CALCULATION OFAN INSTALLATION OF

HEATINGBY
RADIATORS

WirsboisaproductoftheUponorGroup.
 HEATINGBYRADIATORS

Chapter 4

4.-CALCULATIONOFANINSTALLATION

4.1.-STARTING DATA

The first step before starting the design and calculations is to verify that
account party with all the necessary information:

A clear and legible plan of the building indicating the scale and orientation.
tionofthesame.

Memory of material qualities.

Indication of where the boiler will be placed in the building and the
locationofthefeedingtubesinascendingbranchesandbifurcation
inthebasementofthebuilding.

It is advisable to have some items available, such as a wheel.

of measurement or planimeter (device for measuring distances on maps) and a
template (for drawing pipe circuits).

.sessoelcudeodrettalusniw
lesbyw
agnlam
etiT
sueho
actions by transmission through the walls with the consequent energy saving
what that implies.

Theradiatorsshouldbeplaced,wheneverpossible,underthe
windows, without any element that could impede air convection in the room
curtains, decorative elements, etc.

In addition, the regulations in force at the national level must be followed (drainage,
vapor barriers, etc.).

It is also necessary to know the location of the heat generator from the
principle.

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4.2.- DESIGN CRITERIA

.eruteadm
earieovptsrgptnsyisiesofT
ptaehreuhp
environment in a inhabited space through a heat contribution, by means of a
emitting element, capable of counteracting the heat losses that occur
in the premises plus the necessary contribution to obtain the same conditions
of comfort.

TheRegualoitnonThermalInsataloitnsinBudlinigs(RITE)brnigstogehterthe
mandatory regulations that govern this type of installation
ciones.

TheComplementaryTechnicalInstructionsITE.O2establishtherequirements
environmental and comfort (thermal comfort) conditions for any premises, and it goes like this:

The thermal environment is defined by those characteristics that condition

in the thermal exchanges of the human body with the environment, in fun-
of the person's activity and the thermal insulation of their clothing.
mint, and that affect the sense of well-being of its occupants. These
Characteristics are air temperature, mean radiant temperature.
of the enclosure, the average air speed in the occupied area and, lastly,
the partial vapor pressure of water or the relative humidity.

The orienti dgenis conistdi w

lli be est baesd on het [Link]
metabolism of people and their degree of clothing and, in general, they will be
understanding between the following limits:

TEMPERATURE SPEED HUMIDITY

STATION MEDIA
OPERATIONAL(OC) FROMTHEAIR(m/s) RELATIVE
Summer 23 to 25 0.18 to 0.24 40% to 60%
Winter 20 to 23 0.15 to 0.20 40% to 60%

For a correct calculation of a heating installation, the following must be followed

the following steps:

1st.- Check that the building plan is clear and legible, and that it indicates the
location of the generator in the building and the location of the pipes
feeding, risers and branches within the building.
2nd.- Divide the building into rooms, assigning a name to each one or
reference.
3rd.- Calculate the thermal transmission coefficient (Kv of each of the
enclosures, based on the data of the materials (thickness, conductivity-
dad, etc).
4th.- Calculate the heat demands of each room.
5th.- Calculate the emitters needed to counteract those demands.
6th.- Calculate the diameter of the pipes in the installation.
7º.- Calculate the pressure drop in the circuit.
8th.- Select the circulation pump.
9th.- Calculate the power of the heat generator.

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4.3.-CALCULATIONOFKiOFTHEENCLOSURES

We start from a heat source Q. In each of the construc- elements

we will have a temperature difference that will be approximately
next distribution:

Where:
Ti = Temperatura en cada uno de los puntos del cerramiento, enO C
e i = thickness in m
i heat transfer surface coefficient ( 1 of admission and 2 from
emission) in

i = thermal conductivity coefficient in

Q = Amount of heat in
S = surface in m 2

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Thedifferent∆Twillhavethefollowingvalues:

We can group the temperature differences as we wish for a cone-

the temperature at a specific point. For example, we want to know the temperature of
Knowing
4 the interior temperature:

Clearing, we will obtain:

And in the same way we will be able to know the value of Q, knowing two t...
temperatures and the characteristics of the materials used:

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If the known temperatures are T y T , as usually

int happens
ext in
for heating, the value of Q will be:

