WBA0859_v1.

LEARNING IN FOCUS

RISK MANAGEMENT
 PRESENTATION OF THE SUBJECT
Autoria: Marcos Antonio Dias
Critical reading: Joubert Rodrigues dos Santos Júnior

It is important to emphasize that the topic of risk management addressed

this discipline focuses on Safety Engineering
Work. This premise indicates that the knowledge of the rules
regulatory, technical standards and legislation will be a
differential in the development of the discipline. At this point, we have
an advantage, as all this regulatory material is available in
internet

Health and safety risk management is essential

for operational excellence in the workplace -
regardless of its size. Thus, whenever
if possible, you should try to remove or eliminate the risks from the location of
work.

Another advantage of this discipline is the opportunity for

professional to be presented to equipment, facilities and
existing processes in the market, from the oldest to the latest
generation. The contact with the real situation, combined with knowledge
technical, allows the professional to develop the best solution
possible, in terms of engineering controls, changes
administrative matters and the adoption of new devices related to
safety and protective equipment, in order to mitigate risks.

The different professionals must be involved to achieve

appropriate advancements in the various elements that contribute to the
improvement of worker health and safety.

Risk management has the noble function of caring for people.

preserve the company's assets and protect the environment,
2
 but for all this to happen, it is necessary for the action of
professionals in this area.

At first, this subject will address the concepts

risk in the workplace; the second part will address
risk identification; the third lesson explores classification of
risk by signaling; the fourth chapter develops the theme, control
of risks, liability for products, safety and quality;
The fifth content develops the concepts for the elaboration of the GRO.
(Occupational risk management), according to NR-01; by
Finally, the sixth topic explores the PGR (Management Program)
risks), in compliance with NR-01.

The greatest risk that risk management discipline poses is you.

to be contaminated by it and always want to learn more. So,
It's up to you to take the risk. Happy studying!

INTRODUCTION

Hello, student! Learning in Focus aims to highlight, in a way

direct and assertive, the main concepts inherent to the theme
addressed in the discipline. Furthermore, it also aims to provoke
reflections that stimulate the application of theory in practice
professional. Come with us!

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THEME 1

The risks in the work environment

______________________________________________________________
Autoria: Marcos Antonio Dias
Critical reading: Joubert Rodrigues dos Santos Júnior
 STRAIGHT TO THE POINT

With the covid-19 pandemic, people around the globe received

a terrible reminder of how life can be risky. Individuals and
families faced the risk of losing their health, their freedom
of movement and its economies and income - all at once. In
in a period of weeks, investors saw years of returns
disappearing as market actions fall, just to
rising again, and the unemployment rate skyrocketing.

The experience provided a strong reminder of the nature of risk and the
uncertainty and the importance of understanding how to manage them. The future is
always an unknown, but the risk can be measured, thus, one can
to have an understanding of the potential disadvantages and the costs of reducing
the uncertainty is that companies never saw it coming, because
it was unimaginable or, at best, immeasurable.

The evolution of risk management has come a long way.

in the last two decades. However, although companies
they have successfully adopted risk management in their audit
internal, treasury, insurance, environment health and safety and
legal functions, have not yet been fully incorporated into the main ones
business processes related to future growth,
such as strategic planning, capital allocation and management of
performance.

This seems to imply that the risks are not rewarded, in the
the sense that no prize is obtained by managing them - only
the potential for loss is reduced, and it is the main motivator in the
risk management practices in 2021, while managing risks
rewarded, which are part and parcel of decision-making processes
of decisions associated with future growth. Increase the supply
of products and services, liberalize trade barriers or reduce them
In international markets, companies are adapting.
5
 your structures so that they can compete and gain the trust of
potential customers in the purchase of your products.

The management study highlights the fact that the

risk management can be a competitive advantage,
helping companies move towards high performance,
even in uncertain economic times. It is essential, in
meanwhile, that risk management is integrated throughout the model
business operations, including its culture and incentives, well
as investments, finances and operational decision making.
(ACCENTURE, 2009, p. 2, our translation)

This suggests that dynamic companies, that is, innovative ones, will, or
they may even need to adopt a risk management model that is
but focused on value increase and helping them proactively
to manage risks, traps, and surprises along the way
(COSO, 2004).

