CENTRAL UNIVERSITY OF ECUADOR

NOMBRE DEL ESTUDIANTE:

FACULTY:

CAREER: FECHA:
GROUP N.
SEMESTRE: PARALLEL: PRACTICE No.

TOPIC: Friction.

Objectives

1. Determine and compare the coefficients of static and dynamic friction

between two surfaces of different material.
2. Analyze the frictional forces between two surfaces

Experimentation Team

Prism with faces of

different materials.
Friction track of
steel
Calibrated masses of 100
grams
Newtrometer A ± 0.1 (N)

Figure 1. Friction force

Conceptual Foundation
Definition and types of frictional force.
Definición y características de las fuerzas: normal y peso.
First law of Newton
 Procedure

1. Place the friction track on the workbench in such a way

horizontal.
2. Measure the mass of the prism, calculate its weight Wc and record the value.
in Table 1.
3. Place the face of the corosil of the prism on the track as indicated.
Figure 1.
4. Mount the newton meter horizontally and attach it to the body.
for testing.
5. Gradually apply a horizontal force F until the moment
exactly when the prism leaves its state of rest and record this
value in Table1.
6. Add one by one masses m of 0.100 kilograms, repeat steps 4
5. Record the values in Table 1.
7. Apply a force F' that allows the prism to be moved with
constant speed along the track and record the value in the
Table 1.
8. Change the faces of the prism to aluminum, cardboard, and formica and repeat
the steps from numeral 5 to 7. Record the values in tables 2, 3
and 4 respectively

Data Registration

Table 1: Wc = 1.5
Frictional Force Steel-Laminate
mom Wa W = Wa + Wc F=fe W=N u=(Fe/N) F' = fc u=(Fc/N)
(kg) (N) (N) (N) (N) (N)
0 0 1.50 0.4 1.50 0.267 0.3 0.200
0.1 0.98 2.48 0.7 2.48 0.282 0.5 0.202
0.2 1.96 3.46 0.9 3.46 0.260 0.7 0.202
0.3 2.94 4.44 1,2 4.44 0.270 1 0.225

Table 2: Wc =
Frictional Force Steel-Cardboard
ma Wa W = Wa + Wc F=fe W=N u=(Fe/N) F' = fc u=(Fc/N)
(kg) (N) (N) (N) (N) (N)
0 0 1.50 0.7 1.50 0.467 0.6 0.400
0.1 0.98 2.48 1,1 2.48 0.444 1 0.403
0.2 1.96 3.46 1.6 3.46 0,462 1.4 0.404
0.3 2.94 4.44 2 4.44 0.450 1.8 0.405
Table 3: Wc =
Friction Force Steel-Corrosil
ma Wa W = Wa + Wc F=fe W=N u=(Fe/N) F' = fc u=(Fc/N)
(kg) (N) (N) (N) (N) (N)
0 0 1.50 0.5 1.50 0.333 0.4 0.266
0.1 0.98 2.48 0.9 2.48 0.363 0.75 0.242
0.2 1.96 3.46 1,2 3.46 0.347 1 0.289
0.3 2.94 4,44 1.7 4.44 0.382 1,4 0.315

Table 4: Wc =
Frictional Force Steel-Aluminum
ma Wa W = Wa + Wc F=fe W=N u=(Fe/N) F'=fc u=(Fc/N)
(kg) (N) (N) (N) (N) (N)
0 0 1.50 0.5 1.50 0.333 0.25 0.167
0,1 0.98 2.48 0.7 2.48 0.282 0.4 0.161
0.2 1.96 3.46 1 3.46 0.289 0.6 0.173
0.3 2,94 4.44 1,2 4.44 0.270 0.8 0,180

Questionnaire

1. Carry out the corresponding calculations to determine the values of

the coefficients of static and kinetic friction.

Steel-ant

0.4 0.3
μe1= =0.267 μc1= =0.200
1.5 1.5

0.7 0.5
μe2= =0.282 μc2= =0.202
2.48 2.48

0.9 0.7
μe3= =0.260 μc3= =0.202
3.46 3.46

1.2 1
μe4 = =0.270 μc4 = =0.225
4.44 4.44

0.267+0.282+0.260+ 0.270
μe = =0.270
4
0.200+0.202+0.202+0.225
μc = =0.207
4
2) Steel board
 0.7 0.6
μe 1 = =0.467 μc1= =0.400
1.5 1.5