We can then define the value of the thermal transmission coefficient of the
closure K, such as:

And the value of Q will be:

Example:

Assuming that the surface is 100 m and that the enclosure

2
is composed of
From the materials indicated in the figure, calculate the value of Q and the value of the
temperature in T, T, T,1T, and
2 T.3(T =420
int C5; T ext
O
= 0 C)
O

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As already indicated, the value of Q will be:

Substituting, we will have:

Therefore, the value of the thermal transmission coefficient of this ceramic...

it will be:

And the value of Q will be:

Knowing these values, we can calculate the temperature at which it

they find each of the layers as follows:

:ebllT
w
tiaerutam
repteT
h 1

:ebllT
nw
ierutam
repteT
h 2

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:ebllT
nw
ierutam
repteT
h 3

:ebllT
nw
ierutam
repteT
h 4

:ebllT
nw
ierutam
repteT
h 5

Note: For the calculations, the base temperature T is taken, but in the same
int way, other values can be reached.
to the same results based on T ext and clearing the values from this.

Therefore, the initial temperature diagram will be as follows:

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Ifweobservethsidsirbtuoitnoftemperautres,wecanverfiyhtat
The polystyrene board is where the greatest thermal jump occurs (∆T = 12.6 C) O

which means that by properly insulating the enclosure, the losses of 10

decrease considerably.

Let's imagine that we do not place the polystyrene board. The losses obtained
nidas shoot up to a Q = 4022.3 Kcal/h, which represents an increase of a
267.8 %.

In addition, the distribution of temperatures would be as follows:

T1 = 11,9O C

T2 = 11'7O C

T3 = T4 = 10
O
C

T5 = 2O C

We can see that the surface temperature T is considerably 1reduced.

regarding the isolated one, and that the greatest thermal jump in the enclosure occurs in
the ceramic vault because it is thicker than the others.

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4.4.-CALCULATIONOFHEATDEMANDS

For the calculation of heat demand, the procedures can be followed

All calculations, always adhering to the prescriptions indicated in the Standard.
Basic Building CT-79 (Thermal Conditions in Buildings).

Heat loss diagram in a dwelling

To carry out the calculations of heat losses in a room or premises, one must
use the following general formula:

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Where:

∆Ti= T -1T Difference

2 between the temperatures on one side and the other of the enclosure.
T1 = Tª inside the enclosure O (C)
T2 = Tª outside the enclosure O (C)

Ki = Thermal transmission coefficient of each closure ( )

Ai = Net area of each of the enclosures of the premises: walls, windows, doors.
floor, ceiling, etc...(m) 2

ΔTint-ext = Tint
- T ext Difference between the temperatures inside and outside.
Tint Tª interior (corresponds to the environment) (C) O

Text = Outside temperature (corresponds to the street) (C) O

V=Volumen del aire del local (m ) 3

C=
e Calor específico del aire,

Pe = Specific weight of dry air,

n = nO of air renewals per hour

F= Supplements that will be: The following table shows us the supplements that
we must add to compensate for the heat loss:

CONCEPT OF SUPPLEMENT INVALUE

By north orientation 0.05 - 0.07
By intermission: nighttime reduction 0.05
Due to intermittency: 8 to 9 hours stopped 0.10
Due to intermittent issues: more than 10 hours stopped 0.20 - 0.25
More than 2 walls to the outside 0.05
Latest tall building plants 0.02 per meter

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Following the design criteria, we are going to calculate the energy demand of the
next location:

Length=10m. Adoors = 4 m 2.

Ancho = 10 m. Awindows = 2.5 m.2

Height = 2.5 m. AceilingA soil = (10 X 10) = 100 m. 2

V=(10x10x25.)=250m. 3 Awalls = ((4 X (10 X 2.5)) - (4 + 2.5)) = 93.5 m. 2

To simplify the example, let's assume that all the enclosures provide
outdoors (therefore the ∆T is constant), that there are no losses downwards (therefore
we do not need the K of that enclosure) and that we only have supplements for orientation
north station.