In the sense of building a timeline of management patterns.

of risk, the Basic Reference of Risk Management (BRAZIL, 2018)
presents events related to risk management, such as the summary
in the following figure.

Figure 1 - Timeline of Risk Management Standards

Corporates

Source: adapted from Brazil (2018).

6
 The timeline represented in Figure 1 aimed to show
the last decade of the 20th century and the first 20 years of the century
XXI. Risk management is based on COSO (2004) and addresses,
basically, on corporate risks, with a focus on auditing,
governance and compliance, and are constantly updated. The
the publication of ISO 31000 (ABNT, 2018) described the process of
risk management that is used for risk management
occupational.

The word "risk" derives from the Italian word risicare, which means
to dare. In this sense, risk is a choice, not a destination. Risk
it should not be an option, but to be permanently exposed to
risks in everyday life is a choice and the focus is on gaining control
about him, the risk.

There are three possible outcomes in speculative risk: something

good (gain), something bad (loss) or nothing (to break even). The risks
Speculative are the positive or negative results of decisions.
management. Expand a business to a new region or launch a
new product there are chances of loss, profit or the possibility that
nothing happens. For example, we have gambling and investments
as typical examples of speculative risk. Speculative risks
are assumed through a conscious choice and are
considered a controllable risk. For example, the market of
traditional insurance does not consider speculative risks such as
insurable.

Bibliographic references
ABNT. Brazilian Association of Technical Standards. ISO 31000 - Risk Management:
guidelines. Rio de Janeiro: ABNT, 2018.
ACCENTURE. Managing risk in extraordinary times. 2009. Available at:
[Link] Articles/Managing
Risk in Extraordinary [Link]. Accessed on: March 28, 2014.

7
 BRAZIL. Federal Court of Accounts. Basic reference for risk management.
Brasília, DF: Court of Audit of the Union, 2018.
[Link] risk management – Integrated framework - executive
summary. [S.l.]: The Committee of Sponsoring Organizations of the Treadway
Commission, 2004. Available at: [Link]
[Link]. Accessed on: March 27, 2021.

TO KNOW MORE

Considering the fact that companies invest a lot

in product research and development, installations and
equipment, inventory, and human capital, without knowing if the flows
the cash flow from these investments will be sufficient to
to compensate debts and shareholders, risk should be defined as a
key factor in the economic life. If these real investments do not
they will generate the required returns, the financial rights over them
returns will decrease in value. This view drives the management of
risks to the center of an organization's activities and makes it
essential for the organization's strategy.

Above all, risk management is a dynamic process in

what intervening factors can influence the results
may be different from the planned. The internal causes can be,
mostly grouped into operational risks, which include
fraud, system failure and production interruption, human error
and so on, therefore, one must know the pure risks and
speculative.

There are no measurable benefits when it comes to pure risk.

instead, there are two possibilities: on one hand, there is a
chance that nothing will happen or no loss, but,
on the other hand, there may be the probability of total loss. The risks
cigars can be divided into three different categories: personal,

8
 property and responsibility. However, there are four ways
to mitigate pure risk: reduce, avoid, accept and transfer.

Many cases of pure risk are insurable, for example, a

the insurance company insures the policyholder's vehicle against theft.
Thus, if the car is stolen, the insurance company will have to cover the costs.
loss. In summary, insurance is a device for transferring
risk of an insured for an insurer.

THEORY IN PRACTICE

The transformation of the industry with new technologies is a

process in constant evolution. Traditional industrial scenarios
they will change with the intensive and aggressive use of technologies of
internet. The main idea is to bring support for technologies
innovative solutions within the industrial field will give the sector
manufacturer the chance to make a suitable revolution: gain
of productivity, revenue, knowledge, etc., in which Factories
Smart, Factory of the Future or Industry 4.0 are some examples.

As one of its main challenges, Industry 4.0 requires a

appropriate evolution of risk control and, in a broader view
strategic, the very evolution and generalization of the System of
Risk Management. Risk control will play a relevant role;
in particular, its importance has been growing over the years for
the increase and the need for product quality and safety
of the system. Above all, there is the complexity and the increasing use of
a wide range of technologies, therefore, risk analysis must
be prepared for these changes.

You will be responsible for the installation project of a robot.

in an expansion of the industrial unit, make an analysis of the

9
 activities that involve the installation of a robot in the area of
welding.

