Modular Integrated Curricuîum 2K23

BLOCK-02
 MODULE NO. 03:
MUSCULOSKELETAL &
LOCOMOTION-1

137
 MODULE RATIONALE

The musculoskeletal system comprises the bones, muscles, cartilage, tendons, ligaments, and
other connective tissues that provide the framework, support, and movement of the body. The initial
learning activities will help in understanding the normal structure, development, and normal
physiological mechanisms of the organs of the system. This will help in better understanding the
possible pathological conditions of the system, including common injuries, diseases, and disorders
that affect it, followed by discussion on some important group of drugs used for treatment and/or
prevention of these conditions (administration route, mechanism of action and side effects). The
impact of musculoskeletal diseases on society and the effect of ageing on occurrence of
musculoskeletal diseases will be discussed. Emphasis has been given to
incorporate deranged laboratory and imaging findings into the clinical problem solving.

MODULE OUTCOMES
 Develop an understanding of the fundamental components of the musculoskeletal system.
 Explain the development of the structure & function of the musculoskeletal components of
limbs, back & correlate it with organization and gross congenital anomalies of the limbs.
 Identify the anatomical features of bones, muscles & neurovascular components of the
limbs with clinical correlation.
 Describe how injury and disease alter the Musculoskeletal structure & function.
 Integrate concepts relating to various metabolic processes, their disorders and relevant
lab investigations in the study of human Musculoskeletal system.
 Describe the role of the limbs (upper/lower) in musculoskeletal support, stability, and
movements.
 Describe the types, formation, stability, function & clinical significance of joints of the upper
and lower limb.
 Describe the basic histology of muscle fibers including their molecular structure
(Sarcomere).
 Explain the mechanism of excitation and contraction of skeletal and smooth muscles.
 Discuss the psychosocial impact of musculoskeletal diseases in society.

138
THEMES
 Pectoral Region & Axilla
 Upper limb
 Pelvic Girdle
 Lower Limb

CLINICAL RELEVANCE

 Congenital anomalies of limb

 Joint Dislocation
 Fracture
 Multiple Sclerosis, Astrocytoma, Alzheimer’s Disease
 Myopathy, Muscular Dystrophy

139
 IMPLEMENTATION TORs

The time calculation for completion of modules and blocks is based on 35 hours per week.
Total hours of teaching, learning and formative/summative internal assessment to be
completed in a year are 1200.
The hours mentioned within each module are the mandatory minimum required. The rest
of the hours are left to the discretion of the institution that can be used in teaching, learning
and assessment as per decision of the institutional academic council.
The content and the intended learning outcomes written are mandatory, to be taught, at the
level required, as the end year assessment will be based on these.
However, the level of cognition can be kept at a higher level by the institution.
The Table of Specifications provided will be used for the three papers of the first
professional examination. The same table of specifications should be used for the
respective three block exams for internal assessment.

140
 SYLLABUS OF
MUSCULOSKELETAL
& LOCOMOTION-1
MODULE

141
 NORMAL STRUCTURE
THEORY
GROSS ANATOMY TOTAL HOURS = 105
CODE
SPECIFIC LEARNING OUTCOMES DISCIPLINE TOPIC

UPPER LIMB
Describe the topographical anatomy of Pectoral
Region
Perform dissection of the Pectoral Region or use Human Pectoral
MS-A-001
models to identify the key structures Anatomy Region

Describe muscles of the Pectoral Region with their

origin, insertion, nerve supply and actions.
Describe the cutaneous nerves. and Superficial veins Human
Dermatomes
of the Upper Limb. Anatomy
MS-A-002 and cutaneious
Describe the extent, attachments, and structures innervation of
Human
Upper Limb
passing through Clavipectoral Fascia Anatomy

Define the boundaries of auscultation and state Integrate with

its clinical significance Medicine

Describe the osteology of the bones in pectoral

region.
Enumerate the superficial muscles of back,
connecting shoulder girdle with vertebral column.

Describe the Pectoral region

MS-A-003 &
1. Attachments
2. Nerve supply Human Back
Anatomy
Actions of Trapezius, Latissimus Dorsi, Rhomboid
major and minor.
Mention the neurovascular supply of pectoral region
and Correlate with important clinical conditions.
Describe superficial muscles of the back with their
origin, insertion, nerve supply and actions.
Describe the Osteology of Clavicle Bones of
Upper
MS-A-004 (Morphological features, side determination, Human
Limb: Clavicle
Anatomy
attachments, ossification) &
Scapula
142
 Describe the correlates functions of Clavicle (clavicle
fracture, its role in terms of weight transmission of
upper limb, compression of neurovascular structures)
Describe the Osteology of Scapula (morphological
features, attachments, ossification)
Determine the side and identify the landmarks of
scapula
Describe the movements of Scapula
associated with movements of Shoulder Girdle
Tabulate the muscles of scapular region and give
their attachments, nerve supply and action
Tabulate the attachments, origin, insertion,
innervation, and actions of Anterior Axio-appendicular
Muscles
Bones of
Describe the Sternoclavicular Joint in terms of
thorax, Joints
MS-A-005 articulating surfaces, ligaments, articular disc, nerve Human of Upper Limb:
supply. Anatomy Sternoclavicula
r Joint
Develop clear concepts of the topographical anatomy
of Axilla and its contents
Describe the boundaries of Axilla. (Identification of
muscles forming the boundaries of axilla)
Human
List the contents of Axilla Anatomy

Perform dissection/ Identify the Axilla and its contents

Describe Axillary Artery with reference to its 3 parts
their relations, branches, and anastomoses
MS-A-006 Describe the formation, tributaries, and drainage of Axila
Axillary Vein
Identify and demonstrate the course/ relation and
branches/tributaries of axillary vessels
Human
Describe the Axillary Lymph Nodes in terms of
Anatomy
location, grouping, areas of drainage and clinical
significance
Describe the course, relations, root value and
distribution of Axillary nerve.

