Arab Academy for Science and Maritime Transport
Course: Applied Statistics
SLEEP-HEALTH AND LIFESTYLE DATASET
Prepared by:
Hebatullah Magdy
Manar Abdel Nasser
Amira Hemdan
Submitted to: Dr. Nermin Gohar
SLEEP-HEALTH AND LIFESTYLE DATASET:
In our fast-paced world, understanding the factors that influence sleep duration and quality
is essential for health and well-being. This study examines the impact of stress levels, heart
rate, and daily physical activity on sleep patterns. Research indicates that these factors can
significantly affect sleep, potentially leading to serious health issues.
Increased stress levels can elevate heart rate, and together with ignoring daily activities,
represented by daily steps, can exacerbate these effects. Poor sleep quality and insufficient
sleep duration have been linked to numerous health problems, including cardiovascular
diseases, weakened immune function, and mental health disorders.
By analyzing these variables, we aim to uncover patterns that could provide insights into
improving sleep quality and overall health. Using a diverse dataset, this research seeks to
identify significant predictors of sleep duration and understand the interplay between these
health metrics. The findings could offer valuable guidance for individuals and healthcare
providers looking to enhance sleep quality and mitigate associated health risks.
Name OF VARIABLES:
X1------- [Link]
X2------- Gender (1 = Male, 2 = Female)
X3------- Age
X4------- Occupation (1 = Software E, 2 = Doctor, 3 =Sales Repr, 4= Teacher, 5=Nurse, 6=Lawyer,
7=Engineer, 8=Accountant)
X5------- Sleep Duration
X6------- Quality of sleep
X7------- Physical activity
X8------- Stress level
X9------- BMI (1 = Normal, 2 = Underweight, 3 = Overweight,4=Obese)
X10------- Heart rate
X11------- Daily steps
X12------- sleep disorder (1 = None, 2 = Insomnia, 3 = Sleep Apnea)
TYPES OF VARIABLES:
Categorical: explain (Nominal/ ordinal) -- Frequency tables and charts
[Link] -Nominal
Gender -- Nominal
Occupation -- Nominal
BMI -- ordinal
Sleep Disorder – Nominal
Numerical: explain (Discrete/ Continous ) – Central Tendency, Dispersion, Outliers, Boxplot and
Normality, Correlation and Regression (multiple regression)
Age [Link] [Link]
[Link] [Link] [Link]
[Link]
Measures of central tendency and measures of dispersion :
(mean, median, mode, variance, standard deviation, minimum, maximum, and range) were
calculated for all scale variables as follows:
Box Plot and Normality tests:
Independent:
Heart rate
Box Plot: No outliers, therefore we can use mean to measure data center and St. Deviation for
measures of dispersion
Normality test: Skewness and kurtosis are in normal range between 1 and -1 (.569, -.558)
stress level
Box Plot: There is one outlier but it can be accepted or ignored according to boxplot, therefore
we can use mean to measure data center and St. Deviation for measures of dispersion
OR:
Use median to measure data center and IQR for measures of dispersion
Normality test: Skewness and kurtosis are not in normal range as it’s not between 1 and -1
(-1.158, 1.055), the curve is skewed to the left.
daily steps
Box Plot: No outliers, therefore we can use mean to measure data center and St. Deviation for
measures of dispersion
Normality test: Skewness and kurtosis are in normal range between 1 and -1 (-.151, -.702)
Dependent:
Sleep duration
Box Plot: No outliers, therefore we can use mean to measure data center and St. Deviation for
measures of dispersion
Normality test: Skewness and kurtosis are in normal range between 1 and -1 (.176, -.946)
Correlation:
1- Sleep duration and heart rate:
- Since both variables are numerical and normal, therefore we will use Pearson
correlation.
1st: There is a significant relation between the two variables as P is less than .05 (.045),
and this means that r ≠ zero.
2nd: (r = -.285), refers to a weak negative relation between sleep duration and heart rate.
2- Sleep duration and Stress level:
- Since both variables are numerical but one of them isn’t normal (Stress level), Therefore
we will use Spearman correlation.
- 1st: There is a significant relation between the two variables as P is less than .05 (.003),
and this means that r ≠ zero.
- 2nd: (r = -.407), refers to a moderate negative relation between sleep duration and stress
level.
3- Sleep duration and daily steps:
- Since both variables are numerical and normal, therefore we will use Pearson
correlation.
1st: There is insignificant relation between the two variables as P is more than .05 (.904),
and this means that r = zero.
Regression:
1- Sleep duration and heart rate:
- There is a significant impact of heart rate on sleep duration as P is less than .05 (.045),
and this means that β ≠zero.
- Heart rate has negative impact on sleep duration as β (slope) = -.029.
- The impact is equal to 8.1% as r 2= .081
2- Sleep duration and Stress level:
- There is a significant impact of Stress level on sleep duration as P is less than .05 (.004),
and this means that β ≠zero.
- Stress level has negative impact on sleep duration as β (slope) = -.194
- The impact is equal to 16.1% as r 2= .161
3- Sleep duration and daily steps: No Impact as there is no relation according to correlation.
Multiple Regression:
There is significant negative impact of heart rate and stress level on sleep duration as their
relations are negatively sloped by:
- heart rate (β = -.029)
- stress level (β = -.195)
Compare means:
1- sleep duration & sleep disorder:
The dependent variable will be sleep duration(Normal), and the categorical independent
variable will be sleep disorder.
• Since we have More than 2 Categories, therefore we will use One way ANOVA
• P-value = 0.184 >0.05 Therefore, we can confidently accept the null hypothesis,
which states that there is no significant difference in sleep duration according to sleep
disorder.
2- sleep
duration &
BMI:
The dependent variable will be sleep duration (Normal) and, and the categorical independent
variable will be BMI.
• Since we have More than 2 Categories, therefore we will use One way ANOVA
• P-value = 0.411>0.05 Therefore, we can confidently accept the null hypothesis, which
states that there is no significant difference in sleep duration according to BMI.
Conclusion
"In conclusion, this study demonstrates the negative impact of stress levels and heart rate on
sleep duration. Increased stress affects the body physiologically, elevating the heart rate, which
in turn negatively affects sleep duration. These findings highlight the importance of managing
stress and heart rate to improve overall health”.