CIVIL ENGINEERING DEPARTMENT

DCC50232 – ENGINEERING IN SOCIETY

CASE STUDY 2

NAME REGISTRATION NUMBER

NUR ANIS FARAHIN BINTI MOHAMED RAMZAN 03DKA22F1002
NUR DIANA NATASHA BINTI SUHAIDI 03DKA22F1006
NUR AYUNI HUSNA BINTI ZAIBERI 03DKA22F1111

LECTURER NAME: ZAMRY BIN AHMAD MOKHTAR

CLASS: DKA5A
 Nu Content Pages
m
1 Introduction

2 Where the Issue Occurs

3 How this Heatwave Event can Happen

4 The effects of Human Activity on Heat Waves

5 Engineer Technician plays a Big Part in Heatwave issue and what are the
ways to Prevent them?

6 Professional Bodies involved with the Roles and Responsibilities

7 Steps to be Taken to Prevent Heat Stroke

8 Conclusion

9 References

Table Of Content
Introduction

What Is Climate Change?

Climate change is long-term changes in regional or worldwide temperature patterns are

referred to as climate change, and they are mostly caused by human activities like the burning
of fossil fuels, deforestation, and industrial processes. Global warming is the term for the
phenomena whereby greenhouse gases, such as carbon dioxide and methane, are released into
the atmosphere, trapping heat and raising the earth's average temperature. Rising sea levels,
an increase in extreme weather events like storms and droughts, and damage to ecosystems
and biodiversity are all effects of climate change.

The ethical dimension of climate change in Malaysia stems from the balance between
economic growth and environmental sustainability, as well as the country's responsibility to
mitigate its global carbon “footprint” while addressing domestic inequalities. There are
serious threats to both natural and human systems as a result of the extensive effects of
climate change. Heatwaves, protracted droughts, and stronger storms are affecting
communities all over the world, while the melting of polar ice caps and glaciers is raising sea
levels, endangering coastal communities.

Figure 1- article [Link] march 2019

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Why We Choose Heatwaves?

Heatwaves, which are prolonged episodes of unusually high temperatures, are among the
most obvious effects of climate change. Heatwaves are becoming increasingly common,
severe, and persistent as a result of the global temperatures brought on by an increase in
greenhouse gas emissions. Extreme heat occurrences become increasingly often in certain
locations as a result of the earth's atmosphere warming.

An almost record-setting heatwave has hit the northern region as well as other parts of the
country. The El Nino weather phenomenon has been cited as a major contributor of the hot
and dry conditions in the states of perils, Kedah, and Penang.

Figure 2- Penang monthly article April 2024

Where The Issue Occurs?

On March 8, 2023, this incident took place in Penang. When El Niño or dry weather strikes
Southeast Asia, Penang typically experiences heat waves due to extended hot weather. A
temperature increase due to such weather patterns may have negative consequences for daily
living, agriculture, and public health. The Pacific Ocean's warm sea surface causes changes in
wind and weather patterns, which in turn causes El Niño, a global meteorological
phenomenon. El Niño conditions can bring abnormally high, dry, and scorching temperatures
to Penang and other parts of Malaysia. This issue has affected every inhabitant who
experiences constant high temperatures as well. This makes them especially vulnerable to
conditions including heat exhaustion, heat stroke, and dehydration in the elderly, young, and
outdoor workers. Every local who has spent prolonged periods of time in the heat has also
been impacted by this problem. If they are elderly, have small children, or work outside, they
are more vulnerable to conditions including heat exhaustion, heat stroke, and dehydration. In
addition, the persistent heat may cause problems with water supply when the dam's water
level falls as a result of insufficient rainfall. Finally, heat waves may affect the output of fruit
and vegetable crops, which in turn may affect the cost and accessibility of food

Figure 3-Side by side comparison of 1993 and 2023 Land Surface Temperature (LST)
How This Heat Wave Event Can Happen?

The heat stroke events discussed in the article occur due to extreme temperature increases,
especially during heat waves due to the El Nino phenomenon. This phenomenon increases the
global temperature and causes prolonged heat waves. Heat stroke occurs when the body
cannot cool itself naturally. The increase in extreme temperatures increases the risk to groups
such as the elderly, children, and those who work outside.