To understand the commented resolution proposed by the professor,

access the video lesson of this Theory in Practice in the environment of

learning.

FUNDAMENTAL READING
Reading recommendations

Dear student, the following indications may be available

in some of the partners of our Virtual Library (make the log
through your AVA), and others may be available in
academic sites (such as SciELO), institutional repositories
publications, public bodies, proceedings of scientific events or
scientific journals, all accessible via the internet.

This does not mean that the protagonism of your journey

self-development should change focus. We recognize
that you are the highest authority of your own life and should,
therefore, adopting an autonomous stance in studies and in
building your professional career.

That's why we invite you to explore all the possibilities of

our Virtual Library and beyond! Success!

Indication 1

The recommended book aims to understand issues

related to Risk Management. In this work, you will find
answers to risk management questions.

10
 FURTADO, Lorena Lucena. Risk management (electronic resource). Curitiba:
Contentus, 2020.

Indication 2

The indicated book deals with risk management from the perspective of
production and shows comments on NBR 31000.

KAERCHER, Adi Regina; LUZ, Daniel Fonseca da. Risk management

Production management perspective. Rio de Janeiro: Interciência, 2016. Chap.
7; p. 89-98.

QUIZ

Dear student, the questions of the Quiz serve the purpose of

reading verification of the items Direct to the Point, To Know
But, Theory in Practice and Fundamental Reading, present in this
Learning in Focus.

For the virtual and in-person assessments, the questions will be

developed from all items of Focused Learning
and the slides used for the recording of the video lessons, in addition to
interpretation questions based on the header
of the question.

1. People express risk in different ways. For

for some, it is the chance or possibility of loss, for others,
they can be uncertain situations or deviations, or what statisticians
they call the dispersions of expectations. Different authors who
abordam esse assunto definiram o risco de forma diferente. No
meanwhile, in most of the terminology, the term 'risk' includes the
exposure to adverse situations. The uncertainty of the outcome is
one of the basic criteria for defining a risk situation. In addition

11
 therefore, when the result is indeterminate, there is the possibility
that some of them may be adverse and, therefore, may need
with special [Link] the definitions of risk, there are the risks
purely and the speculative risks. Consider the following statements
and mark the correct alternative.

a. Pure risk does not affect the collective, it only affects individuals.
you have the companies.

b. Speculative risk involves a possibility of gain and

it may be related to gambling and investments in
capital market.
c. Pure risks are considered dynamic risks.
d. Speculative risks are considered static risks.
e. Among the pure risks are administrative risks, the
political risks and innovation risks.

2. The ABNT NBR ISO 31000 (ABNT, 2018) deals with Management of
risks: - D guidelines. This document should be used by
people who create and protect value in organizations
managing risks, making decisions, establishing and
achieving goals and improving performance.

ABNT. Brazilian Association of Technical Standards. ISO 31000 - Management of

risks: guidelines. Rio de Janeiro: ABNT, 2018.
Based on the text above, it can be stated that:

a. Risk is the effect of certainty on objectives.

b. An effect is a deviation from what is expected. It cannot
be positive, negative, or both, and cannot approach, create, or
resulting in opportunities and threats.
c. Risk is usually expressed in terms of sources of
uncertainties and their problems.

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 d. Risk management: these are coordinated activities to direct and
to control an organization regarding risks.
The ABNT NBR ISO 9000 is a standard that addresses management of
risks.

ANSWER KEY

Questão 1- Resposta B
Resolution: Speculative risks involve a possibility
of gain or a chance of loss. Therefore, the alternative
the correct one is the one that brings the following statement: "The speculative risk

involves a possibility of gain and can be related to

games of chance and investments in the capital market
Question 2 - Answer D
Resolution: The correct alternative is the one that brings the following
statement: "Risk management is coordinated activities to
to direct and control an organization concerning risks.

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THEME 2

Safety Engineering and the

Risk Identification
______________________________________________________________
Authorship: Marcos Antonio Dias
Critical reading: Joubert Rodrigues dos Santos Júnior
 STRAIGHT TO THE POINT

Safety engineering focuses on the identification of hazards,

its causal factors and in predicting the severity and probability
resulting. The ultimate goal of the process is to reduce or eliminate the
gravity and the probability of identified hazards and minimize the
risk and the severity where dangers cannot be eliminated. A
A definition of danger is a real or potential condition that could
to lead to an unplanned event or a series of events (i.e.,
accident) resulting in death, injury, occupational disease,
damage or loss of equipment or property, or damage to
environment.

