1.

0 Project Description

The structural system of the present project includes 6 structural walls:

walls 1, 2, and 3 only reach the first slab; walls 4, 5, and 6 reach up to
the last level.

Location on the floor of the structural walls.

2.0 Design requirements for structural walls defined in the Regulations

NSR-10

The units used are as follows: for length, the millimeter (mm),
for area the square millimeter (mm²), for force the Newton (N), for
moment the Newton millimeter (N-mm), for stress or force per unit of
area, the Mega Pascal (1MPa = 1N/mm²) and for mass the kilogram (kg).

Shear resistance (C.11.1 NSR-10)

C.11.9.2— The design of the horizontal section for shear in the plane of the wall
it must be based on equations (C.11-1) and (C.11-2), where Vc must be
agreement with C.11.9.5 or C.11.9.6, and Vs must comply with what is stipulated in C.11.9.9.

C.11.1.1 — Except for elements designed according to Appendix A, the

design of cross-sections subjected to shear must be based on

where Vu is the maximum shear force in the considered section and Vn is the
nominal shear resistance calculated by

where Vc is the nominal shear resistance provided by the concrete,

calculated according to C.11.2, C.11.3, or C.11.11 and Vs is the nominal resistance
the shear provided by the shear reinforcement calculated according to
C.11.4, C.11.9.9 or C.11.11.

C.11.2.1— Vc must be calculated following the requirements of C.[Link] to C.[Link],

unless a more detailed calculation is performed, according to C.11.2.2. Throughout
of this Chapter, except in C.11.6, λ must be used as defined in
C.8.6.1.

C.[Link] — For elements subjected only to shear and bending:

Special provisions for walls (C.11.9 NSR-10)

C.11.9.3—Vn in any horizontal section for shear in the plane of the wall
should not exceed0.83' ℎ , where the thickness of the wall is
define in C.11.9.4.

C.11.9.4— For the design of horizontal shear forces in the plane of the wall,
d should be considered equal to 0.8. A higher value of d can be used, equal to
the distance of the extreme fiber in compression to the resultant of the forces of
all the reinforcement in traction, when the location of the resultant is determined
for a compatibility analysis of deformations.

C.11.9.5 — Unless a more detailed calculation is made according to

C.11.9.6, Vc should not be taken greater than0.17 ′ ℎ for walls subjected to
axial compression, nor Vc should be taken greater than the value given in C.[Link] for
walls subjected to axial tension.

C.11.9.9 — Shear reinforcement design in walls

C.[Link] — Where Vu exceeds Vc, the reinforcement for horizontal shear must
designed to satisfy the equations (C.11-1) and (C.11-2), where Vs must be
calculate by means of:

Where Av is the area of horizontal reinforcement for shear with spacing s, and
is determined according to C.11.9.4.

C.[Link] — The amount of horizontal reinforcement for shear, ρt, must not be
less than 0.0025.

C.[Link] — The spacing of horizontal reinforcement for shear must not

exceed the lesser of/5, 3h , or 450 mm, where it is the total length of the wall.

Minimum reinforcement (C.14.3 NSR-10).

C.14.3.2 — The minimum amount for vertical reinforcement ρl, es:

a) 0.0012 for corrugated bars no larger than No. 5 (5/8”) or 16M (16 mm)
with a yield strength not less than 420 MPa, or

b) 0.0015 for other corrugated bars, or

c) 0.0012 for welded reinforcement of wire (smooth or corrugated) no
greater than MW200 or MD200 (16 mm in diameter).