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Tendremos entonces que:

Kdoors = 2 Kcal/h m C
2 O

Kwindows = 3 Kcal/h m C
2 O

KceilingO, 77Kcal/h m C (limit

2 O
of the heat transmission coefficient for
a cover, marked by NBE CT -79

Kwalls = 1.03 Kcal/h m C

2 O
(limit of heat transfer coefficient for a
facade, marked by the NBE CT-79

n = 0.5 times/h

F = 0.05 (for north orientation)

Tint 20 CO
Text = -5 CO

Applying the formula:

Q =

we will have

Q =

Q =

therefore:

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4.5 - CALCULATION OFATWIN PIPE INSTALLATION

We will now analyze the details of a

installation of heating by radiators with a bitubular system also analyzes-
We will also give an example of installation using collectors.

We took a flat similar to the one in the figure:

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To simplify, let's assume that we have calculated the key of the locks.
and therefore, the heating demands of the home will be:

BITUBULAR SYSTEM
LOCAL No. AREA(m ) 2
DEMAND (Kcal/ h )

Dining room 1 45 3.800

Kitchen 2 12.6 850
Lobby 3 9.5 494
Hygiene 4 2.8 203
Dorm 1 5 7,8 695
Dorm 2 6 8.6 754
Dorm 3 7 10 796
Bathroom 8 4.4 395
Dorm 4 9 9.3 878
TOTAL HOUSING 8.865

Next, we will choose the type of emitter to place in each location according to
the tables provided by each manufacturer, in this case we have chosen radiators from
injected aluminum, according to the attached table.

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To determine the number of elements per radiator to be placed in each room,

just divide the total number of Kcal/h that the radiator must emit by the
Kcal/h emitted by each element.

For example, for the radiator placed in the kitchen, a choice has been made for a
radiator model 2000/600, which emits 150.2 Kcal/h according to the attached table.
I mentor.

Knowing that it has been considered that the thermal demand of that premises is
850 Kcal/h is obtained:

number of elements radial kitchen =

850
= 5.66 element 6 elem.
150.2
Operating in the same way for the other dependencies results in:

NUMBER OF ELEMENTS PER RADIATOR

Local Nº Kcal/hLoc [Link]/helem ElementNo. Total number of elements

Dining room 1 1.572 2000/600 150.2 10.46 11

Dining room 1' 2.228 2000/700 174 12.80 13
Kitchen 2 850 2000/600 150.2 5.66 6
Hall 3 494 2000/350 88 5.61 6
Hygiene 4 203 2000/350 88 2.30 3
Dorm 1 5 695 2000/600 150.2 4.63 5
Dorm 2 6 754 2000/600 150.2 5.02 5
Dorm 3 7 796 2000/600 150.2 5.30 6
Bathroom 8 395 2000/350 88 4.48 5
Dorm 4 9 878 2000/600 150.2 5.84 6

Once the radiators to be installed in each room are known, we will calculate
the diameter of the pipes per installation section, from the boiler to the last-
my radiator.

We have established a design criterion so that the pressure drop does not
exceeded in straight sections 40 mm.c.a/m and established a maximum speed of
2m/s.

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For the present installation, it is planned to install cross-linked polyethylene piping.

Wirsbo-evalPEX side (provided with oxygen diffusion barrier). Given that 1
the roughness of evalPEX pipes is very low, we will be able to size ours,
pipes very close to the limits established by the standard, without this causing any
there is a problem of noise or erosion of them.

In order to simplify the calculations, all the data has been obtained from the
loss of charge nomograms - flow - speed attached herein
manual (see attachments). The lengths corresponding to the different sections are
they are taken as starting data, given that they have actually been obtained on the
land or measurements based on actual installation plans.

Let'sfirstlookatalayoutoftheinstallation:

In this case, a direct return instalation has been designed. The circuit of
return begins at the radiators farthest from the boiler and collects the
water from the other radiators.

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To establish which diameter is the appropriate diameter, it is enough to enter

in the head loss - flow - velocity nomogram (see appendix) with the
Kcal/h to transport, and read which pressure loss and which speed correspond.
with her.

For example, for the section from B to Rad 5, which transports 3,040 Kcal/h, read-
More than for a 16 x 2 mm eval-PEX pipe, there corresponds a loss of
load of 18 mm.c.a/m and 0.39 m/s of speed. Quantities that result perfect-
acceptable minds.

