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Class 12 Chemistry Solutions Guide

The document outlines key concepts in solutions for Class 12 Chemistry, including types of solutions (gaseous, liquid, solid), concentration terms (mass %, volume %, molarity), and solubility principles. It discusses Henry's Law, Raoult's Law, and colligative properties such as boiling point elevation and freezing point depression. Additionally, it differentiates between ideal and non-ideal solutions and introduces the concept of abnormal molar mass through the Van’t Hoff factor.

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9 views1 page

Class 12 Chemistry Solutions Guide

The document outlines key concepts in solutions for Class 12 Chemistry, including types of solutions (gaseous, liquid, solid), concentration terms (mass %, volume %, molarity), and solubility principles. It discusses Henry's Law, Raoult's Law, and colligative properties such as boiling point elevation and freezing point depression. Additionally, it differentiates between ideal and non-ideal solutions and introduces the concept of abnormal molar mass through the Van’t Hoff factor.

Uploaded by

pranavvv000
Copyright
© All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd

SHORT NOTES – SOLUTIONS (Class 12 Chemistry, CBSE)

1. Types of Solutions
- Gaseous: Gas in gas (air)
- Liquid: Gas/Liquid/Solid in liquid (soda water, sugar in water)
- Solid: Solid in solid (alloys)

2. Concentration Terms
- Mass %, Volume %, ppm
- Mole fraction (χ)
- Molarity (M)
- Molality (m)

3. Solubility
- Solid in liquid ↑ with temperature
- Gas in liquid ↓ with temperature, ↑ with pressure

Henry’s Law: p = kH × x

4. Raoult’s Law
- PA = χA × P°A
- Ideal solutions: ∆H = 0, ∆V = 0
- Non-ideal: Positive/Negative deviation

5. Colligative Properties
- Relative lowering of vapour pressure
- Elevation of boiling point: ∆Tb = Kb × m
- Depression of freezing point: ∆Tf = Kf × m
- Osmotic pressure: π = CRT

6. Abnormal Molar Mass


- Van’t Hoff factor (i)

7. Ideal vs Non-Ideal Solutions


- Ideal: Obeys Raoult’s law
- Non-Ideal: Deviations, ∆H ≠ 0

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