143
 Describe the boundaries and contents of
quadrangular space.
Describe the Osteology of Humerus (Side
Bones of upper
MS-A-007 Determination, morphological features, attachments,
limb: Humerus
ossification)
Describe the Shoulder Joint under the following
headings: Articulation, Type/ Variety, Capsule,
Ligaments, Innervation, Blood supply, Movements.
Describe the 3 parts of Deltoid Muscle and correlate
them with its unique functions.
Explain its role in abduction of shoulder joint. Human
Anatomy
Explain mechanism of Abduction of arm Joints of Upper
MS-A-008 Limb: Shoulder
Identify and demonstrate the movements of scapula
Joint
and shoulder joint.
Draw and label the arterial anastomosis around
shoulder joint
Describe, in detail, the Scapula-Humeral Mechanism
in relation to movement of abduction. Discuss
important clinical conditions

Describe Rotator Cuff Muscles, state their Anatomical Human

significance and explain Rotator Cuff Tendinitis Anatomy
MS-A-009 Rotator Cuff
Clinical correlates of shoulder joint. (shoulder joint Integrate with
stability, dislocation and shoulder pain) Surgery

Describe the formation of Brachial Plexus; Infra and

Supraclavicular parts. Discuss
Brachial plexus injuries
Demonstrate and identify the formation of brachial
plexus and its branches Human Nerves of
MS-A-010
List the branches of brachial plexus and give their Anatomy Upper Limb

areas of distribution and muscles they innervate

Enlist and tabulate the muscles of anterior
compartment of arm with their attachments, nerve
supply and action.

144
 Identify & Describe Musculocutaneous Nerve in terms
of its Origin, Course, Termination, Relations,
Branches, and distribution.
Describe and illustrate the cutaneous innervation of
the arm.
Describe the Brachial Artery in terms of its course,
relations, branches, and distribution
Tabulate the attachments, innervation, and actions of
MS-A-011 Triceps brachii as a muscle of Blood supply of
arm
Posterior Fascial Compartment of Arm
Identify & Describe the Profunda Brachii Artery giving
its course, relations, branches, and distribution Human
Anatomy
Describe Cubital Fossa with emphasis on its
boundaries, contents, and clinical significance
Demonstrate surface marking of superficial veins of
MS-A-012 Muscles of Arm
arm and forearm for IV (Intra venous) injections
Demonstrate biceps brachi reflex, triceps reflex and
brachioradialis reflex
Determine the side and identify the landmarks of
radius and ulna.
Describe the Osteology of Radius (Side Bones of
MS-A-013 Human
Determination, morphological features, attachments). Forearm
Anatomy
Describe the Osteology of Ulna (Side Determination,
morphological features, attachments).
Describe osseofascial compartment of forearm.
Muscle of
Tabulate flexor and pronators muscles of forearm, Anterior/Flexor
MS-A-014
their attachments, actions and nerve supply. Compartment
of Forearm
Describe the action of paradox with examples
Tabulate the attachments, innervation, and actions of Muscle of
Human Lateral and
Extensor Muscles of the Forearm
MS-A-015 Anatomy Posterior/Exten
Tabulate the attachments, innervation, and actions of sor
Compartment
Lateral Muscles of the Forearm
of Forearm
Identify the muscles and nerves of flexor and Nerves of
MS-A-016
extensor compartments of forearm Forearm

145
 Describe and illustrate the cutaneous innervation of
the Forearm
Describe ulnar, median and radial nerves in fore arm.
Describe the Origin, Course, Relations, and branches
of Ulnar and radial Artery in Forearm
Describe the Origin, Course, Relations and list the
tributaries of veins of Forearm. Blood supply of
MS-A-017
forearm

Surface marking of Brachial artery, Cephalic, Median

cubital, Basilic Vein, Radial & Ulnar arteries, anterior
&posterior interosseous artery
Identify the Extensor & Flexor Retinacula and Human Retinacula of
MS-A-018 describe their attachments and relations Anatomy Forearm

Demonstrate the formation of carpal tunnel and Human

identify the contents Anatomy-
Integrate with
Describe Carpel Tunnel Syndrome surgery Carpal tunnel
MS-A-019
Describe the features, attachments, relations and syndrome

structures passing under Flexor

Retinaculum
Describe the Origin, Course, Relations, and branches
of Ulnar Artery in Forearm Human
Describe the Origin, Course, Relations and list the Anatomy Forearm: Blood
tributaries of veins of Forearm supply and
Venous
Surface marking of Brachial artery, Cephalic, Median drainage
MS-A-020 cubital, Basilic Vein, Radial & Ulnar arteries, anterior
&posterior interosseous artery
Describe the Elbow Joint in terms of articular surfaces,
type, variety, ligaments, muscles producing Human
movements, blood supply {Anastomosis around Anatomy Joints of Upper
Limbs: Elbow
elbow joint}, nerve supply and radiological imaging.
Joint
Describe Carrying Angle and justify its importance in Integrate with
MS-A-021
limb movement Surgery