The following scheme shows the distribution of necessary heat powers.

sections:

Rad 7-Rad 8 395 Kcal/h

Rad 6-Rad 7 1.191 Kcal/h
Rad 5-Rad 6 1.945 Kcal/h
B-Rad 5 2.640 Kcal/h
Square root of 3 minus
878 square
Kcal/h root of 9
Rad 4-Rad 3 1.372 Kcal/h
Rad 2-Rad 4 1.575 Kcal/h
B-Rad 2 2.425 Kcal/h
Rad 1-Rad 1' 2.228 Kcal/h
A-Rad 1 3.800 Kcal/h
A-B 5.065 Kcal/h
CALD-A 8.865 Kcal/h

Due to the direct return installation, the dimensions of the pipes of

The outbound and return segments are identical as the flow rates in both are the same.
But in the case of designing a reverse return installation, the following must be done
two tables (one for the supply and another for the return) of the sections since the
flow rates in this case will be inverse.

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eohm
asm
utlebhsiadym
efthorcatT
ehta
for the installation's pipes (as already indicated, this table corresponds to
to the drive and return as they will be identical):
SUMMARY TABLE OF PIPE DIMENSIONING

SECTION POWER Ø Losses LONG TOTALLOSSES

Rad 7 - Rad 8 395 Kcal/h 16 x 2,0 0.42 mm.c.a./m 4m 1.69 mm c.a.

Rad 6 - Rad 7 1.191 Kcal/h 16 x 2,0 3.08 mm.c.a./m 7m 21.58 mm approximately.

Rad 5 - Rad 6 1.945 Kcal/h 16 x 2.0 7.45 mm.c.a./m 5m 37.27 mm approx.

B - Rad 5 2.640 Kcal/h 16 x 2.0 12.92 mm.c.a./m 6m 77.52 mm c.a.

TOTALSECTION 138.07 m m .c.a.

SECTION POWER Ø LOST LONG TOTALLOSSES

Rad 3 - Rad 9 878 Kcal/h 16 x 2,0 1.78 mm.c.a./m 5m 8.90 mm approx.

Rad 4 - Rad 3 1.372 Kcal/h 16 x 2.0 3.98 mm.c.a./m 5m 19.89 mm approx.

Rad 2 - Rad 4 1.575 Kcal/h 16 x 2.0 5.10 mm ca/m 3m 15.30 mm approx.

B - Rad 2 2.425 Kcal/h 16 x 2.0 11.09 mm.c.a./m 2m 22.18 mm approx.

TOTALSECTION 66.26 mm approx.

SECTION POWER Ø LOST LONG TOTALLOSSES

Rad 1 - Rad 1'2.228 Kcal/h 16 x 2.0 9.52 mm.c.a./m 5m 47.60 mm approximately.

A-Wheel1 3,800 Kcal/h 16 x 2.0 24.89 mm.c.a./m 7m 174.24 mm approximately.

TOTALSECTION 221.83 m m .c.a.

SECTION POWER Ø LOST LONG TOTALLOSSES

A- B 5.065 Kcal/h 20 x 2.0 10.98 mm.c.a./m 8m 87.81 mm c.a.

TOTALSECTION 87.81 m m .c.a.

SECTION POWER Ø LOSSES LONG TOTALLOSSES

CALD-A 8.865 Kcal/h 20 x 2.0 30.13 mm c.a./m 7m 210.93 mm c.a.

TOTALSECTION 210.93 mm c.a.

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We now have to choose the pump to supply the heating circuit,

For this we will have to look for a pump capable of supplying flow to the entire
installation and capable of overcoming the pressure losses of the most disadvantaged circuit.

sevm
ulehavsebtflolw
tiiucrieclbarovaehfnm
utfsosodaolT
ehl
valves etc. and losses in radiators boilers etc.

In this case, the most unfavorable circuit is the one that goes from the boiler to
the radiator 8 as shown in the attached diagram.

Observing the previous table, it can be inferred that the pressure losses
due to friction in the supply and return pipes of the boiler circuit
radiator 8 sound:

∆Pcirc imp =∆P CAL-A +∆P A-B +∆P B-Rad8 = 210,93 + 87,81 + 138,07
∆P circum p =436.81mm.c.a.