1.1 1
μe 2 = =0.444 μc2= =0.403
2.48 2.48

1.6 1.4
μe3= =0.462 μc3= =0.404
3.46 3.46

2 1.8
μe 4 = =0.450 μc4 = =0.405
4.44 4.44

0.467+0.444+0.462+0.450
μe = =0.441
4
0.400+0.403+ 0.404+0.400
μc = =0.403
5

3) Steel-corrosive

0.5 0.4
μe 1 = =0.333 μc1= =0.266
1.5 1.5

0.9 0.75
μand2= =0.363 μc2= =0.242
2.48 2.48

1.2 1
μe3= =0.347 μc 3 = =0.289
3.46 3.46

1.7 1.4
μe4 = =0.382 μc 4 = =0.315
4.44 4.44

0.333+0.363+0.347+0.382
μe = =0.356
4
0.266+0.242+ 0.289+ 0.315
μc = =0.278
5

4) Steel-aluminum

0.5 0.25
μand1= =0.333 μc1= =0.167
1.5 1.5

0.7 0.4
μand2= =0.282 μc 2 = =0.161
2.48 2.48
 1 0.6
μe3= =0.289 μc3= =0.173
3.46 3.46

1.2 0.8
μand4 = =0.270 μc4 = =0.180
4.44 4.44

0.333+0.282+0.289+ 0.270
μe = =0.293
4
0.167+ 0.161+ 0.173+ 0.180
μc = =0.170
5

2. Graph and analyze the diagrams f=f e (N ) f=f(N)

y c taking the
values obtained in cut 1 (Steel-Corosil).

Static friction.

Mathematical Analysis Dimensional Analysis

∆ fe ∆ fe N
k= k= =
∆N ∆NN
0.9N−0.5N fe
k= ke
2.48N−1.5N N
0.4N MLT−2
k= ke
0.98N MLT−2
k =0.408u k e1

Dynamic Friction
 Mathematical Analysis Dimensional Analysis
∆ fc ∆ fc N
k= k= =
∆N ∆NN
0.75N−0.4N fc
k= ke
2.48N−1.5N N
0.35N MLT−2
k= ke
0.98N MLT−2
k =0.357u k e1

3. Plot the diagram fe=f(N) static friction force and

c
dynamic depending on the Normal force and indicate the static zone,
movement threshold and dynamic zone.

5.00 Diagram 1
4.44
4.50
Steel-Formic
4.00
3.46
3.50
3.00
2.48
2.50
F=fe
2.00
1.50 F'=fc
1.50
1.00
0.200
0.50 0.202 0.202 0.225
0.00
0.4 0.7 0.9 1.2
fe/c

Static zone Dynamic zone

 F=fe F'=fc W=N
0.4 0.3 1.50
0.7 0.5 2.48
0.9 0.7 3.46
1,2 1 4.44

Diagram 2

Steel-Cardboard
5.00 4.44
4.50
4.00 3.46
3.50
3.00 2.48
2.50 F=fe
1.50
2.00 F'=fc
1.50
1.00
0.400 0.403 0.404 0.405
0.50
0.00
0.7 1.1 1.6 2
fe/c

Static zone Dynamic zone

F=fe F' = fc W=N

0.7 0.6 1.50
1,1 1 2.48
1.6 1.4 3.46
2 1.8 4.44

Steel-Corrosil Diagram 3

5.00 4.44
4.50
4.00 3.46
3.50
3.00 2.48
2.50 F=fe
2.00
1.50 F'=fc
1.50
1.00
0.266 0.242 0.289 0.315
0.50
0.00
0.5 0.9 1.2 1.7
fe/c
 static zone Dynamic zone

F=fe F' = fc W=N

0.5 0.4 1.50
0.9 0.75 2.48
1,2 1 3.46
1.7 1.4 4.44

Diagram 4
Steel-Aluminum
5.00 4.44
4.00 3.46

3.00 2.48
F=fe
1.50
2.00 F' = fc

1.00
0.167 0.161 0.173 0.180
0.00
0.5 0.7 1 1.2
fe/c

Static zone Dynamic zone

F=fe F' = fc W=N

0.5 0.25 1.50
0.7 0.4 2.48
1 0.6 3.46
1,2 0.8 4.44

4. Compare the results of the coefficients and establish a

conclusion
 MATERIALS fe fc
me= μc=
N N

Steel-Corosil 0.356 0.278

Steel - Aluminum 0.293 0.170
Steel - Cardboard 0.455 0.403
Formic Acid 0,269 0.207

We can say that the values of the coefficients of static friction are higher
greater than the coefficients of kinetic friction, when the movement is static
It takes much more strength than at the start of moving, and when this happens, it loses.
force.

Conclusions

Thanks to the practice carried out, we can conclude that friction will
it depends a lot on the type of surface on which we do the work as well as
also of the weight since in this way the movement will also be
affected.
Based on question 3 and its tables, we can conclude that the static zone goes
being less than the dynamic zone, this is because the dynamic zone is where
the momentum will be taken to move the body and as we had seen in the
In practice, the static zone will be the smallest where it returns to its resting state.
Despite the errors that exist in all practices, it can be observed
that the equations of the static and dynamic coefficients can be
check that they have a constant trajectory.

Bibliography

[Link]
Alvarenga B. and Ribeiro da Luz A. (1983). General Tax with experiments
simplicities (3rd ed.). Mexico City, Mexico: Harla S.A.