Describe the Radioulnar Joints in terms of articular Joints of Upper

MS-A-022 surfaces, type, variety, ligaments, muscles producing Human Limbs:
Anatomy Radioulnar
movements, nerve supply and radiological imaging. Joint

146
 Describe the wrist joint in terms of articular surfaces,
type, variety, ligaments, muscles producing
movements, nerve supply and radiological imaging.
Demonstrate mechanisms of movements of
Pronation & Supination
Describe the features of Interosseous Human Interosseous
MS-A-023
Membrane with structures that pierce through it Anatomy membrane

Describe the features and explain the importance of

Fascia &
MS-A-024 Fibrous Flexor Sheaths, synovial flexor sheaths and Human Muscles of
extensor expansion Anatomy Hand

Demonstrate the attachments and actions of the

muscles of hand
Identify the muscles and neurovasculature of palm.
Explain the morphology and tabulate the
attachments, innervation and actions of intrinsic
Hand
muscles of hand. &
Explain the fascial spaces of palm and pulp space of Actions of
MS-A-025 Human
Muscles of
fingers Anatomy
Upper Limb as
Describe Dupuytren contracture, mallet finger and a Functional
Unit
buttonaire deformity.
Describe hand as a functional unit. (position of hand,
movement of thumb and fingers while performing
different functions)
Discuss cupping of hand and fist formation.
Draw the Radial Artery course, relation and
termination in hand with its clinical significance in the
region
Describe the Ulnar Artery’s Course, relation and Human
Blood vessels
MS-A-026 of forearm and
termination in hand with its clinical significance in the Anatomy
hand
region
Describe the formation, branches, and areas of
distribution of Superficial and Deep Palmar Arch
Describe the course, relations and branches of Ulnar, Nerves of
MS-A-027 Human
forearm and
Median and Radial Nerves in the Hand Anatomy
hand
147
 Describe the First Carpometacarpal Joint in terms of;
Type, Variety, Articular Surfaces, Ligaments,
Relations, Blood Supply, Innervation, movements.
Demonstrate the movements of the 1st
MS-A-028 carpometacarpal joint Human
Joints of Hands
Anatomy
Describe the Metacarpophalangeal & interpharyngeal
Joints in terms of; Type, Variety, Articular Surfaces,
Ligaments, Relations, Blood Supply, Innervation &
Movements

Palpate the arteries of the upper limb on a subject Integrate with

Medicine
Identify the topographical features of upper limb in a
cross-sectional model/ specimen.
Demonstrate and identify the anatomical landmarks Integrate with
MS-A-029 Skills
of upper limb on radiographs/ CT (Computed Radiology

tomography)/ MRI (Magnetic resonance imaging)

Mark the anatomical landmarks and surface marking Human
on a subject/ simulated model Anatomy

LOWER LIMB

THEORY
CODE SPECIFIC LEARNING OBJECTIVES DISCIPLINE TOPIC
Draw and label the Parts of the hip bone, with its
attachments.
Describe the parts, attachments of hip bone
MS-A-030 Identify the parts and bony features of the hip bone, Human
Hip Bone
Anatomy
with its attachments, important relations
Demonstrate the side determination of hip bone, its
bony features, attachments
Describe the parts, attachments, side determination
of femur Human
MS-A-031 Femur
Identify the parts and bony features of the femur, with Anatomy

its attachments.

148
 Demonstrate the side determination of femur, its bony
features, attachments, and important relations
(correlate these with fractures)
Describe coxa Vara and coxa valga and their clinical
significance
Describe the extent, attachments, and modifications
of Fascia Lata Human
MS-A-032 Fascia Lata
Demonstrate the attachment of fascia Lata, iliotibial Anatomy

tract
Describe the cutaneous nerves and vessels of thigh
Draw and label the cutaneous nerve supply of thigh
Describe the formation, course, relations, tributaries,
and termination of the superficial veins
Explain the anatomical justification of venesection,
varicose veins, and saphenous venous grafts Human Neurovascular
MS-A-033
Describe the lymphatic drainage of the region with Anatomy Supply of thigh

special emphasis on afferent and efferent of inguinal

lymph nodes
Identify the superficial and deep lymph nodes
Explain the anatomical justification for enlargement of
inguinal lymph nodes
Describe and identify the Boundaries and contents of
femoral triangle
Draw and label the Boundaries and contents of
femoral triangle
Identify the femoral sheath with its
compartments
Human
Describe the formation of femoral sheath and its Femoral
MS-A-034 Anatomy
Triangle &
significance
Canal
Describe the formation of femoral canal and its
contents and significance
Describe the formation and significance of femoral
ring
Compare and contrast the anatomical features of Integrate with
femoral and inguinal hernias Surgery