∆Pcirc ret =∆P Rad8-B +∆P B-A +∆P A-CAL = 138,07 + 87,81 + 210,93
∆P circle ret =436.81mm.c.a.

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Thepressurelossesinthefittingswillbe:

∆P ACC =136mm.c.a.

And the pressure losses in the boiler will be:

∆P CAL
= 382 mm c.a.

Therefore:

ΔPBOMB =∆P circ imp +∆P circ ret +∆P ACC +∆P CAL = 436.81 + 436.81 + 136 + 382

∆P BOMB 1,391.62mm.c.a.

It is necessary to know the flow rate that the pump must supply. Knowing the
boiler power we can calculate this necessary flow for the installation, with
the formula: (Assuming a ∆T of the circuit of 20 C) O

PCALDERA
Q = (I/ s)
Delta TCIRCUITO 3.600

If we work with a ΔT of the circuit of 20 C and substitute:

O

8.865
Q= =0.123 I/ s
20 * 3.600

Therefore, the characteristics of the pump we are looking for will be the following:

Q = 0.123 I/s

∆P = 1.39 m.c.a.

We would be looking for a pump capable of delivering a flow rate of 0.123 L/s
with a pressure of 1.4 meters of water column.

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4.6.- CALCULATION OFAMONOTUBE INSTALLATION

As already explained in the section on the particularities of the installation

monotube actions are based on the series placement of the emitters, through a
the only pipe whose supply and return form a closed loop, called a ring.

As the hot water circulates through the emitters, the temperature-

is decreasing, and consequently the inlet temperature to each emitter is
different.

This fact must be compensated by placing larger emitters as needed.

let's advance in the ring.

To assess this fact during the calculations, we will correct the power of
each sender according to their order number in the ring.

Likewise, that temperature difference conditions the maximum number of

emitters per ring, which is recommended to be more than 6 emitters.

Ifhtenumberofemetirsweregreaet,rhtewaetrwoudlreachatemperautreas
This low yield would be practically inoperative or its size would have to be excessive.
again big.

It could happen that the total required power is very high.

(5,500 to 6,000 Kcal/h) and with 6 or 7 radiators, it would be more advisable to make two.
rings, even when the number of issuers allowed us to do just one.

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The same installation example as in the section is presented below.

previous but with a single-pipe system installation design. As can be
the fact that we have to install ten emitters forces us to think directly
perfectly on two rings.

Theheatingneedsofthehomeare:

MONOTUBULAR SYSTEM
LOCAL No. AREA(m ) 2
DEMANDA(Kcal/ h )

Dining room 1 45 3.800

Kitchen 2 12.6 850
Lobby 3 9.5 494
Hygiene 4 2.8 203
Dorm 1 5 7.8 695
Dorm 2 6 8.6 754
Dorm 3 7 10 796
Bathroom 8 4.4 395
Dorm 4 9 9.3 878
TOTAL HOUSING 8.865

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Thetworingswillremainasfollows:

RING No. 1 RING NO. 2

LOCAL nº DEM LOCAL nº DEM
Dining room 1 1.572 Kitchen 2 850
Dining room 1' 2.228 Dorm 1 5 695
Dorm 2 6 754
Lobby 3 494 Dorm 3 7 796
Hygiene 4 203 Bathroom 8 395
TOTAL1 4.497 Dorm 4 9 878
TOTAL2 4.368
To correct the powers according to the order number by ring and emitter, one must
will use the following table:

No. CORRECTION FACTOR

orderof
aIminpain
Number of broadcasters in the year
inthe
anillo 3 4 5 6 7
1 1.06 1.03 1.01 1 0.9
2 1.15 1,10 1.07 1.05 1.04
3 1.25 1.17 1.13 1.10 1.06
4 - 1.25 1.19 1.15 1,12
5 - - 1.25 1.20 1.15
6 - - - 1.25 1.20
7 - - - - 1.25

For example, in ring No. 1, with 4 emitters, the corrected power of the
emitter located in the restroom (Rad 4), last of the ring, would be:

Correction factor according to table: 1.25

Estimated power: 203 Kcal/h
Corrected power: 203 x 1.25 = 253.75 Kcal/h.