When the body is exposed to high temperatures, it can cause an imbalance in internal
temperature regulation, thus triggering heat stroke. When the ambient temperature rises, the
human body relies on cooling mechanisms such as sweating to maintain a stable internal
temperature. The risk increases for those who are exposed continuously or have existing
health problems. However, in extreme heat, this mechanism becomes insufficient.

An increase in outside temperature causes dehydration, which reduces the body's ability to
sweat and stabilize the internal temperature. This condition becomes worse when a person is
exposed to heat for a long time without adequate protection or hydration. Factors such as lack
of shelter, lack of public awareness, as well as outdoor workers or the elderly increase the
risk. Prevention includes staying hydrated and reducing exposure to scorching heat. If a
person does not take preventative measures such as adequate hydration or avoiding direct
exposure to heat, the body can overheat, causing heat stroke. The risk is increased for those
who are exposed continuously or have existing health problems.

Figure 4 Figure 5
The Effects of Human Activity on Heat Waves

Human activities have a direct impact on increasing the incidence and intensity of heat
waves, particularly through climate change and global warming.

1. Global Temperature Increase

- Humans burn fossil fuels such as coal, oil, and natural gas to produce greenhouse gases such
as carbon dioxide. The purpose of this gas is to trap heat in the atmosphere which causes the
global temperature to rise. This results in more frequent and stronger heat waves.

Figure 6

2. Forest Destruction and Land Use Change

- Human activities such as logging and clearing forests for agriculture reduce the number of
trees that can absorb carbon dioxide. When trees and forests decrease, the earth's natural
cooling capacity also decreases which causes an increase in temperature in certain areas.

Figure 7
[Link]

- Urban areas with lots of concrete, asphalt, and buildings will absorb and retain more heat
than rural areas. This phenomenon is known as the "urban heat island", where the
temperature in urban areas is higher than in the surrounding areas. Heat waves will be more
pronounced in cities due to higher heat absorption.

Figure 8

4. Increase in Energy Demand

- During a heat wave, the use of air conditioners increases, which requires more energy. If
this energy comes from non-functional sources such as fossil fuels, it will further increase
greenhouse gas emissions and worsen climate change.

Figure 9
5. Air Pollution

- Industrial activities and motor vehicles contribute to air pollution that worsens the effects of
heat waves. Pollution such as ozone at surface level can increase in hot weather which can be
harmful to human health.

Figure 10

6. Change in Weather Patterns

- Human activities that change the climate can affect weather patterns that can cause certain
areas to experience more frequent or longer heat waves.

Figure 11
Why Engineer Technician Plays a Big Part in Heatwave Issue and What
are the Ways to Prevent Them?

The experience of engineer technicians in developing, installing, and maintaining systems

that improve environmental resilience is the key in mitigating the effects of heatwaves. In
order to forecast the occurrence of heatwaves, they study climatic data and form energy-
efficient cooling systems that can reduce the temperature rise in buildings and public areas.

Figure 12

Here are some of their responsibilities:

 By collecting and analyse meteorological data to monitor temperature trends and

predict heatwave occurrences. This can help in formulating effective response
strategies.
 By educate the public on heatwave preparedness and safety measures, such as staying
hydrated and recognizing heat-related illnesses.
 Ensure regular maintenance of infrastructure, especially cooling systems and public
utilities, to ensure they function effectively during extreme heat conditions.
 Promote the use of renewable energy sources and sustainable practices that reduce the
urban heat island outcome and overall energy consumption.
 Develop and participate in emergency response plans to protect vulnerable
populations during heatwaves, including coordinating with health services to manage
heat-related health issues.
 They can advise on the installation of effective insulation materials in buildings to
minimize heat gain. This includes using energy-efficient windows, reflective roofing
materials, and proper ventilation systems.

