MECHANICAL PROPERTIES OF FLUIDS

PASCAL’S LAW
1. Two syringes of different cross-sections filled with water are connected with a tightly
fitted rubber tube filled with water. Diameters of smaller piston & larger piston are 1cm & 3cm
respectively. (a) Find force exerted on larger piston when a force of 10 N is applied to smaller
piston. (b) If smaller piston is pushed in through 6cm, how much does larger piston move out?
(90N, 0.67cm)
2. Two pistons of hydraulic press have diameters of 3cm & 2.5cm. What is force exerted by
larger piston, when 50kg wt. is placed on the smaller piston? If stroke of smaller piston is 4cm,
through what distance will larger piston move after 10 strokes? (7200 kg wt, 0.28cm)
3. A hydraulic press can lift 100 kg when a mass 'm' is placed on smaller piston. It can lift
____kg when diameter of larger piston is increased by 4 times & that of smaller piston is
decreased by 4 times keeping same mass 'm' on smaller piston. (25,600 kg) [JEE Main Feb 21]
EFFECT OF GRAVITY ON FLUID PRESSURE

4. A U-tube contains water and methylated spirit separated by mercury. The mercury
columns in two arms are in level with 10cm of water in one arm and 12.5 cm of spirit in the
other. What is specific gravity of spirit? (0.8)
5. In previous question, if 15cm of water and spirit each are further poured into the respective
arms of the tube, what is the difference in the levels of mercury in the two arms? Specific
gravity of mercury = 13.6. (0.221cm)
6. A vertical U-tube of uniform inner cross-section contains mercury in both of its arms. A
glycerine (density 1.3g/cm3) column of length 10 cm is introduced into one of the arms. Oil of
density 0.8 g/cm3 is poured in other arm until the upper surfaces of the oil and glycerine are in
the same horizontal level. Find the length of the oil column. [IIT](Ans. 9.6 cm)
7. At a depth of 1000 m in an ocean (a) What is the absolute pressure? (b) What is the gauge
pressure? (c) Find the force acting on the window of area 20 cm x 20 cm of a submarine at this
depth, the interior of which is maintained at sea-level atmospheric pressure. (The density of sea
water is1.03 x 103 kg/m3 ,g = 10 m/s2) (104atm, 103atm, 4.12x105N)
8. A tank with a square base of area 1m2 is divided by a vertical partition in the middle. The
bottom of the partition has a small hinged door of area 20 cm2. The tank is filled with water in
one compartment, and an acid (of relative density 1.7) in the other, both to a height of 4m.
Compute the force necessary to keep the door closed. (Ans. 54.88N)
SURFACE TENSION & SURFACE ENERGY
9. A mercury drop of radius 1cm is sprayed into 106 droplets of equal size. Calculate the
energy expended. Surface tension of mercury = 32×10-2N/m? (0.0398J)

10. A liquid drop of diameter 4 mm breaks into 1000 droplets of equal size. Calculate resultant
change in surface energy, surface tension of the liquid is 0.07 N/m. (3168x 10-8J)

11. A soap film is on a rectangular wire ring of size 5cm x4 cm. If the size of the film is
changed to5 cm x 5 cm, then calculate the work done in this process. The surface tension of
soap film is 5x10-2 N/m (Ans. 5 × 10-5J)
 EXCESS PRESSURE

12. What should be the pressure inside a small air bubble of 0.1 mm radius, situated just below
the surface? Surface tension of water =7.2x10-2 N/m and atmospheric pressure = 1.013 ×
105N/m2. (1.027x105N/m2)
13. Two soap bubbles have radii in the ratio 2: [Link] the excess of pressure inside these
bubbles. Also compare the works done in blowing these bubbles. (3:2, 4:9)
14. Calculate the total pressure inside a spherical bubble of radius 0.2 mm formed inside water
at a depth of 10 cm. Surface tension of water at a depth of 10 cm is 70 dyne/cm , barometric
pressure is 76 cm, density of mercury is 13.6 g/cm3 and g = 980 cms-2. (Ans. 1029728 dyne/
cm2)
ASCENT FORMULA
15. Water rises in a capillary tube to a height of 2cm. In another capillary whose radius is
one-third of it, how much the water will rise? If the first capillary is inclined at an angle of 60°
with the vertical, then what will be the position of water in the tube? (6cm, 4cm)
16. Calculate the diameter of a capillary tube in which mercury is depressed by 1.21 cm. Given
surface tension for mercury is 540×10-3N/m, angle of contact with glass is 140° and density of
mercury is 13.6 x 103 kg/m3. Use cos 140 = -0.7660 (Ans. 1.026×10-3m)
VISCOSITY