149
 Tabulate the muscles of anterior compartment of
thigh with their attachments, nerve supply and actions

Demonstrate and identify the muscles of anterior Human Muscles of

MS-A-035 compartment of thigh with their proximal and distal Anatomy Anterior
Compartment
attachments of Thigh
Demonstrate the actions of muscles of anterior
compartment of thigh
Integrate with
Explain the anatomical basis of psoas abscess
Surgery
Identify and demonstrate the nerves and vessels of
anterior compartment of thigh along with their
branches
Describe the origin, course, relations, branches,
distribution, and termination of femoral artery Neurovascular
Describe the origin, course, relations, tributaries, area supply of
MS-A-036 Human
Anterior
of drainage and termination of femoral vein Anatomy
Compartment
Describe the origin, course, relations, branches, of Thigh

distribution, and termination of femoral nerve

Tabulate the muscles of anterior compartment of
thigh with their attachments, nerve supply and
actions.
Describe the formation, boundaries, contents of
adductor canal
MS-A-037 Adductor Canal
Identify and demonstrate the boundaries and
contents of adductor canal
Describe Muscles of medial compartment of thigh Human
with their proximal and distal attachments, Anatomy

innervation and actions Muscles of

MS-A-038 Identify the muscles of medial compartment of thigh Medial
Compartment
with their proximal and distal attachments of Thigh
Demonstrate the actions of the muscles of the
compartment on self/ subject
Describe the origin, course, relations, branches/
MS-A-039
tributaries, distribution, and termination of

150
 neurovascular structures of medial compartment of
Human
thigh
Anatomy
Identify the nerves and vessels of medial Neurovascular
compartment of thigh along with their branches supply of
Medial
Describe and identify the lumbar and sacral plexus
Compartment
and its branches supplying the lower limb of Thigh

Describe the cutaneous nerve supply and lymphatics

of the region
List the structures passing through the greater and
lesser sciatic foramen.
Describe the muscles of gluteal region with their
proximal and distal attachments, innervation, and
actions
Identify the muscles of gluteal region with their
proximal and distal attachments
Describe the origin, course, relations, branches/
tributaries, distribution, and termination of
MS-A-040 neurovascular structures of gluteal region Gluteal Region
Demonstrate the actions of the muscles of gluteal
region
Explain the anatomical basis of the consequences of
wrongly placed gluteal intramuscular injections Integrate with
Damage to Gluteus medius & minimus due to Medicine

poliomyelitis
Demonstrate and identify the origin, course, relations,
branches/tributaries and termination of nerves and Human
vessels of gluteal region Anatomy

Describe the Attachments of muscles of posterior

compartment of thigh with the innervation and action
Identify the muscles of posterior compartment of thigh Human
Muscles of
with their proximal and distal attachments Anatomy
MS-A-041 Posterior
Demonstrate the actions of muscles of posterior Compartment
of Thigh
compartment of thigh
Describe the anatomical basis of signs and Integrate with
symptoms of sciatica. Surgery

151
 Describe the origin, course, relations, branches,
Blood supply of
distribution, and termination of Profunda femoris Posterior
MS-A-042 Human
artery compartment
Anatomy
thigh
Describe blood supply on back of thigh
Describe the origin, course, relations, branches,
distribution, and termination of sciatic nerve Human
MS-A-043 Anatomy Sciatic Nerve
Describe the anatomical basis, signs and
symptoms of compression of or injury to sciatic nerve
Integrate with
Describe the hip joint with its type, articulations, Surgery
ligaments, stabilizing factors
Movements, and neuro-vascular supply with clinical
significance.

Perform the movements of hip joint at various angles

and be able to describe the muscles producing the
MS-A-044 Hip Joint
movement. Human
Anatomy

Discuss important associated clinical conditions (Hip

dislocation, Arthritis, Hip joint stability and
Trendelenburg sign) movements, and neuro- vascular
supply with clinical significance.

Describe the Boundaries and contents of popliteal

fossa. Discuss clinical correlates (Popliteal aneurysm,
Palpation of Popliteal artery, semi
membranous bursa swelling and Baker’s cyst
Draw and label boundaries and contents of popliteal
MS-A-045 fossa Human
Popliteal Fossa
Anatomy
Identify the boundaries and contents of popliteal
fossa
Describe the origin, course, relations,
branches/tributaries, distribution and termination of
popliteal artery and vein
Describe parts of tibia and fibula, with their
MS-A-046 attachments, important relations and side Human Knee Joint
Anatomy
determination

152
 Identify the parts and bony features of the tibia &
fibula, their bony features, attachments, important
relations.
Draw and label Parts of patella with its attachments
Describe features of patella, and name the factor
responsible for stabilizing Patella
Describe the knee joint with its type, articulations,
ligaments, movements, and neuro-vascular supply
Explain the mechanism of locking and unlocking of
knee joint with the foot on ground and off the ground

Describe the attachments and role of popliteus in

locking and unlocking of the knee joint
Describe the factors responsible for stability of knee
joint. Discuss important associated clinical
conditions.
Describe the Muscles of anterior, lateral, and
posterior compartments of leg with their proximal & Muscles of leg
distal attachments, innervation, and actions
MS-A-047
Identify the muscles of anterior, lateral, and posterior
compartments of leg with their proximal and distal Neurovascular
supply of Leg
attachments
Describe the origin, course, relations,
branches/tributaries and termination of nerves and
vessels of anterior, lateral, and posterior
compartments of leg- Compartment Syndrome, Foot Human Neurovascular
MS-A-048
Drop Anatomy supply of Leg

Describe the cutaneous nerves and veins of leg.