While safety engineering tries to minimize problems

of security in all planning and, since the project,
accidents occur from combinations of unlikely hazards
with minimal probabilities. As a result, engineering
Security is often carried out in response to events.
adverse events after implementation.

The risk is defined as a combination of the severity of the accident.

and the probability that the accident occurs. The security failure
to identify the risks and the inability to address or control
these risks can result in huge costs, both human
how economical, and is detailed in Table 1. Increasingly,
security analyses are being recognized as a
important risk management tool.

15
 Frame 1 - Ontology of failure and its relationship with safety
Names of the Elements Attributes of Relationships with
from Ontology1 Elements of the Security
Ontology
Modes of Failure Failure Mode Mandatory attribute
Severity Consequences of Failure Mandatory attribute
Criticality Impact of the Failure Mandatory attribute
Risk Identification Identification of modes Necessary for
of potential failure determine the
modes of failure
Risk Probability of Mandatory attribute
occur a failure
Mitigation Measure to take Necessary for
corrective measures determine criticality
and gravity
Source: adapted from Britto (2017).

The first column of the table shows the elements of a failure,

the severity, the criticality, the identification of the risk, the risk itself and
how to mitigate it (reduce). The second column asks for a description
the nature of the failure, its consequences and impacts, Identification
of the failure potential, the probability of the failure occurring and the
indication of corrective measures. The third column aims to show
the relationships that a situation of failure/danger/risk has with the
Safety Engineering, as it will be important to determine
the modes of failure, as well as the criticality and severity.

Risk management is definitely a multidimensional topic.

mainly in the identification of risks and/or incidents
potentials. There are thousands of things that can go wrong in
a company - logo, it is necessary to list all risk situations
in advance, gather the information collected by the team of
risk assessment and list all known hazards in the company.
They can be separated by type into biological, chemical, physical,
ergonomic and psychosocial.
1
Ontology: according to Aristotelianism, part of philosophy that studies the properties
but more general of being, apart from the infinity of determinations that, by qualifying it particularly, hides
so its full and integral nature.

16
 When people work in a place every day, it is easy
ignore some dangers. Some tips to help employers
and the workers identifying the hazards include: verify
the manufacturer's instructions or data sheets for products
chemicals and equipment, as they can be very useful for
explain the dangers and put them in their true perspective.
Carefully analyze accident records and issues
health, as well as reports of near-accidents and other incidents
– they often help identify less obvious dangers. In addition
therefore, consider the non-routine operations, due to
example, maintenance, cleaning operations or changes in
production cycles.

Remember to think about the long-term health risks,

such high levels of noise or exposure to harmful substances. There is
many dangers with a recognized risk of harm, for example,
working at heights, working with chemicals, machines
without protection and asbestos. Depending on the type of work performed,
there may be other relevant dangers for the organization.

Bibliographic references
BRITTO, Antônio Carlos Pereira de. A study on the combination of
ontologies in the scope of security and risk management in infrastructure
in information and communication technology. 2017. Dissertation (Master's)
in Knowledge Management and Information Technology) - University
Catholic University of Brasília, Brasília, 2017. Available at: [Link]
jspui/bitstream/tede/2327/8/[Link].
Accessed on: May 25, 2021.

TO KNOW MORE

Although the term Industrial Revolution may evoke ideas about the
introduction of steam engines and assembly lines in factories,

17
 economists claim that there were four periods
different in history that can be classified as Revolutions
Industrials. In his 2017 book, The Fourth Industrial Revolution, the
founder of the World Economic Forum, Klaus Schwab, postulated that
I believed we were at the beginning of a fourth industrial revolution.
It all started at the turn of this century and is based on the Revolution
Digital, which is characterized by a much more ubiquitous internet and
mobile, by smaller and more powerful sensors, which have become
cheaper, and by artificial intelligence and by learning from
machine (SCHWAB, 2019).

The disruptions caused by the Fourth Industrial Revolution also

can be felt in the workplace. The increase in automation
and the widespread adoption of Artificial Intelligence (AI) in the workplace
resulted in many outdated jobs.