Through these contributions, engineer technicians play a vital role in not only mitigating the
immediate effects of heatwaves but also in building a stronger society capable of adapting to
ongoing climate challenges.
The Professional Bodies Involved with The Roles and Responsibilities

Numerous organisations and professional associations in Malaysia are working to address

concerns related to climate change and heatwaves. These organisations provide a variety of
tasks related to technical assistance, public awareness, policy creation, and research. These
are a few significant organisations:

Malaysian Meteorological Department (MMD):

 Role: Provides weather forecasts, climate data, and warnings about extreme weather
events, including heatwaves. They also conduct research on climate trends and their
implications for Malaysia

Department of Environment (DOE):

 Role: Responsible for environmental management and regulation. They work on

policies and programs to mitigate climate change impacts, including the effects of
heatwaves

Construction Industry Development Board (CIDB):

 Role: Oversees the construction industry and promotes best practices in building
design and materials, which can contribute to heat resilience in urban environments

Institute for Environment and Development (LESTARI):

 Role: Engages in research and policy advocacy on environmental issues, including

climate change, with a focus on sustainable development practices

These organizations collaborate on various initiatives, policies, and research projects to

address heatwave and climate change issues effectively, promoting resilience and
sustainability across Malaysia.
Steps To Be Taken to Prevent Heat Stroke

Preventive measures to deal with heat waves are important to protect yourself, your family,
and the community from its negative effects. among are the preventive measures that can be
taken:

 Knowledge and Consciousness

It is necessary for the concerned parties to plan an educational campaign regarding

heat waves and how they affect agricultural and public health. Disseminating this
information can be done via fliers, social media, and community presentations.
Additionally, teach locals how to spot the symptoms of heat stroke and what to do if
they appear.

 Water Resources Management

Water-wise practices, such installing drip irrigation systems for farming and
minimizing water waste at home, must be promoted by the government. Each and
every inhabitant needs to learn how to collect rainwater for everyday uses like
cleaning and watering plants.

 Community Activities

Encourage local residents to plant trees as part of a Greening Project to expand the
amount of green space. This will also in still in the locals the importance of working
together to exchange knowledge and resources during heat waves.

 Effective Energy Utilization

Each and every resident needs to to save energy and heat in your house, use energy-
efficient electrical appliances. Reduce the amount of time you spend using the air
conditioner by using fans or other cooling methods before depending solely on it.
Extreme weather events like heat waves can have a big effect on agriculture, the
environment, and human health. Numerous reasons contribute to its causation, such as
urbanization, specific meteorological occurrences, and climate change on a worldwide scale.
The secret to safeguarding both society and oneself from heat waves is being aware of the
danger they pose and taking appropriate precautions. We can lessen the effects of heat waves
by promoting wise water and energy management, expanding green spaces, and installing
early warning systems. In addition, overcoming this obstacle requires cooperation from
government, communities, and individuals. To increase resilience to the effects of heat
waves, the community must band together and execute activities. Last but not least, a
dedication to proactive and sustainable practices would not only aid in mitigating the
consequences of heat waves but also promote environmental sustainability and the welfare of
coming generations. By adopting a comprehensive and cohesive strategy, we can effectively
address the problem of heat waves and construct a more resilient and prosperous community
Conclusion

In conclusion, Malaysia is experiencing more frequent and severe heatwaves due to climate
change, which creates serious problems for the environment, infrastructure, and public health.
Working together involving numerous stakeholders, including governmental organizations,
trade associations, and the general public, is necessary to address these effects. Engineer
technicians are essential in reducing the consequences of heatwaves because of their
knowledge of energy efficiency, sustainable design, and climate resilience. Malaysia can
better adapt to the growing risk of heatwaves by promoting green technology, putting in place
heat-resilient infrastructure, and raising community awareness. This would ensure a safer and
more sustainable future for the country.

In order to keep this problem from getting worse, cooperation is required. Maintaining
building rules that support sustainable designs, strengthening climate policy, and offering
rewards for the use of green technologies are all necessary for governments. Individuals and
communities can make a difference by adopting eco-friendly practices, encouraging tree-
planting campaigns, and conserving energy. Malaysia can only lessen the effects of
heatwaves and build a more resilient, sustainable future by coordinating efforts that include
public involvement, technology, and policy.
References

[Link]://[Link]/singapura/apa-sebab-terjadinya-gelombang-haba-di-merata-
dunia-dan-adakah-spura-turut-terjejas-675426

[Link]://[Link]/article/21116/the-heat-is-here-to-stay-surviving-climate-
change-is-in-penangs-own-hands

3. [Link]

4. [Link]

[Link]://[Link]/publications/suara-nadi/berhati-hati-dengan-strok-haba-yang-
akan-datang/

6. Level 1 heatwave alert issued for some parts of northern Peninsular Malaysia | The Straits Times