Draw and label the cutaneous nerve supply and
dermatomes of leg
Identify the extensor, flexor, and peroneal retinacula
and demonstrate the structures related to them Flexor,
Extensor, and
MS-A-049 Describe the attachments, relations, and structures
peroneal
passing under cover of, extensor, Reticula
peroneal, and flexor retinacula

153
 Identify and demonstrate the nerves and vessels of
anterior, lateral, and posterior compartments of leg
along with their branches
Describe the formation of noncalcareous
(Achilles tendon)
Describe the articulations, muscles and nerve supply Human Tibio-fibular
MS-A-050
and movements at Tibiofibular joints Anatomy Joint

Describe the ankle joint with its type, articulations,

ligaments, movements, and nerve supply
Describe the factors stabilizing the ankle joint.
MS-A-051 Human Ankle Joint
Discuss important associated clinical conditions.
Anatomy
Identify and demonstrate the articulating surfaces
and ligaments of ankle joint
Describe the formation, attachments, and clinical Human
significance of plantar aponeurosis Anatomy
MS-A-052 Plantar Fascia
Explain the anatomical basis of the signs and Integrate with
symptoms of plantar fasciitis. Orthopedics

Identify the parts and bony features, attachments,

and important relations of the articulated foot
Describe the muscles of the dorsum and sole of foot
with their proximal & distal attachments, innervation
and actions emphasizing the role of interossei and
MS-A-053 lumbricals. Muscles of foot
Human
Draw and label the muscles of the layers of sole of Anatomy
foot
Demonstrate and identify the muscles and tendons
with their proximal and distal attachments in the sole
of foot
Describe the interphalangeal, subtalar and midtarsal
MS-A-054 joints with their types, articulation, movements, Small joints of
Human
foot
ligaments. Anatomy

Describe the formation, components, stabilizing and

maintaining factors of the arches of foot Integrate with
MS-A-055 Arches of foot
Describe the clinical significance of arches of foot Orthopedics

with respect to flat foot, claw foot.

154
 Describe the fibrous flexor sheaths, extensor Human Retinacula of
MS-A-056
expansions and synovial flexor sheaths Anatomy foot

Describe the origin, course, relations,

branches/tributaries, distribution, and termination of
plantar vessels
Identify the nerves and vessels on the foot along with
their branches
Describe the cutaneous nerves of foot
Human Neurovascular
MS-A-057 Draw and label the cutaneous nerve supply and
Anatomy supply of foot
dermatomes of foot
Identify the nerves and vessels in the sole of foot
along with their branches
Describe the palpation of dorsalis pedis artery
&explain the clinical significance of dorsalis pedis
artery
Describe the surface anatomy, course, relations,
tributaries, and communications of the superficial
veins of the lower limb
Arterial and
MS-A-058 Draw a concept map of the superficial veins of lower Human Venous
limb Anatomy drainage of
lower limb
List the factors favoring venous return of the lower
limb
Explain the anatomical basis of the formation,

and signs and symptoms of deep venous thrombosis Integrate with

Surgery

MS-A-059
Discuss Clinical correlations of Lower Limb Arteries
(palpation of femoral, popliteal, posterior tibial & Human Gait
Integrate with
dorsalis pedis arteries, collateral circulation, Medicine

intermittent claudication, occlusive arterial disease)

Lymphatic
Draw a concept map of the lymphatic drainage of drainage of
MS-A-060 Human
lower limb lower
Anatomy
limb
Draw and label the cutaneous nerves & dermatomes Cutaneous
MS-A-061 of the lower limb dermatomes &
Human nerve supply of
Anatomy lower limb

155
 Discuss clinical correlates of Lower limb nerves
(Femoral nerve injury, Sciatic Nerve injury, Common
fibular, tibial & obturator nerve injury)

Describe the anatomical basis of knee jerk, ankle jerk,

and plantar reflex
Demonstrate the surface marking of nerves and
vessels of lower limb
Demonstrate the surface marking of bony landmarks Topographical
and
of lower limb radiological
MS-A-062
Identify the topographical features of lower limb in a anatomy of
lower
cross-sectional model
limb
Demonstrate and identify the features of bones and Integrate with
joints of lower limb on radiograph/ CT scan/ MRI Radiology

Describe the common fractures of the following bone

with the risk factors, clinical presentations, and
management:
1. Clavicle
2. Humerus
3. Radius
MS-A-063 4. Ulna Orthopedics
Bone Fracture
and trauma
5. Small bones of hand
6. Hip bone
7. Femur
8. Tibia
9. Fibula
10. Small bones of foot
Describe the dislocations of the following joints with
the risk factors and clinical presentations, and brief
management:

MS-A-064 Shoulder joint Orthopedics Joint

and trauma Dislocation
1. Elbow joint
2. Interphalangeal joint of hand
3. Hip joint

156
 4. Knee joint
5. Ankle joint

THEORY

EMBRYOLOGY & POST-NATAL DEVELOPMENT TOTAL HOURS = 06

CODE
SPECIFIC LEARNING OBJECTIVES DISCIPLINE TOPIC

Name the molecular and genetic factors involved in

the development of musculoskeletal system

Describe the development of skeletal muscle and

MS-A-065 innervation of axial skeletal Muscles-developmental Human Development

Embryology of Muscles
basis of myotome
Briefly discuss the development of cardiac and
smooth muscle (Detail to be covered in respective
modules later).