In this sense, AI systems are more likely to automate

routine tasks, instead of completely taking the place of
human workers. As such, the new categories of jobs
created by the Fourth Industrial Revolution will also require new
skills. These skills include basic digital literacy,
as well as social skills, such as creativity, what the
machines cannot easily reproduce. The workers
they may also have to engage in lifelong learning
life to acquire various skills and remain employed.

Machines and automated robots can replace

workers or sustain them, making their tasks more flexible,
safer and socially more inclusive. On the other hand, the
workers will be engaged in tasks that require decision making
of decision, responsibility and management, as well as human interaction-
machine that will put you in security risk situations
intrinsically related to automated tools and to
greater psychosocial stress.

18
 Bibliographic references
SCHWAB, Klaus Martin. The Fourth Industrial Revolution. Translation: Daniel
Moreira Miranda. Campinas: Edipro, 2019.

THEORY IN PRACTICE

Major accidents in companies have the potential to result in

hundreds of millions of reais in physical damages, they represent a
danger to employees and can lead to significant disruption
of the businesses.

However, there are steps that can be taken to address

the threats of serious accidents and minimize the risk of an incident
seriously as part of a comprehensive management program
of risks. A fundamental element of the GRO (Risk Management
of Operational Risks), together with the PGR (Risk Management Program)
Risk Management), is the APR (Preliminary Risk Analysis), the
risk analysis of the process, a fundamental tool for
an understanding of the risks and dangers that employees
are imposed daily.

Imagine that you will conduct an inspection in a water gallery.

subterranean. In terms of assisting the engineer, what are the steps
to prepare an APR?

To understand the commented resolution proposed by the professor,

access the video lesson of this Theory in Practice in the environment of

learning.

19
 FUNDAMENTAL READING
Reading recommendations

Dear student, the following indications may be available.

in some of the partners of our Virtual Library (make the log
through your AVA), and others may be available in
academic sites (such as SciELO), institutional repositories
public, public agencies, proceedings of scientific events or
scientific journals, all accessible via the internet.

This does not mean that the protagonism of your journey...

self-development should shift its focus. We recognize
that you are the ultimate authority of your own life and must,
therefore, to take an autonomous approach to studies and in
construção da sua carreira profissional.

That's why we invite you to explore all the possibilities of

our Virtual Library and beyond! Success!

Indication 1

Occupational safety engineering must be an integral part

two systems that will be built and subsequently operated. The
risks of a process, such as inherent reactivity, flammability
the toxicity of raw materials, intermediates, products and
catalysts are identified at the beginning of the development of
process. The risks presented by the processing stages
considered during the development of the process must
be determined based on knowledge of risks and controls
inherent that can be applied. So, the preliminary analysis
of risks begins at the conception of a process and continues until the
commissioning of a processing plant. A situation

20
 normal found in companies is the hiring of third parties, the
chapter 10 of the indicated work deals with this theme.

ARRUDA, Fabio Antonio da. Compilation of Triangulation in health and safety

of work: management, engineering, and behavior. São Luis: Pascal, 2019.

Indication 2

It is of utmost importance to remember the definitions of risk and hazard.

In summary: risk is related to probability, while
danger is related to a condition or set of circumstances.
Empirically Risk = Probability + Exposure.

The risk due to dangers needs to be controlled, which can be

made through a control hierarchy or through an approach
standardized that classifies the measures taken to prevent or
reduce exposures to hazards based on effectiveness, that is, the
more effective measures to the least satisfactory. The fight to reduce
and controlling risks requires a comprehensive identification of
hazards, risk assessment, communication, and risk management.

Risks exist in all workplaces in different

forms and must be identified, assessed, and controlled in
relation to work processes, facilities or substances.
They arise from the work environment, the use of facilities and
equipment (production processes), use of substances and
materials, work and/or project of deficient plants, systems of
inadequate management and work procedures and behavior
human.

MARTINS, Marcele Salles et al. (org.). Occupational safety: case studies

in the agricultural, environmental, construction, electrical, health sectors. [S.l.]: SGE, 2010.

21
 QUIZ

Dear student, the questions in the Quiz are intended to

reading verification of items Direct to the Point, To Know
But, Theory in Practice and Fundamental Reading, present in this
Learning in Focus.

For virtual and in-person assessments, the questions will be

developed from all the items of Learning in Focus
and the slides used for the recording of the video lessons, in addition to
interpretation questions based on the header
of the question.

