PVC Classification and Properties Overview
Translated by
ScribdTranslationsPVC Classification and Properties Overview
Translated by
ScribdTranslationsCLASSIFICATION
Polyvinyl Chloride (PVC) is a thermoplastic polymer resulting from the
molecular association of the monomer Vinyl Chloride.
By itself, it is the most unstable of thermoplastics, but with additives, it is the most
versatile and can undergo various processes for its transformation, which
it has made it occupy, due to its consumption, the second place in the world behind
Polyethylene.
PVC can be classified in four ways:
By its method of production:
Suspensión, Emulsión, Masa, Disolución
Suspension: They use lauryl peroxide as an indicator of the reaction and water.
as a medium where the reaction takes place and a protective colloid is the most
employee, corresponding to five eighths of the market.
Emulsion: The polymer is dispersed in water, using the help of agents.
dispersion like soaps or detergents, formed in microscopic droplets.
Mass: It is characterized by being a continuous process where catalyst is used.
water, in the absence of suspending agents and emulsifiers its eighth market
of the total global market.
Solution: It is carried out precisely in solution and from this method it is
they produce very high quality resins for certain specialties. For the same reason,
its market volume is low
Peso Molecular:
High Medium under
As the molecular weight increases, the physical properties improve.
mechanics: tension, elongation, compression, impact, greater chemical resistance
solvents, etc.
Due to the type of monomers that make it up:
Homopolymers:
It is obtained by the association of identical monomers.
Copolymers:
They act as internal plasticizers, improving the properties presented by the
external plasticizers. They offer better processability and greater flexibility.
Postchlorinated:
The product is called chlorinated polyvinyl chloride (CPVC) and consists of
increase the chlorine content in the molecules by 10%, its application is in the
manufacturing of pipes and fittings that transport hot water.
For its formulation:
Rigid
For packaging, windows, pipes, which have
largely replaced iron (it oxidizes more)
easily.
Flexible
Cables, toys, footwear, pavements, coatings,
stretched ceilings.
Based on its use.
Commodity plastics
They are everyday plastics, characterized by being economical and of
mass consumption.
Specialty plastics
They are plastics intended for more specific applications and with added value.
considerable.
PHYSICAL PROPERTIES OF PVC
It has a high resistance to abrasion, along with a low density (1.32
-1.42 g/cm3), good mechanical and impact resistance, which makes it common and
ideal for building and construction.
By using additives such as stabilizers, plasticizers among others, PVC
it can transform into a rigid or flexible material, a characteristic that
allows for usage in a large number of applications.
It is stable and inert, which is why it is extensively used where hygiene is
a priority, for example, catheters and blood bags and
hemoderivatives are made with
PVC, as well as many pipes of
drinking water.
It is a highly resistant material,
PVC products can last
for more than sixty years like
it is verified in applications such as
as pipes for conduction of
drinking water and sanitation;
agreement to thestate of the
installations is expected a
extended duration of PVC just like it happens with door frames and
windows.
Due to the chlorine atoms that are part of the PVC polymer, it does not
burns easily nor ignites by itself and ceases to burn once the source
the heat has been removed. The PVC profiles used in construction for
coatings, ceilings, doors, and windows, is due to the little
flammability it presents.
It is effectively used to insulate and protect electrical wires in the home.
offices and in industries because it is a good electrical insulator.
Se vuelve flexible y moldeable sin necesidad de someterlo a altas
temperatures (just a few seconds exposed to a flame) and holds its shape
data and properties once cooled to room temperature, which facilitates
its modification.
High energy value. When energy is recovered in systems
modern waste combustion facilities, where emissions are controlled
Carefully, PVC provides energy and heat to industry and homes.
Wide range of hardnesses
Water resistant.
Rentable. Low installation cost.
It is very resistant to corrosion.
Among the characteristics that were previously mentioned, there is also
they find the following
Thermosetting
They are polymers that cannot be melted through a heating process.
simple, since its mass is so hard that it requires very high temperatures
to suffer some type of destruction.
Elastomers
They are polymers that, although they can be deformed, once the disappears
Agent that caused the loss of its form can return to it.
Thermoplastics
This is a type of polymers that are easy to melt, and therefore
they can be molded. If they have a regular and organized structure, they belong
to the subdivision of the crystalline, but if its structure is disorganized and
irregular, they are considered amorphous.
Addition polymers
They are polymers whose macromolecules have been formed by the union of molecules
unsaturated monomers. E.g.: polyethylene.
Condensation polymers:
They are polymers whose bond between macromolecules is multifunctional, with
separation of a low molecular weight product. For example: Nylon, proteins.
Polyadduct polymers:
They are those whose link between macromolecules is multifunctional, without
separation of simple molecules. E.g.: polyurethanes and resins.
MECHANICAL PROPERTIES OF PVC
PVC is a material that has a chemical combination of carbon and hydrogen.
and chlorine. Its components come from salt (57%) and from petroleum or natural gas.