Describe the process of limb development and limb

MS-A-066 Human Development
growth
Embryology of Limb

Describe the embryological basis of cutaneous

innervation of limb Development
MS-A-067 Human
of Nerve
Describe the embryological basis of blood supply of Embryology
supply of limbs
limbs and concept of axial artery
Describe the embryological basis of congenital Human
anomalies related to muscular system. Embryology

Describe the clinical presentations and embryological

basis of;
i. Amelia Congenital
MS-A-068
ii. Meromelia anomalies of
Integrate with
limbs
iii. Phocomelia Paedriatics

iv. Cleft Hand and Foot

v. Polydactyly, Brachydactyly, Syndactyly
vi. Congenital club foot
Describe the developmental process of cartilage and Human Development
MS-A-069
bone Embryology of Cartilage

157
 Describe the process of histogenesis of cartilage and
bone

THEORY

MICROSCOPIC ANATOMY TOTAL HOURS = 06

CODE
SPECIFIC LEARNING OBJECTIVES DISCIPLINE TOPIC
Describe the microscopic structure and
Histology
ultramicroscopic structure of skeletal muscle

Explain the basis of myasthenia gravis. Integrate with

Medicine
Describe the microscopic and
MS-A-070 ultramicroscopic structure of cardiac muscle
Histology of
Describe the microscopic and
Muscles
Histology
ultramicroscopic structure of smooth muscle
Compare and contrast the histological features of
three types of muscle tissue
Describe Myosatellite Cells & their role in
Histology/
regeneration of muscle, hyperplasia, and hypertrophy Integrate with
of muscle fiber Pathology Functional
MS-A-071 Histology
Explain the histopathological basis of
Histopathology
leiomyoma
Describe the light and electron microscopic structure
of bone cells
Histology
Describe the light and electron microscopic structure
of compact and spongy bone Histology of
MS-A-072
Describe the histological justification for Osseous tissue

osteoporosis, Osteopetrosis Integrate with

Describe the histological basis for bone repair after Pathology

fractures.
Compare and contrast the microscopic features of
compact and spongy bone
MS-A-073 Histology Histology of
Explain the characteristic features of ossification
Bone
(Intramembranous & Endochondral ossification)

158
 Describe the zones seen in an epiphyseal growth
plate
Integrate with
Describe the metabolic role of bone -
Medicine
MS-A-074 Functional
Describe the clinical presentation of osteoporosis, Integrate with Histology of
osteopenia Orthopedics Bone

Describe the microscopic and ultramicroscopic

structure of all types of cartilage
Compare and contrast the structure of cartilage and
MS-A-075 bone matrix Histology of
Histology
Cartilage

Tabulate the differences between three types of

cartilage

Describe the histological basis for bone & Cartilage Mechanism of

MS-A-076 Histology
growth and repair Bone growth

HISTOLOGY TOTAL HOURS = 08

CODE
SPECIFIC LEARNING OBJECTIVES DISCIPLINE TOPIC
Draw and label the histology of skeletal muscle
MS-A-077 Draw and label the histology of smooth muscle Histology of
Histology
Muscles
Draw and label the histology of cardiac muscle
Draw and label the histological picture of compact
bone Histology of
MS-A-078 Histology
Draw and label the histological picture of spongy Bones

bone
Draw and label the microscopic structure of hyaline
cartilage
Draw and label the microscopic structure of elastic Histology of
MS-A-079 Histology
cartilage Cartilage

Draw and label the microscopic structure of fibro

cartilage

159
 NORMAL FUNCTION
THEORY
MEDICAL PHYSIOLOGY TOTAL HOURS = 32
CODE
SPECIFIC LEARNING OBJECTIVES DISCIPLINE TOPIC
Explain the Physiological basis of membrane
Diffusion /
MS-P-001 potential Equilibrium
Explain diffusion potentials of Na & K Potentials

Define Nernst potential

Explain Physiological Basis of Nernst potential
Write the Nernst equation. Nernst
MS-P-002
Calculate Nernst potential for Na & K potential

Explain the effects of altering the concentration of

Na+, K+, Ca on the equilibrium potential for that ion
Describe the normal distribution of Na+, K+, Ca and Medical
Physiology
Cl- across the cell membrane
MS-P-003 Explain physiological basis of Goldman equation Goldman
Equation
Clarify the role of Goldman equation in generation of
Resting Membrane Potential (RMP).
Describe the Physiological basis of generation of
RMP.
Explain the effects of hyperkalemia and Hypokalemia
Resting
on the Resting Membrane Potential (RMP) Membrane
MS-P-004
Potential in
Name the membrane stabilizers
Neurons
Medical
Explain the physiological basis of action of Local Physiology
Anesthetics. Integrate with
Anesthesiology
Describe the Physiological anatomy of Neurons
Discuss the axonal transport
MS-P-005 Enlist & give functions of Neuroglial cells Medical Neurons
Explain process of myelination in Central Nervous Physiology

System (CNS) & Peripheral Nervous System (PNS)

MS-P-006 Classify neurons functionally. Classification of

160
 Classify nerve fibers according to Erlanger & Gasser Neurons &
Fibers
Classification
Define Action Potential
Enlist the Properties of action potential
Describe the ionic basis of an action potential.
Explain the phases of action potential. Action
MS-P-007 Explain the effects of hyperkalemia and Hypokalemia Potential of
Neurons
on the action potential.
Draw monophasic action potential.

Explain absolute and relative refractory period

Explain the role of other ions in action potential.