1. In companies, employees have a need/obligation

to comply with occupational safety regulations. In this case
two smart cars, they are programmed to follow the
traffic rules. In a world where people are not
used to obeying all the imposed rules, due to failures
In this automation process, some accidents occur with the
autonomous cars. Thus, based on what may happen
with an autonomous car, or in any other process, like
Can we define risk?

a. Combination of frequency, or probability, of occurrence and

the consequence of a specified dangerous event.
b. A source of potential harm or a situation with potential
for damage.
c. Physical injuries or damage to health, property or the environment
environment.
d. The systematic application of management policies, procedures
the practices for the tasks of analysis, evaluation, and control of
risk.

22
 e. The values of frequency and anxiety can be estimated,
in risk identification.

2. Thinking of a company in the metallurgy sector, a

metalworking, for example, what are the risks that will be
found in daily activities.

I. Physical risk.
II. Chemical risk.
III. Determinants of exposure.
[Link] risk.
[Link] measures already in place.

Select the correct alternative:

a. I and II only.
b.I, II, III and V, only.
[Link] and V, only.
d. I and III, only.
e.I, II e IV apenas.

ANSWER KEY

Questão 1- Resposta A
Resolution: In order to better understand and interpret
the terms, the following definitions apply here:

Risk - combination of frequency, or probability,

of the occurrence and the consequence of a dangerous event
specified.

23
 •Damages - physical injuries or damage to health, property, or the environment
environment.

Danger - a source of potential harm or a situation with

potential for harm.

• Risk Management - the systematic application of management policies,

procedures and practices for analysis and evaluation tasks
and risk control.

The assignment of values of frequency and severity (not

) anxiety), in addition to the associated considerations, allows for
the level of risk is estimated as the product of these two
terms.
Question 2 - Answer E
Resolution: Among the risks found in companies, we have
the physical, chemical, and biological risks. It is a fact that there are other
risks, but they were not considered in this matter.
Physical: for example, lifting, improper postures,
slips and trips, noise, dust, machines,
computer equipment etc.
Mental: for example, excessive workload, long
working hours, work with high-needs clients,
bullying etc. These types of risks are also called
psychosocial risks, affecting mental health and occurring in the
work relations.
Chemicals: for example, asbestos, cleaning fluids, aerosols
etc.
Biological: including tuberculosis, hepatitis, and other diseases
infections faced by health professionals, staff of
home care and other health professionals.

24
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THEME 3

Risk Categorization by
Signage
______________________________________________________________
Autoria: Marcos Antonio Dias
Critical reading: Joubert Rodrigues dos Santos Júnior
 STRAIGHT TO THE POINT

In Occupational Safety Engineering, the topic is signaling

there is a specific regulatory standard which is the Standard
Regulatory: NR-26 - Safety Signaling (BRAZIL, 2015)
which aims to be comprehensive.

Starting from the premise that the main function of a signal of

security is to notify/inform and keep employees safe in the
work environment, some questions arise here:

Where are the risks that need to be signaled?

Identified the risk, how will the signaling be?

What colors should be used to signal risk?

The issues listed above are fundamentally related,

at the workplace and various techniques can be used to
identify and assess the risks. Among them, one can use: the map of
risk, the Ishikawa Diagram (fishbone), the "what if" technique,
checklist, 5 Porquês (5W2H), APR (Análise preliminar de riscos), FMEA
(Failure mode and effect analysis) and HAZOP (Hazard and operability study)
operability.

It is important to note that, to be complete, the analysis must not

finish with an "image" that characterizes the risk. Leading to
data quality for consideration and critical analysis, is also
it is important to put the obtained result in perspective, studying
the related uncertainty and variability (for example, use of
extrapolation, analogies and/or less realistic scenarios, entry of
data averages etc.). Furthermore, since the analysis is based
In 'scenarios' that can be varied, it is useful to produce comments.

26
 about the possible changes in the results when the various
possibilities of measures and controls are included in the scenarios.

For example, the sugarcane conveyor belts. They

spin at a constant speed. Usually, the protection of
the bottom part of the treadmill is open, allowing you to touch it with your hand
conveyor belt. Due to the speed of the conveyor belt, there is a possibility of the
hand or arm of the employee being torn off, causing loss of the
members.