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m
eufhnoroebtgntidrocasdw
oepretcerroehcw
ohetslbagnw
toilloT
ehf
emitters of the ring and their serial number:

RING NO. 1 Nº EMISORES EN EL ANILLO= 4

LOCAL POT Order Number FACTOR CORRC. POT CORRECT.
Dining room (1) 1.572 Kcal/h 1 1,03 1.619 Kcal/h
Dining room (1') 2.228 Kcal/h 2 1.10 2.451 Kcal/h
Lobby(3) 494 Kcal/h 3 1.17 578 Kcal/h
Hygiene (4) 203 Kcal/h 4 1.25 254 Kcal/h
TOTAL 4.902 Kcal/h

RING NO. 2 Nº EMISORES EN EL ANILLO= 6

LOCAL POT ORDER NUMBERFACTORS CORR. POT CORRECT.
Kitchen (2) 850 Kcal/h 1 1 850 Kcal/h
Dorm 1 (5) 695 Kcal/h 2 1.05 730 Kcal/h
Dorm 2 (6) 754 Kcal/h 3 1.10 829 Kcal/h
Dorm 3 (7) 796 Kcal/h 4 1.15 915 Kcal/h
Bathroom (8) 395 Kcal/h 5 1.20 474 Kcal/h
Dorm 4 (9) 878 Kcal/h 6 1.25 1.098 Kcal/h

TOTAL 4.896 Kcal/h

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Thenumberofelementsisobtainedinamanneranalogoustothatusedinthe
previous section (see p. 65). For the present case, radial options have also been chosen.
injected aluminum doors.

NUMBER OF ELEMENTS PER RADIATOR

Local No. Kcal/hLoc [Link]/helem [Link] Total number of elements

Dining room 1 1.572 2000/600 150.2 10.46 11

Dining room 1' 2.228 2000/700 174 12,80 13
Kitchen 2 850 2000/600 150.2 5.66 6
Hall 3 494 2000/350 88 5.61 6
Hygiene 4 203 2000/350 88 2.30 3
Dorm 1 5 695 2000/600 150.2 4.63 5
Dorm 2 6 754 2000/600 150.2 5.02 5
Dorm 3 7 796 2000/600 150.2 5.30 6
Bathroom 8 395 2000/350 88 4.48 5
Dorm 4 9 878 2000/600 150.2 7,84 6

Next, we must choose the necessary piping for each ring, which
we will do it based on the total flow, or on the total Kcal/h by ring, to obtain
having as always minimal pressure losses.

We have chosen WIRSBO -evalPEX pipe again for being an install-

built-in installation, we could have chosen multi-layer pipe for a visible installation,
(It can also be used for built-in installations although it is less common),
or any other alternative that WIRSBO offers for this type of installation
nes (WIRSBO -OpPEX, WIRSBO - RadiPEX).

Therefore, taking the total powers per ring, entering into the nomogram.
but from pressure losses, as on previous occasions it is obtained:

SUMMARY TABLE DIMENSIONING OF PIPES Wirsbo-evalPEX

SECTION POWER Ø LOST LONG TOTALLOSSES

RING No. 1 4.902 Kcal/h 16 x 2.0 39.36 mm c.a./m 30 1,180.80 mm c.a.

RING No. 2 4.896 Kcal/h 16 x 2.0 39.28 mm.c.a./m 38 1,492.64 mm.g.a.

CALD-COL 9.798 Kcal/h 20 x 2.0 36.09 mm.c.a./m 4m 144.36 mm approx.

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Once again for the pump calculation, we select the most des- circuit
favorable, it is also necessary to take into account the pressure losses in the lla-
monotube, since it must be provided by the manufacturer, depending on flow rate, etc.

Therefore, the pressure loss of the most unfavorable circuit will be the sum of
the pressure losses due to the friction of the pipes, due to the accesses-
rivers, single-tube keys, etc. the losses in radiators, boilers, etc. In this case the
the most unfavorable circuit is the one corresponding to ring number 2, as shown by the
attached scheme.

According to the table above, the head losses in ring no. 2 will be:
∆P anillono.2 1,492.64 m m .c.a. The pressure losses in the fittings, valves
monotube, etc. will be: ∆P ACC = 168 m m .c.a. And the pressure losses in the boiler
will be: ∆P CAL =382mm.c.a.