Role of other
MS-P-008 Elaborate the effect of hypocalcemia on neuron ions in action
excitability. potential

Explain Physiological basis& properties of Graded

potential
Draw & explain Physiological basis & properties of
compound action potential.
Local /
MS-P-009 Contrast between action potential and graded Graded
potential potentials

Describe the ionic basis of excitatory Post Synaptic

Potential (EPSP), Inhibitory Post Synaptic Potential
(IPSP), End Plate Potential (EPP).
Classify and explain Physiological basis of different
types of synapses
MS-P-010 Synapse
Elaborate how signal transmission takes place
across chemical synapse Medical
Physiology
Explain the mechanism of conduction of Nerve
MS-P-011 impulse in myelinated and unmyelinated nerve fibers. Conduction of
Nerve Impulse
Elaborate significance of saltatory conduction
Enlist the types of nerve injury
Explain Wallerian degeneration.
MS-P-012 Describe the process of regeneration of nerve fiber. Nerve
Degeneration
Describe the causes, features & pathophysiology of Medical
Physiology
Multiple sclerosis, GB syndrome.
Integrate with
161
 Medicine
Discuss the physiological anatomy of skeletal
muscles.
MS-P-013 Differentiate b/w skeletal, smooth, and cardiac Skeletal muscle

muscle Medical
Describe the structure of Sarcomere Physiology

Differentiate between isometric and isotonic

Characteristics
MS-P-014 contraction by giving examples. of whole muscle
Compare the fast and slow muscle fibers. contraction

Explain the mechanism of summation and

Tetanization.
Describe staircase effect/Treppe phenomena
Discuss the mechanism of skeletal muscle fatigue.
Medical
Explain the remodeling of skeletal muscle to match Physiology Mechanics of
MS-P-015 muscle
the function. Describe the development of macro
contraction
motor units in poliomyelitis.
Medical
Physiology
Explain the physiological basis of rigor mortis Integrate with
Forensic
Medicine
Describe the physiological anatomy of Neuro
Muscular Junction (NMJ) Medical
Mechanism of Neuromuscular transmission & Physiology

generation of End Plate Potential

Medical
Explain features, pathophysiology & treatment of Physiology
MS-P-016 myasthenia Gravis Integrate with Neuromuscular
Medicine junction
Describe the enhancers or blockers of neuromuscular
transmission at the neuromuscular junction Medical
Physiology

Discuss the steps/ events of excitation contraction Medical

coupling in skeletal muscle. Physiology

Differentiate between types of smooth muscles.

Medical
MS-P-017 Describe mechanism of smooth muscle contraction in Smooth Muscle
Physiology
comparison to skeletal muscle.

162
 Explain the physiological anatomy of neuromuscular
junction of smooth muscle
Explain the excitatory and inhibitory transmitters
secreted at Neuro Muscular Junction (NMJ) of
smooth muscles.
Explain the depolarization of multiunit smooth
muscles without action potentials.
Explain the local tissue factors and hormones that
can cause smooth muscle contraction without action
potential.
Explain the regulation of smooth muscle contraction
by calcium ions.
Explain membrane potential and action potentials in
smooth muscles.
Explain the phenomena of stress relaxation and
reverse stress relaxation in smooth muscles.
Explain the LATCH mechanism
Describe the significance of LATCH mechanism.
Explain the nervous and hormonal control of Smooth
Muscle Contraction.

THEORY

MEDICAL BIOCHEMISTRY TOTAL HOURS = 30

CODE
SPECIFIC LEARNING OBJECTIVES DISCIPLINE TOPIC

Classify carbohydrates along with the structure and Classification

MS-B-001 Biochemistry
biomedical importance of each class carbohydrates

MS-B-002 Explain the isomerization of carbohydrates Biochemistry Carbohydrates

Describe the physical and chemical properties of
carbohydrates Biochemistry
Differentiate between proteoglycan and glycoproteins Extracellular
MS-B-003
Describe the components of extracellular matrix: matrix

1. Describe structure, functions and clinical Biochemistry

significance of glycosaminoglycans

163
 2. Discuss structure and functions of Fibrous
proteins (collagen and Elastin)
3. Interpret diseases associated with them on
basis of sign/symptoms and data
4. Interpret the importance of vitamin C in
collagen synthesis
5. Describe sources, active form, functions and
deficiency diseases of vitamin C
6. Identify the defects in collagen synthesis
based on given data (Ostegenesis Imperfecta)
Interpret genetic basis of Duchene muscular
dystrophy
Explain the transport and uptake of glucose in cells, Biochemistry
steps of glycolysis and citric acid cycle along with
enzymes, co enzymes and cofactors involved
Discuss the provision of energy to the muscles and
Biochemistry Glycolysis and
cells through glycolytic pathway and TCA cycle Tricarboxylic
MS-B-004
Explain the hormonal and allosteric regulation of acid cycle
Biochemistry (TCA)
glycolysis and TCA
Describe the digestion and absorption of proteins in Protein
MS-B-005 mouth, stomach and small intestine. Biochemistry Digestion &
Transport
Discuss the uptake of amino acids by cells across cell
Explain following reactions with enzymes involved in
it:
1. Transamination
Reactions
MS-B-006 2. Deamination decarboxylation Biochemistry involve in
3. Deamidation catabolism

4. Trans deamination.
5. Oxidative deamination.
Role of pyridoxal phosphate, glutamate, glutamine,
Transportation
MS-B-007 alanine and discuss the mechanism of transport of Biochemistry of ammonia to
ammonia to liver liver