(43%) mainly, which makes it one of the polymeric materials
less dependent on fossil fuels. Within the characteristics
General features of PVC include both its high resistance and low
density (approximately 1.4 g/3how its
cmversatility in various
applications thanks to the use of hearing aids that provide rigidity or flexibility.
The mechanical properties were evaluated on samples made by molding.
for understanding..
An analysis of variance indicated a significant effect of the factors and their
interaction over all mechanical properties. Epoxy-type plasticizers
they have a lower plasticizing effect, therefore, the higher the percentage
of ESBO in the plasticizing system, the total amount must be greater
plasticizer necessary to achieve specific softening. The effectiveness of
a plasticizer depends on its ability to increase the mobility of the
PVC macromolecules. Generally, lower weight plasticizers
molecular, they produce a greater plasticization of PVC, as their smaller size
gives them greater mobility and, therefore, penetrate to a greater extent the
spaces between the macromolecules.
High molecular weight plasticizers, such as epoxies, penetrate less
measure the intermolecular spaces of PVC and therefore, its effect
plasticizer is lower. However, that lower mobility is one of the
properties, which give them better permanence properties.
ELECTRICAL PROPERTIES OF PVC
They have great electrical insulation power. To measure it, the method of
volumetric resistivity, which also allows for its control
In the insulation, an insulating coating is applied over the conductor.
to avoid current leaks.
Environmental and climatic conditions or contact with aggressive agents,
just as the lack of care in installation, handling, and maintenance are the
Main causes that limit the lifespan of a cable.
Insulations are classified into two main groups: thermoplastics and
thermostable.
The most common thermoplastic insulations in cable manufacturing
electrical are: PVC (Polyvinyl chloride), Z1 (Polyolefins), PE (Linear polyethylene),
Polyurethane (PU), Teflon, Teflon (fluorinated), etc.
Regarding thermosetting insulations, the most common are: EPR (Ethylene
Propylene, XLPE (Cross-Linked Polyethylene), EVA (Ethylene Vinyl Acetate), SI (Silicone)
PCP (Neoprene), SBR (Natural Rubber), etc.
PVC and Polyethylene are used as insulation and as a protective cover for
the electrical cables, due to their high resistance to impacts and abrasion.
OPTICAL PROPERTIES OF PVC
Flexible transparent PVC is a thermoplastic widely used in the sector
industrial due to its wide features. Flexibility, long duration and
ease of working, are some of the most notable properties.
Regarding their use and applications, there are various industrial sectors and
construction that uses this material. It is mainly used to divide
spaces, making awnings and other craft projects.
Some characteristics of flexible transparent PVC plastic.
It is a very flexible and shiny material, in addition to having a smooth surface and
compact.
Provides an insulating barrier that helps maintain temperature.
It is a product easy to maintain and has long durability over time, as well as
also easy to clean.
It withstands different weather conditions, resists the cold, repels water and
it supports UV rays.
THERMAL PROPERTIES
Thermal Conductivity
Thermal Properties
Specific Heat ( J K-1kg-1) 1000-1500
Thermal Expansion Coefficient
75-100
( x10-6K-1)
Thermal Conductivity at 23C ( W m-
0.12-0.25
K )
1 -1
Maximum Usage Temperature
50-75
(C)
Minimum Usage Temperature (C)
-30
)
Hot Deflation Temperature
70
0.45MPa ( C )
Hot Deflation Temperature
67
1.8MPa (C)
Coefficient of expansion
Density 1.37 to 1.42 Kg/dm.
Coefficient of linear expansion 0.000060 to 0.000080 m/°C/m.
Softening temperature > 80 ºC.
Elasticity module at 20º C 28,000 Kg/cm.
Tensile break stress 500 Kg./cm.
Thermal coefficient from 20ºC to 50ºC.
Friction coefficient
Note that there is a static friction coefficient and a
dynamic).
PVC Processing
PVC can be processed by different methods, for example:
Calendaring method
This method is primarily used for the production of sheets or films.
in large volumes, suspension resins are used for the process,
copolymers and homopolymers. This procedure is based on circulating the
composed of PVC by three or more rollers, so that through rotation it
in the form of the movie or film.
Extrusion method
The extrusion method is primarily carried out for the mining industry, consisting of
in a screw at whose end it has a socket that is responsible for giving it
forms flexible or rigid profiles depending on the case, through this
method can be used to manufacture tapes, cords, frameworks, tubes, hoses, among others
other objects.
Injection method
This process is used especially for suspension resins; it consists of
a screw that pushes the previously melted PVC compound into the mold
filling it and creating the desired shape. The injection method is used for the
manufacturing of blenders, rigid piping, footwear and fittings.
Blowing method
It is a method in which extrusion and blowing are combined as such, in this
they mostly produce hollow products. Their main function is to create
glass or plastic bottles.
BIBLIOGRAPHIES
htps://[Link]/en/matflexible PVCtopen [Link]
htps://[Link]/2011/03/[Link]
[Link] › cmematerials › content › polyvinyl chloride
[Link]
htps://[Link]/blog-electric-cable/coatingtos-cables-electrich