C.14.3.3 — The minimum amount for horizontal reinforcement, rt, es:

a) 0.0020 for corrugated bars no larger than No. 5 (5/8") or 16M (16 mm)
with a yield strength of no less than 420 MPa, or

b) 0.0025 for other rebar, or

c) 0.0020 for welded wire reinforcement (smooth or corrugated) not
greater than MW200 or MD200 (16 mm in diameter)

C.14.3.4 — Walls with a thickness greater than 250 mm, except for the walls of
Basements must have reinforcement in each direction placed in two parallel layers.
to the faces of the wall according to:
 a) A layer consisting of no less than 1/2 and no more than 2/3 of the reinforcement
The total required for each address must be placed no less than 50 mm.
to more than 1/3 of the thickness of the wall from the outer surface.
b) The other layer, consisting of the rest of the reinforcement required in that
The address should be placed no less than 20 mm and no more than 1/3 of the thickness.
from the wall starting at the interior surface.

C.14.3.5 — The vertical and horizontal reinforcement must be spaced no more than three
sometimes the thickness of the wall, nor of 450 mm.

C.14.3.6 — The vertical reinforcement does not need to be confined by lateral stirrups.
when the vertical reinforcement is not greater than 0.01 times the total area of concrete, or
when vertical reinforcement is not needed as compression reinforcement.

Concrete in structures with moderate energy dissipation capacity

(DMO). (C.21.1.4 NSR-10)

C.[Link] — The specified compressive strength of concrete, f’c, shall not

less than 21 MPa. This restriction is exempted for structures up to
three floors whose seismic resistance system consists of load-bearing walls.

C.8.6.1 — For the use of lightweight concrete, the factor should be applied
modification λ as a multiplier of √ in all equations and sections
applicable from Title C of the NSR-10 Regulation, where λ = 0.85 for concrete
lightweight sand of normal weight and 0.75 for the other lightweight concretes.
Interpolation between 0.75 and 0.85 is allowed, based on fractions
volumetric, when a portion of the lightweight fine aggregates is
replaced by normal weight fine aggregate. Linear interpolation is allowed.
between 0.85 and 1.0 for concrete that contains normal weight fine aggregate and a
combination of normal weight and lightweight coarse aggregates. For the
normal weight concrete λ = 1.0. If the average strength is specified
traction by failure of lightweight concrete, fct, then

= 0.56 ≤ 1.0

C.21.4.4 — Intermediate structural walls with dissipation capacity

energía moderada (DMO) y sus vigas de acople deben cumplir todos los requisitos
from C.21.9 for special structural walls (DES) cast in place, with the
exceptions and modifications presented below:

C.[Link] — In C.[Link](a) for walls with moderate dissipation capacity

of energy (DMO) the quotient δu/hw in equation (C.21 -11) should not be taken
less than 0.0035
C.[Link] — In C.[Link] for walls with moderate dissipation capacity
energy (DMO) the edge elements must be placed when the effort of
maximum compression of the extreme fiber corresponding to the increased forces
including seismic effects E, exceed 0.3f'c. The edge elements
specials may be discontinued where the calculated compression effort
is less than 0.22f'c. The rest of the requirements of this section apply as
says there.

C.[Link] — For walls with moderate energy dissipation capacity

(DMO) section C.[Link](c) must be replaced by:

(c) The transverse reinforcement of the special edge elements must comply with
los requisitos especificados en C.[Link] (a), (b), (c) y (d), C.[Link] y C.[Link]
except that it is not necessary to comply with the equation (C.21-2) and the limit of
the spacing of the transverse reinforcement of C.[Link](c) must be at least one
the average of the smaller dimension of the border element but there is no need for
this spacing should be less than 150 mm.

C.[Link] — Structural walls that are not designed in accordance with the
indications of C.[Link] must have special edge elements in the
edges and around the openings of the structural walls when the stress
maximum compression of the extreme fiber corresponding to the forces
majorities including seismic effects E, exceed 0.2f'c. The elements of
special edges may be discontinued where the compression effort
calculated to be less than 0.15f'c. The efforts must be calculated for the forces
majorities using an elastic linear model and the properties of the section
brutal. For walls with flanges, an effective flange width should be used as defined
in C.[Link].