Therefore:

∆PBOMB =∆P ring number 2+∆P

ACC +∆P CAL 1,492.64 + 168 + 382 = 2,042.64mm.c.a.

It is necessary to know the flow rate that the pump must supply. Knowing the
boiler power we can calculate this necessary flow for the installation, with
the formula: (Assuming a ∆T of the circuit of 20 C) O

PCALDERA 9.798
Q= = =0.136 / I s
∆TCIRCUITO 3.600 20 * 3.600

Therefore, the characteristics of the pump we are looking for will be the following:

Q = 0.136 /I s
∆P = 2.04 m.c.a.
We would be looking for a pump capable of delivering a flow rate of 0.136 L/s
with a pressure head of 2.04 meters of water column.
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4.7.- CALCULATION OFA SYSTEM BY COLLECTORS

Siguiendo con el ejemplo de los apartados anteriores vamos a diseñar una

installation by collectors. It is interesting to consider this type of system because of its
ease of installation, its lower cost of accessories and pipes and even its greater
ease of balancing the installation.

For this system, we will place two independent collectors, one of four and the other of six.
outputs respectively, according to the scheme.

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In the present scheme, the supply and return pipes have been drawn.
not clearly differentiated and separated, however their routes can be traced
two round trips so that they are practically identical.

Theheatingrequirementsofthehousingare:

COLLECTOR SYSTEMS
LOCAL No. AREA(m) 2
DEMAND (Kcal/h)

Dining room 1 45 3,800

Kitchen 2 12.6 850
Lobby 3 9.5 494
Toilet 4 2.8 203
Dorm 1 5 7.8 695
Dorm 2 6 8.6 754
Dorm 3 7 10 796
Bathroom 8 4,4 395
Dorm 4 9 9.3 878
TOTAL HOUSING 8.865

As in the previous examples and according to the thermal demands of

In each location, the radiators and the number of elements are chosen first.
each of them, according to the thermal demand of the premises and the model of radiator.
In this case, the choice of radiators and their elements is exactly the same.
that in the double-tube system, that is:

NUMBER OF ELEMENTS PER RADIATOR

Local No. Kcal/hLoc [Link]/helem No. elem Total number of elements

Dining room 1 1.572 2000/600 150.2 10.46 11

Dining room 1' 2.228 2000/700 174 12.80 13
Kitchen 2 850 2000/600 150.2 5.66 6
Receptionist 3 494 2000/350 88 5.61 6
Hygiene 4 203 2000/350 88 2.30 3
Dorm 1 5 695 2000/600 150.2 4.63 5
Dorm 2 6 754 2000/600 150.2 5.02 5
Dorm 3 7 796 2000/600 150.2 5.30 6
Bathroom 8 395 2000/350 88 4.48 5
Dorm 4 9 878 2000/600 150.2 5.84 6

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Thetwocollectorswillremainasfollows:

RING Nº 1 RING NO. 2

LOCAL nº DEM LOCAL nº DEM
Dining room 1 1.572 Cleaning 4 203
Dining room 1' 2.228 Dorm 1 5 695
Dorm 2 6 754
Kitchen 2 850 Dorm 3 7 796
Vestibule 3 494 Bathroom 8 395
TOTAL1 5.144 Dorm 4 9 878
TOTAL2 3.721

For the selection of pipes, we again choose WIRSBO-evalPEX pipe,

Since it is a built-in installation and due to its oxygen diffusion barrier,
geno.

As in the previous examples, for the choice of the diameter of the tubes-
We will do it based on the pressure losses and the speed, according to the
nomograms attached in the annexes.

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two and the pressure losses per circuit.

It should be taken into account that in this case the outbound circuit and the return circuit
they have been considered equal, so to obtain the total pressure loss, it is based
it will multiply the loss of load obtained in the power circuit by two
station or return interchangeably.

As can be seen, the method used for calculating the diameters

It is exactly the same as followed in the bitubo system.

In view of the attached loss of pressure nomogram and based on the

Kcal/h we will obtain a value of pressure loss per linear meter of pipe.

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 CALEFACCIÓNPORRADIADORES

COLLECTOR NO. 1

RADIATOR POWER Ø LOST LONG TOTALLOSSES

Rad 1 1.572 Kcal/h 16 x 2.0 5,081 mm.c.a./m 10 m 50.81 mm approx.