Illustrate steps of urea cycle with enzymes and its

MS-B-008 importance Biochemistry Urea cycle
Discuss ammonia intoxication
164
 Interpret different types of hyperammonia on basis of
MS-B-009
sign symptoms and data
Discuss the metabolism of aliphatic, aromatic,
branched chain, sulfur containing, hydroxyl group Protein
MS-B-010 Biochemistry
containing amino acids with the products formed and metabolism

enzymes and vitamins involved in them

Interpret the following on basis of given data:
1. Phenylketonuria
2. Tyrosinemia
Inborn errors of
MS-B-011 3. Albinism Biochemistry amino acid
4. Homocystinuria metabolism

5. Maple syrup urine disease

6. Alkaptonuria

TOTAL HOURS=06
CODE SPECIFIC LEARNING OBJECTIVES
DISCIPLINE TOPIC
Demonstrate and categorize the following movements:
Pushing against the wall, Biceps curls, squats, yoga
chair pose, standing on toes, running on an inclined Physiology Locomotion
MS-P-018
treadmill, yoga tree pose, deadlift as
isotonic and isometric skeletal muscle contraction.
MS-B-012 Estimation of total proteins by kit method. Total proteins
Biochemistry Albumin/
MS-B-013 Estimation of albumin and globulin
globulin

PATHOPHYSIOLOGY AND PHARMACOTHERAPEUTICS

THEORY
TOTAL HOURS = 4+7=11
CODE SPECIFIC LEARNING OBJECTIVES
DISCIPLINE TOPIC
Explain the mechanism by which drugs can stimulate
Drugs acting
NMJ.
MS-Ph-01 Pharmacology on
Explain the mechanism by which drugs can block & Neuromuscular
Therapeutics Junction (NMJ)
NMJ.

165
 Discuss briefly the therapeutic effect of drugs used in Drugs in
MS-Ph-02 Myasthenia
myasthenia gravis.
Gravis
Discuss briefly the therapeutic effect of drugs used as Local
MS-Ph-03
local anesthetics. Anesthetics

Describe the hyperplasia, hypertrophy, and atrophy of

MS-Pa-01 muscle fiber Muscle
remodeling
Explain the histopathological basis of leiomyoma
Describe the histological basis of Duchenne Diseases of
MS-Pa-02
Muscular Dystrophy and myopathy. Muscle

Describe the clinical presentation and histological

Pathology
justification for osteoporosis, osteopetrosis Diseases of
MS-Pa-03
Describe the histological basis for bone repair after Bone

fractures
Describe the histological basis for cartilage growth Disease of
MS-Pa-04
and repair Cartilage

AGING

THEORY
TOTAL HOURS = 04
CODE SPECIFIC LEARNING OUTCOMES
DISCIPLINE TOPIC
Discuss the effect of age on bone fragility and its
MS-Ag-01 Bone
implications with management.
Discuss the effect of age on loss of cartilage
MS-Ag-02 Cartilage
resilience and its implications and management
Discuss the effect of age on Muscular strength and its
MS-Ag-03 Muscle
implications and management Geriatrics/
Medicine/
Biochemistry
Explain the protective effect of estrogen (female sex
hormone) on bone mineral density and relate it to Effect of
MS-Ag-04 estrogen on
increased prevalence of postmenopausal fractures in
BMD
women.

DISEASE PREVENTION AND IMPACT

THEORY

166
 TOTAL HOURS = 14+3=17
CODE SPECIFIC LEARNING OUTCOMES
DISCIPLINE TOPIC
Explain causes of low back pain
MS-CM-001
Describe prevention of low back pain Back Pain

Describe work related musculoskeletal disorders

Community
addition with its burden/epidemiology Medicine and
Identify risk factors of Musculoskeletal disorders MSD Public
MS-CM-002 Work related
Health
at workplace Musculoskeletal
disorders
Describe prevention of exposure to risk factors
related to workplace
Describe MSD related to mobile addition with its
burden/epidemiology
Describe MSD related to mobile usage (Text neck,
Trigger thumb, DeQuervain Syndrome, Carpel Tunnel
Syndrome) Community
MS-CM-003 Medicine and
MSD related to
Public
mobile usage
Identify risk factors related to MSD due to excessive Health
mobile usage.
Describe the preventive strategies for mobile
addiction-related MSD.
Describe the application of ergonomics in MSD
MS-CM-004 Ergonomics
related to the above disorders.
Describe the concept of non-communicable Noncommunic
MS-CM-005
Musculoskeletal diseases Community able disease
Medicine and
Identify the risk factors in the community for
Public
Osteoporosis Health Risk factor
assessment of
MS-CM-006 Learn and apply interventions to prevent the risk
Musculoskeletal
factors for various musculoskeletal diseases in the diseases
community.
Identify and deal with the various psychosocial aspects
Psychosocial
of Musculoskeletal conditions (such as Osteoarthritis,
factors
Osteomyelitis, Rheumatoid arthritis, Gout, chronic Behavioral
MS-BhS-001 influencing
Sciences
back pain, psychosomatic complaints) chronic
illnesses
and Neuromuscular conditions (Muscular dystrophy,

167
 Myasthenia Gravis, Sclerosis) on Individual, Family
and Society
Identify the psychosocial risk factors as mediating
factors between illness and its effect. Psychosocial
Discuss the role of psychological variables like Impact of
MS-BhS-002
Disease and its
coping, social support, and other health cognitions in management
mediating between illness and its effect.

168
169