CHAPTER - 4
CHEMICAL KINETICS INTEXT
SOLUTIONS
Question 4.1:
For the reaction R → P, the concentration of a reactant changes from 0.03 M to 0.02 M in
25 minutes. Calculate the average rate of reaction using units of time both in minutes and
seconds.
Answer
Average rate of reaction
= 6.67 × 10−6 M s−1
Question 4.2:
In a reaction, 2A → Products, the concentration of A decreases from 0.5 mol L −1 to 0.4
mol L−1 in 10 minutes. Calculate the rate during this interval?
Answer
Average rate
1
= 0.005 mol L−1 min−1
= 5 × 10−3 M min−1
Question 4.3:
For a reaction, A + B → Product; the rate law is given by, . What is the
order of the reaction?
Answer
The order of the reaction
= 2.5
Question 4.4:
The conversion of molecules X to Y follows second order kinetics. If concentration of X is
increased to three times how will it affect the rate of formation of Y?
Answer
The reaction X → Y follows second order kinetics.
Therefore, the rate equation for this reaction will be:
Rate = k[X]2 (1)
Let [X] = a mol L−1, then equation (1) can be written as:
Rate1 = k .(a)2
2
= ka2
If the concentration of X is increased to three times, then [X] = 3a mol L−1
Now, the rate equation will be:
Rate = k (3a)2
= 9(ka2)
Hence, the rate of formation will increase by 9 times.
Question 4.5:
A first order reaction has a rate constant 1.15 10 −3 s−1. How long will 5 g of this reactant
take to reduce to 3 g?
Answer
From the question, we can write down the following information:
Initial amount = 5 g
Final concentration = 3 g
Rate constant = 1.15 10−3 s−1
We know that for a 1st order reaction,
= 444.38 s
= 444 s (approx)
Question 4.6:
Time required to decompose SO2Cl2 to half of its initial amount is 60 minutes. If the
decomposition is a first order reaction, calculate the rate constant of the reaction.
3
Answer
We know that for a 1st order reaction,
It is given that t1/2 = 60 min
Question 4.7:
What will be the effect of temperature on rate constant?
Answer
The rate constant of a reaction is nearly doubled with a 10° rise in temperature. However,
the exact dependence of the rate of a chemical reaction on temperature is given by
Arrhenius equation,
Where,
A is the Arrhenius factor or the frequency factor
T is the temperature
R is the gas constant
Ea is the activation energy
Question 4.8:
4
The rate of the chemical reaction doubles for an increase of 10 K in absolute temperature
from 298 K. Calculate Ea.
Answer
It is given that T1 = 298 K
T2 = (298 + 10) K
= 308 K
We also know that the rate of the reaction doubles when temperature is increased by 10°.
Therefore, let us take the value of k1 = k and that of k2 = 2k
Also, R = 8.314 J K−1 mol−1
Now, substituting these values in the equation:
We get:
= 52897.78 J mol−1
= 52.9 kJ mol−1
Note: There is a slight variation in this answer and the one given in the NCERT textbook.
Question 4.9:
The activation energy for the reaction
2HI(g) → H2 + I2(g)
is 209.5 kJ mol−1 at 581K. Calculate the fraction of molecules of reactants having energy
equal to or greater than activation energy?
5
Answer
In the given case:
Ea = 209.5 kJ mol−1 = 209500 J mol−1
T = 581 K
R = 8.314 JK−1 mol−1
Now, the fraction of molecules of reactants having energy equal to or greater than
activation energy is given as: