PA R A P H R A S I N G
IT1080- ENGLISH FOR
ACADEMIC PURPOSES
L E A R N I N G O U TC O M E S
Understand the
Define what
importance of
paraphrasing is
paraphrasing
Identify the techniques Write a paraphrase for a
of paraphrasing given text
W H AT I S A
PA R A P H R A S E ?
• an expression of
a statement or text in other
words, esp in order to clarify
[Link]
ictionary/english/paraphrase
I M P O R TA N C E O F P A R A P H R A S I N G
To provide justification to your point
To avoid plagiarism without over quoting
Proves a level of understanding of the original text
T I P S F O R PA R A P H R A S I N G
Source:
[Link]
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The work of X X reports that . . . Research by X
indicates that . . . suggests that . . .
The work of X reveals X concludes that . . . A study by X shows that
that . . . ...
The work of X shows X argues that . . . X discovered that . . .
that . . .
PA R A P H R A S I N G T E C H N I Q U E S
Use synonyms
Use different parts of speech and different word order
Change the sentence type
Change from Quoted Speech to Indirect Speech
Change active voice to passive voice or vice versa
Interpret Meaning Identify the underlying meaning of a statement.
USE SYNONYMS
• Using appropriate synonyms is the most important paraphrasing skill.
• Refer to a thesaurus or dictionary but pay attention to usage.
• Not all words that are synonyms are used in the same way or have the same
meaning.
• Don’t use synonyms for specialist terms (jargons)
• Central Processing Unit
Essential treating item
• The stallion was content with the mare.
• The stallion was happy with the mare.
When You can’t find a Synonym …
Replace the original word with a definition.
The stallion was content with the mare.
The male horse was happy with the female horse.
U S E D I F F E R E N T PA RT S O F S P E E C H
AND DIFFERENT
WORD ORDER
• Consider changing words into different part of speech (e.g. changing
nouns into verbs or adjectives into adverbs). Doing so will involve
changing the sentence structure.
Noun Verb Adjective Adverb
Increase Increase Increase Increasing / increasingly
increased
Management management manage managed /
managerial
EXAMPLE
• Angela is an accurate typist.
• Angela types accurately.
CHANGE THE SENTENCE TYPE
• Sentences can be changed by altering:
• word order
• the number of clauses in a sentence
• the kind of clauses in a sentence
• the kind of linking words used
• After he ate lunch, Sean took a nap.
• After eating lunch, Sean took a nap.
• The house that is across the street is old.
• The house across the street is old.
• Although it was raining, Vincy walked to work.
• It was raining, but Vincy walked to work.
• It was raining; however, Vincy walked to work.
C H A N G E F RO M Q U OT E D S P E E C H
TO I N D I R E C T S P E E C H
• Mrs. Mamac, “I am ready for lunch.”
• Mrs. Mamac said she was ready for lunch.
C H A N G E AC T I V E VO I C E TO
PA S S I V E VO I C E O R V I C E V E R S A
• Active voice = subject + verb
Students organized a debating competition in 2019.
• Passive voice = to be + past participle
A debating competition was organized by the students in 2019.
• A hotel employee will carry your bags.
• Your bags will be carried by a hotel employee.
• The report was presented by her.
• She presented the report.
INTERPRET MEANING IDENTIFY THE
U N D E R LY I N G M E A N I N G O F A
S T A T E M E N T.
• Anna, “I am ready for lunch.”
• Anna complained about being hungry.
D E C I D E W H I C H PA R A P H R A S E I S
BETTER.
• Adverts are a major part of everyday life.
• Paraphrase 1
• Advertising is an important feature of daily life.
• Paraphrase 2
• The influence of adverts can be felt in all aspects of our lives.
D E C I D E W H I C H PA R A P H R A S E I S
BETTER.
• Adverts for the soft drink, Tango, have recently been banned for possibly
encouraging playground bullying.
Paraphrase 1
• Advertising for the fizzy drink, Tango, have been disallowed recently for
potentially leading to school bullying.
Paraphrase 2
• A ban on Tango adverts has been implemented recently, as some felt the
content could encourage school bullies.
D E C I D E W H I C H PA R A P H R A S E I S
BETTER.
Opinion is divided over what impact, if any, advertising has on children. What is beyond question is
that many people, parents in particular are worried about its effects. 88% of Swedes supported their
government’s ban on children’s TV adverts in 1991 (Willows, 2009) while 36% of adults in the UK
thought that advertising was damaging to their children (Sidle, 2011).
There is little agreement on the effect of advertising on children, though it is undoubtedly a concern,
especially for parents. When Sweden banned children’s TV adverts in 1991, 88% of the population
supported the decision (Willows, 2009), while in the UK, over a third of adults thought advertising
could damage their children (Sidle, 2011).
Views vary on what possible effect advertising can have on the young. What is without doubt is that
most people, especially parents, are concerned about the impact. 88% of Swedish people were in
favour of their government’s ban on advertising on children’s television (Willows, 2009), and in the
UK, 36% of adults believed adverts were harmful to their offspring (Sidle, 2011).
LET’S PRACTICE.
• Paraphrase each part of this sentence in three different
ways.
It is not illegal in some cultures to be married to more than
one woman, but the monogamous relationship is the most
common.
LET’S PRACTICE.
• Paraphrase each part of this sentence in three different ways.
Some 10 million girls a year are married off before the age of 18 across
the world, according to a UNICEF report released this year.
REFERENCES
• Gillett, A. (2009). Using English for Academic Purposes. Retrieved from
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• [Link]
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T H A N K YO U !