shouldn’t be
accused of administrative violations under the Government's Decree 15/2020 for “providing and sharing false,
fake, fabricated information, causing confusion among people and inciting violence”. (2) The Kaito Kid group
has members who are university students from HCMC. (3) The correct information shared about the exam is
merely a prediction based on personal perception and analysis, not false, fake, or fabricated information, so
(4) it does not cause confusion among people. Also, (5) a person is sanctioned with administrative violations
when there is evidence that this person has committed an administrative violation specified in a decree on
sanctioning administrative violations. However, (6) there are no signs that the Kaito Kid committed such an
unlawful act. Furthermore, (7) the social media account Kaito Kid page only refers to the test as The Boat
Beyond, not what the specific content of the test is about. Therefore, (8) it is impossible to attribute this as an
act of exposing the subject or providing misleading information.
41. Which of the following statement(s) is/are irrelevant in argument A?
a) No irrelevant statements
b) Statement (2) only
c) Statements (3) and (5)
d) Statements (2) and (7)
42. Which of the following options logically diagrams argument A?

A. B.

C. D.

Argument B:
(1) Young females, including college students, should not work as promotion girls or PGs. First, (2) this job
may lower students’ academic performance owing to the fact that (3) students may not have sufficient time
for their study with more than 20 hours a week at work in sales seasons. (4) It is important to note that Promo
girls are those who drive consumers to a brand or event by directly talking to potential customers about a
product or service. (5) Often, payment is commission based, so (6) the job does not guarantee the money. Also,
(7) many PGs on the job have to wear sexy costumes like a skimpy vest and hot pants bearing the company
logo. As a result, (8) appearance required on the job can be a major concern. (9) You can find images of PGs
in automobile or music shows. Last but not least, (10) many PGs have been victims of sex harassment in the
workplace.

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43. Which of the following statement(s) is/are irrelevant in argument B?
a) Statements (4) and (9)
b) Statement (4) only
c) Statement (9) only
d) Statements (9) and (10)

44. Which of the following options logically diagrams argument B?

A. B.

C. D.

45. Which of the following is a good paraphrase of the statement below?

“A university’s policy may support or interrupt its students’ progress if the management does not take students’
proper requests into consideration.”
a) A university’s policy can either aid or stop students' progress if the administration ignores their constant
requests.
b) If a university’s management disregards student requests, its policies will always disrupt students'
success.
c) A university’s policy can support or damage students' progress if the management overlooks any
students' requests.
d) A university's policy can help or hurt students' progress if the administration ignores their proper
requests.
46. “If employees wish to provide constructive feedback on any organisational issues, they should report it
to the leadership. The employees had constructive feedback on several issues within the organisation.
Therefore, they reported it to the leadership.”
Which of the following is correct about the argument above?
a) It is an inductive argument.
b) It has an unsound premise.
c) It is a valid argument.
d) It is not a syllogism.

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47. (1) On December 11, 2024, former South Korean Defence Minister Kim Yong Hyun attempted suicide
due to national unrest caused by his suggestion of a martial law decree. (2) He was charged in
connection with actions taken by President Yoon Suk Yeol, who was also arrested for his role in the
national unrest. (3) Kim Yong Hyun stated through his lawyer, “All responsibility for this situation is
entirely mine.”
Evaluate the given text and select an appropriate suggestion for a standardised argument.
a) Add the major premise before the statement (1), i.e. President Yoon Suk Yeol has been in office since
May 10, 2022.
b) Add a minor premise either before the statement (3), i.e. Both Defence Minister Kim Yong Hyun and
President Yoon Suk Yeol are high-ranking leaders of South Korea.
c) Add the conclusion after the statement (3), i.e. Therefore, given the charges on Kim Yong Hyun and
his own admission of responsibility, it is possible that President Yoon Suk Yeol may face less serious
legal consequences.
d) No more statement needs to be added; the given text is a valid and sound deductive argument.
48. “(1) Young students will read more books if there are reading events organised by their schools. (2) So,
Anna will read more books.”
Evaluate the given text and select an appropriate suggestion for a standardised argument.
a) Add a minor premise after statement (1), i.e. A book festival will be organised at Anna’s school soon.
b) Add the minor premise before the statement (2), i.e. Anna is a secondary school student.
c) Add the conclusion after statement (2), i.e. So, more reading events will be organised by schools.
d) No statement needs to be added or removed; the given text is a strong inductive argument with relevant
and sufficient support for the conclusion.
49. Person A: “A higher salary always leads to higher living standards.”
Person B: _____.
Which of the following is a counterexample to Person A’s claim?
a) Tim’s salary has been steady, but he has never complained about his living expenses.
b) Ann’s salary increased by 20%, but her housing and living expenses rose by 30%
c) Mary’s moved to a bigger apartment, and she expected her salary to rise by 40%.
d) Jack does not work too hard in his job, though his salary went up by 50%.
50. “Pets are only problems to humans. Don’t make them your bosses at home!”
Which of the following questions can be asked to refute the argument above?
a) Why don’t you think people are also a problem for pets, huh?
b) Do you spend enough time with them? They are so cute, aren’t they?
c) Don’t you see people raising more and more pets on farms to make money?
d) How about pets raised for therapy? Can their cuteness help reduce your stress?

END OF THE TEST

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