C.[Link] — When special edge elements are not required according

according to C.[Link] or C.[Link], it must comply with (a) and (b):

If the amount of longitudinal reinforcement at the edge of the wall is greater than 2.8/fy,
the transverse edge reinforcement must comply with the provisions of C.[Link] and
C.[Link]

a) The maximum longitudinal spacing of the transverse reinforcement in the

the edge must not exceed 200 mm;

b) Except when Vu on the wall plane is less than 0.083Acv √ ', the
transversal reinforcement that ends at the edges of structural walls without
border elements must have a standard hook that catches the
edge reinforcement, or the edge reinforcement must be embraced with stirrups
in U that are overlapping the horizontal reinforcement and have the same
size and spacing.
 Border elements

The need to place border elements on the vertical edges of a wall

reinforced concrete is analyzed from two approaches, one based on
displacements and another based on efforts. The numeral C.[Link] of
Regulations state that for continuous walls from the base of the structure
up to the top and have a single critical section for bending and
axial load, the need to place edge elements must be determined
starting from a displacement-based approach. This procedure assumes that
edge elements are required to confine the concrete in the places where
where the unit deformation in the extreme compression fiber exceeds the limit
of unit deformation assumed at 0.003 when the wall reaches the
design displacement (u), which can produce a brittle and possible failure
collapse of the element.

Wall direction: determining the direction or orientation of the wall allows assigning to
each one the inelastic displacement it has at the top and in the
parallel to its plane.

Determine the value of the relationship u / hw based on the variables defined in the
header of the same and compares it with the minimums established by the
Regulation ((u/hw)mín = 0.0035 for (DMO) and (u/hw)mín = 0.007 for
Once the value of this relationship has been designated, the calculation is carried out.
of the quotient
1
600
ℎ

Design: The design requirements indicated below apply to both

border elements defined by the displacement-based approach, as in
the based on compression efforts. In spreadsheets, the design of a
the wall has been divided into sections according to the number of floors it has
building. Level by level, the respective analyses are conducted, and it is determined the
conditions to which the element is subjected and the steel is specified
reinforcement. Similarly, the edge element extends in height up to
the floor that is necessary, ensuring that this height is above the
upper limit of the length of plastic articulation and extends beyond
the area where traction flow and spalling are likely to occur
concrete.

a) Minimum length (Leb): the horizontal length or depth of the element

the edge must extend at least to the length where the
unitary compressive deformations exceed the critical value. The
Regulation in numeral C.[Link] establishes that the edge element
 it should extend horizontally from the extreme fiber in compression,
that is, the edge of the wall, up to a distance no less than the greater
value between c−0.1lw, c/2 and 300 mm.
a) Minimum thickness (beb): the requirements presented in the NSR-10 for the
border elements do not make direct reference for the minimum thickness
what these types of elements must have. However, in C.[Link](c) it
mention that the cross reinforcement of the edge elements must
to meet the requirements specified in C.[Link] to C.[Link], that is,
the minimum requirements for the transverse reinforcement of columns with
special capacity for energy dissipation (DES) and similarly in
C.[Link] for columns with moderate dissipation capacity
energy (DMO). Therefore, if the design of the special elements of
edge corresponds to the design of columns, it can be considered that the
the minimum dimension that these elements must have is the one described in
C.[Link] and C.[Link], that is, 250 mm and 300 mmrespectively.
b) Axial load on the edge element: all walls are subordinated
to a combined effect of axial load and moment, by the principle of
superposition can express the effect of the charges separately and
evaluate the magnitude of the force caused on the edge elements.

The expression used to conservatively determine the axial load

applied to the edge element is:

= +
2 ( − )

2.0 Design Requests

The design forces or loads are the result of the analyses obtained.
of the mathematical model for each of the design combinations described
in B.2.4.2 or C.9.2.1 of the Regulation. The axial load values (Pu,) shear at
the plane (Vu) and moment in the plane (Mu).