17. The velocity of water in a river is 18 km/h near the surface. If river is 5m deep, find
shearing stress between horizontal layers of water. Coefficient of viscosity of water = 10-3
decapoise. (10-3N/m2)
18. The velocity of upper layer of water in a river is 36 km/h. Shearing stress between
horizontal layers of water is 10-3N/m2. Depth of the river is…..m.(Co-efficient of viscosity of
water is 10-3Pa-s) [JEE Main June 22](10 m)
TERMINAL VELOCITY

19. Eight rain drops of radius 1 mm each falling down with terminal velocity of 5 cm/s
coalesce to form a bigger drop. Find the terminal velocity of the bigger drop.[Delhi 20; Central
Schools 14] 20cm/s
20. A water drop of radius 1µm falls in a situation where the effect of buoyant force is
negligible. Coefficient of viscosity of air is 1.8 x 10-5 Ns/m2 & its density is negligible as
compared to that of water 106 g/m3 Find the terminal velocity of the water drop.(Take
acceleration due to gravity = 10 m/s2) [JEE Main June 22](Ans. 123.4 × 10-6 m/s)
21. An air bubble of diameter 6 mm rises steadily through a solution of density 1750 kg/m3 at
the rate of 0.35 cm/s. The co-efficient of viscosity of the solution (neglect density of air) is —
Pas.(Given g = 10m/s2) JEE Main April 23](Ans. 10 Pas)
CRITICAL VELOCITY & REYNOLDS NUMBER
22. Water is flowing in a pipe of radius 1.5 cm with an average velocity of 15 cm/[Link] is the
nature of flow ? Given coefficient of viscosity of water is 10-3kg/ m/s and its density is 103
kg/m3 (Ans. R. = 4500 > 3000, flow is turbulent)
23. Water flows at a speed of 6 cm/s' through a pipe of tube of radius 1cm. Coefficient of
viscosity of water at room temperature is 0.01 poise. What is the nature of flow?(Ans. R. =
1200 < 2000, so flow is laminar)
 EQUATION OF CONTINUITY &
BERNOULLI’s PRINCIPLE

24. Water flows through a horizontal pipe whose internal diameter is 2 cm, at a speed of 1m/s.
What should be diameter of nozzle, if water is to emerge at a speed of 4m/s? (1cm)

25. A garden hose having an internal diameter 2cm is connected to a lawn sprinkler that
consists of an enclosure with 24 holes, each 0.125 cm in diameter. If water in the hose has a
speed of 90 cm/s, find speed of the water leaving the sprinkler holes. (Ans. 9.6 m/s)

26. In a test experiment on a model aeroplane in wind tunnel, the flow speeds on the upper and
lower surfaces of the wings are 70m/s & 65m/s respectively. If the wing area is 2m2, the lift of
the wings is….N. (Given: Density of air = 1.2 kg/ m3) (JEE Main Jan 24] ( 810 N)

27. A plane is in level flight at constant speed and each of its two wings has an area of 40 m2. If
the speed of the air is 180 km/h over the lower wing surface and 252 km/h over the upper wing
surface, the mass of the plane is…kg. (Take air density to be 1 kg/ m3 and g = 10 m/s2)
(Delhi 20; JEE Main Jan 24] (9600kg)
28. The reading of pressure meter attached with a closed pipe is 3.5x105N/[Link] opening the
valve of the pipe, the reading of the pressure meter is reduced to 3.0× 105 N/m2. Calculate the
speed of the water flowing in the pipe. (10m/s)

29. Water is flowing through two horizontal pipes of different diameters which are connected
together. In first pipe speed of water is 4m/s & pressure is 2x 104 N/m2. Calculate speed &
pressure of water in second pipe. The diameters of pipes are 3 cm and 6 cm respectively.
(1m/s, 2.75x104 N/m2)
30. The cross-sectional area of water pipe entering the basement is 4x 10-4 m2. The pressure at
this point is 3 x 105 N/m2 and speed of water is 2 m/s . This pipe tapers to a cross-sectional area
of 2 x 10-4m2 when it reaches the second floor 8m above. Calculate speed and pressure at the
second floor. ( 4m/s, 2.156x105 N/m2)