Rad 1' 2.228 Kcal/h 16 x 2.0 9,520 mm.c.a./m 12 m 114.24 mm approx.

Rad 2 850 Kcal/h 16 x 2.0 1,680 mm.c.a./m 9m 15.12 mm approximately.

Rad 3 494 Kcal/h 16 x 2.0 0.632 mm.c.a./m 11 m 6.95 mm approx.

TOTAL COL Nº 1 187.12 m m .c.a.

COLLECTOR NO. 2

RADIATOR POWER Ø Lost LONG TOTALLOSSES

Rad 4 203 Kcal/h 16 x 2.0 0.128 mm c.a./m 15 m 1.92 mm approximately.

Rad 5 695 Kcal/h 16 x 2.0 1,169 mm.c.a./m 18 m 9.35 mm approx.

Rad 6 754 Kcal/h 16 x 2.0 1,354 mm.c.a./m 12 m 16.25 mm approx.
Rad 7 796 Kcal/h 16 x 2.0 1,492 mm.c.a./m 14 m 20.89 mm. approx.

Rad 8 395 Kcal/h 16 x 2,0 0.423 mm.c.a./m 6 m 2.54 mm approx.

Rad 9 878 Kcal/h 16 x 2.0 1,781 mm.c.a./m 10 m 17.81 mm c.a.

TOTAL COL No. 2 68.76 m c.a.

SECTION POWER Ø LOST LONG TOTALLOSSES

A - COL 1 5.144 Kcal/h 20 x 2.0 11,287 mm.c.a./m 8m 90.30 mm approx.

TOTALSECTION 90.30 m m .c.a.

SECTION POWER Ø Lost LONG TOTALLOSSES

A - COL 2 3.721 Kcal/h 20 x 2.0 6.293 mm.c.a./m 14 m 88.10 mm approx.

TOTALSECTION 88.10 mm c.a.

SECTION POWER Ø Lost LONG TOTALLOSSES

CALD-A 8.865 Kcal/h 20 x 2,0 30,133 mm.c.a./m 6m 210.93 mm. approx.

TOTALSECTION 180.80 m m .c.a.

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With the pipes already chosen, we only have to select the necessary pump for the
installation, for that let's first see which is the most unfavorable circuit.

As we already know, the pressure drop of the most unfavorable circuit will be the
sum of the head losses due to the friction of the pipes, due to the
collectors, etc. already the loss in radiators, boilers, etc.

From the table, it can be observed that the most unfavorable circuit is the following.
corresponding to radiator 1' (Rad 1'), as shown in the attached diagram:

Therefore, the pressure losses from the boiler to Rad l' will be:

∆PCAL-Rad 1 = (∆P Rad1'-COL 1 +∆P COL 1-A +∆ PA-CAL) X 2

∆PCAL-Rad 1 = (114,24 + 90,30 + 180,80) X 2

∆P CAL-Rad1 770.68mm.c.a.

Thepressurelossesinthecollectorwillbe:

∆P COL
= 94 m m .c.a.

And the pressure losses in the boiler will be:

∆P CAL
= 382 mm c.a.

Therefore:

∆PBOMB =∆P CAL-Rad 1 +∆P COL +∆P CAL = 770,68 + 94 + 382

∆P BOMB 1,246.68mm.c.a.

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It is necessary to know the flow rate that the pump must supply. Knowing the
boiler power we can calculate this necessary flow for the installation, with
the formula: (Assuming a ∆T of the circuit of 20 C) O

PCALDERA
Q = (I/ s)
∆TCIRCUITO 3.600

If we work with a circuit ∆T of 20 C and substitute:O

8.865
Q= 0.123 I/s
20 * 3.600

Therefore, the characteristics of the pump we are looking for will be the following:

Q = 0.123 I/s

∆P = 1.25 m.c.a.

We would be looking for a pump capable of supplying a flow rate of 0.123 L/s
with a pressure of 1.25 meters of water column.

We note that in this type of installation, the pressure drop in access-

sorios is minimized, since the outbound and return circuits are made of
directly, without accessories, due to the great flexibility of the pipe
Wirsbo-evalPEX. In any case, loss of load tables are attached.
valid in accessories, in the annex, for the necessary calculations.

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