SERVICE: D+L
MAYORADA: 1.2D + 1.6L
DIS_11: 0.9 D +EQX+0.3EQY
DIS_15: 0.9D+0.3EQX+EQY
 Information about walls Design requests (Service)
Thickness of the Long. Del
I.D Wall Level Wall Wall. Pu (N) Mu (N-mm) You (N)
bw (mm) Lw (mm)
M1 1 200 2730 118864.2 22985617.2 19601.4
M2 1 200 3750 407587.5 15277387.5 7950
M3 1 200 2390 385100.7 20418343.6 30066.2
M4 3 200 2210 186767.1 4194270.6 2784.6
M4 2 200 2210 420032.6 5013252.4 4110.6
M4 1 200 2210 351677.3 5293038.4 3801.2
M5 3 200 2210 2322.35 9431948.5 6497.4
M5 2 200 2210 296184.2 2266244.5 3801.2
M5 1 200 2210 2355.58 3444218.7 2850.9
M6 3 200 2000 260780 4042753 5080
M6 2 200 2000 412783.8 13316600 7060
M6 1 200 2000 509471.3 2566.85 1420

Information about walls Design Requests (Enhanced)

Thickness of the Long. Del
I.D Wall Level Wall Wall. Pu (N) Mu (N-mm) You (N)
bw (mm) Lw (mm)
M1 1 200 2730 159650.4 29692708.5 25143.3
M2 1 200 3750 516637.5 19529662.5 10200
M3 1 200 2390 483210.2 25711094.2 38311.7
M4 3 200 2210 192888.8 5241611.7 3447.6
M4 2 200 2210 532543.7 6411629.9 5281.9
M4 1 200 2210 445204.5 10625127.5 4464.2
M5 3 200 2210 310239.8 11915391.8 8221.2
M5 2 200 2210 369003.7 7037015.7 4862
M5 1 200 2210 403457.6 4428663.2 3580.2
M6 3 200 2000 325580 5052546.2 6080
M6 2 200 2000 I 16765780 8900
M6 1 200 2000 579260 2123080 200
 Information about walls Design requests (Dis_11)
Thickness of Long. Del
I.D Muro Level Wall Wall. Pu (N) Mu (N-mm) Vu (N)
bw (mm) Lw (mm)
M1 1 200 2730 2049056.1 111839555 35227.2
M2 1 200 3750 2447775 30122587.5 107625
M3 1 200 2390 4461102.3 41300299.4 67947.7
M4 3 200 2210 941018 138883715.1 93549.3
M4 2 200 2210 3572199.8 100773060.7 65217.1
M4 1 200 2210 6498814.4 40223856.4 25702.3
M5 3 200 2210 1793857 204647171.3 141771.5
M5 2 200 2210 4199198.9 137614887.8 94168.1
M5 1 200 2210 5513331.2 41370227.6 23801.7
M6 3 200 2000 2095212.6 40129920 51360
M6 2 200 2000 2606660 40835640 22740
M6 1 200 2000 6792920 13946720 10760

Information about walls Design requests (Dis_15)

Thickness of the Long. Del
I.D Muro Level Wall Wall. Pu (N) Mu (N-mm) You (N)
bw (mm) Lw (mm)
M1 1 200 2730 3221973.3 44877459.9 139530.3
M2 1 200 3750 3592387.5 77861850 34012.5
M3 1 200 2390 3762959.4 55478520.3 39602.3
M4 3 200 2210 847623.4 182696744 139075.3
M4 2 200 2210 2101577.4 137898519 87560.2
M4 1 200 2210 1994436.6 32207368.7 12862.2
M5 3 200 2210 1890831.8 281293750 153375
M5 2 200 2210 2966571.4 175545007 118500.2
M5 1 200 2210 3609814 22339718.7 11359.4
M6 3 200 2000 1086280 190027820 129380
M6 2 200 2000 1080720 106300580 66080
M6 1 200 2000 2060940 33313440 17680

Minimum amounts:

According to numeral C.[Link] of the NSR-10 Regulation, the amounts ( , )of

distributed reinforcement in the concrete must not be less than 0.0025, except if Vu
does not exceed

1
′
12
( , ) they can be reduced to those required in C.14.3 for this case:

1
≤ ′
12

1
19601.4 ≤ * 200 ∗ 2730 ∗ √21 / ²
12

19601.4 ≤208507.194

Complies. The values can be reduced to 0.0025, according to what is described in

C.14.3.2 and C.14.3.3 respectively.

Source: own elaboration

Source: own elaboration

Source: own preparation

Source: own elaboration

Design of horizontal reinforcement for the wall

The minimum amount of the wall is assigned to the main reinforcement mesh in both.
directions, arranged in one or two layers as needed, and the area of
missing reinforcement with steel bars concentrated at the ends.

= ∗∗ℎ

According to C.7.7.1 (c) of the NSR-10; the cover must be greater than or equal to 20mm.

= 0.0025 ∗ 200 ∗ 2730 = 1365 ²

 For For
Varillas 3/8 Varillas 1/2
Area of bars bars
reinforcement reinforcement reinforcement
I.D Wall Level
Horizontal Horizontal Horizontal
(mm²). (mm²). (mm²).
M1 1 1365.0 20 11
M2 1 1875.0 30 15
M3 1 1195.0 18 9
M4 3 1105.0 16 9
M4 2 1105.0 16 9
M4 1 1105.0 16 9
M5 3 1105.0 16 9
M5 2 1105.0 16 9
M5 1 1105.0 16 9
M6 3 1000.0 14 8
M6 2 1000.0 14 8
M6 1 1000.0 14 8

C.[Link] — The amount of vertical reinforcement for shear,

C.[Link] — The spacing of vertical shear reinforcement

For For
Varillas 3/8 Varillas 1/2
Area of bars bars
Thickness of the Long. Del Amount
Amount reinforcement reinforcement reinforcement
I.D Wall Level Wall Wall. Horizontal rl
rt Vertical Vertical Vertical Vertical
bw (mm) Lw (mm)
(mm²). (mm²). (mm²).
M1 1 200 2730 0.0028352 0.002716 1483.15 22 12
M2 1 200 3750 0.0027520 0.002704 2028.09 30 16
M3 1 200 2390 0.0026987 0.002611 1248.16 18 10
M4 3 200 2210 0.0029186 0.002753 1216.96 18 10
M4 2 200 2210 0.0029186 0.002753 1216.96 17 10
M4 1 200 2210 0.0029186 0.002711 1198.13 17 10
M5 3 200 2210 0.0029186 0.002753 1216.96 17 10
M5 2 200 2210 0.0029186 0.002753 1216.96 17 10
M5 1 200 2210 0.0029186 0.002711 1198.13 17 10
M6 3 200 2000 0.0032250 0.002890 1155.88 16 10
M6 2 200 2000 0.0032250 0.002890 1155.88 16 10
M6 1 200 2000 0.0032250 0.002808 1123.25 16 10
I check if the wall requires edge elements according to C.[Link] NSR - 10.
C.[Link] — In C.[Link] for walls with moderate dissipation capacity
energy (DMO) the edge elements must be placed when the effort of
maximum compression of the extreme fiber corresponding to the increased forces
including the seismic effects E, exceed 0.3fc. The edge elements
specials may be discontinued where the calculated compression effort
is less than 0.22fc

C.[Link] — In C.[Link] for walls with moderate dissipation capacity

energy (DMO) the boundary elements must be placed when the stress of
maximum compression of the extreme fiber corresponding to the increased forces
including seismic effects E, exceed 0.3fc. The edge elements
specials may be discontinued where the calculated compression effort
is less than 0.22fc. The rest of the requirements of this section apply as
he says there.

∗2
= +

0.3

Yes0.3 ;

1
=
12
Design border elements: the design requirements listed below are
they apply to both edge elements defined by the approach based on
displacements, as in the one based on compressive stresses.
Minimum length: as provided in C.[Link] of the Regulation, the element
The edge should extend horizontally from the extreme fiber in compression.
up to a distance no less than the greater value between c-0.1lw and c/2.