Workplace accidents cause countless injuries and

costs billions annually in lost time due to inactivity,
claims for compensation from workers and fines. Much of this,
however, it can be avoided with clear visual communication
compatible.

A signal that contains a lot of information can be difficult to

understand and be easy to ignore. In this sense, signposts
with a lot of information can also be confusing for
employees who do not regularly speak the written language on the sign
and for those with vision problems. As an example, we have the
signals used in wind towers, that are in more than one
idioma.

On the other hand, signals that are excessively vague may

not fully communicating a danger. For example, a "risk"
"elevado" is a rolling door that can fall, a piece of equipment
hanging, an item that can fall or something else? The pictograms
(signage drawings) are signs that clearly express
the danger, as well as an action that needs to be taken,
normally, they are more effective, like the examples shown in
Figures 1 and 2. Figure 1 indicates that in a certain area there is a
high load. Figure 2 indicates that it is prohibited to pass under the loads
high, as well as the transit of people is prohibited.

27
 Figure 1 - High Load

Source: Janista/[Link].

Figure 2 - No passing under load elevated

Source: Janista/[Link].

Many installations use pictograms in addition to text on the signs.

to communicate the dangers that, in many cases, are visible to
the workers at a greater distance than the written text and
help the signs to stand out and not blend into the background.
Pictograms are effective ways to communicate a hazard and are
frequently used by organizations to inform about
the dangers related to the workplace. The advantage of
28
 pictograms are understandable regardless of the language
spoken by those who observe.

Define the correct location for the insertion of the signage.

safety is an important point in the prevention strategy of the
accidents. The signs that are far away from a danger are not
effective because employees may not be able to see
the danger and therefore cannot associate the signal with it. The signals
they also need to be placed at a height compatible with
normal point of view. Hanging a sign very high or in
A place that obscures your vision can make it ineffective. To place
signs in poorly lit areas can also decrease
its usefulness. If a signal is very close to a danger, the
funcionários podem não ter tempo suficiente para avaliar o risco e
take the appropriate measures, such as diverting, for example. It can be
too late.

Bibliographic references
BRAZIL. Ministry of Labor and Social Security. NR-26 - Signaling of
Safety. Brasília, DF: Ministry of Labor and Social Security, 2015. Available
em: [Link]
work/ctpp-nrs/regulatory-standard-no-26-nr-26. Accessed on: May 12.
2021.
PONZETTO, Gilberto. Environmental Risk Map - Applied to Engineering
Occupational Safety. 3rd ed. São Paulo: LTR, 2010. E-book

TO KNOW MORE

When it comes to the labeling and signage of products

Chemicals, it is important to know the GHS - Globally Harmonized System.
GHS stands for Globally Harmonized System of Classification
Labeling of Chemical Products. The GHS defines and classifies the
dangers of chemical products and communicates health information
29
 safety on labels and safety data sheets. The objective
it's that the same set of rules for hazard classification
it is the same format and content for labels and data sheets of
security should be adopted and used worldwide.

Global harmonization is necessary since many countries

they have different systems of classification and labeling of products
chemicals. Furthermore, several different systems may exist until
even within the same country. This situation has been costly.
for governments to regulate and supervise, expensive for
the companies that need to comply with many different systems and
confusing for workers who need to understand the dangers of
a chemical product to work safely.

THEORY IN PRACTICE

The term security sign is relatively broad and means

basically a visual indicator that covers a situation, object
specific activity and provides information or instructions about
health and safety. Manual and audio signals can also be
used.

To ensure that signals are readily understood by

There is a prescribed set of criteria, such as those of form and
colors that must be used by law to indicate prohibited activities,
warn about specific dangers or indicate safety conditions,
as this topic describes.

Common sense suggests that employers should provide and

maintain safety signs where the risk assessment indicates that
these risks cannot be avoided or adequately reduced.
Ensure that understandable and relevant information about the
measures to be taken regarding safety signage
30
 be provided to each employee, and provide instruction and
adequate and sufficient training on the meaning of the signs
of security and the measures to be taken regarding the signals
of security.

Regarding the employees, it is considered that they take the necessary

care for your own health and safety and that of others
people who may be affected by your activities during the
work and, therefore, respect the safety signs.

In general, do safety signs eliminate risk? Along with the

signaling, what other actions can be taken to eliminate or
minimize the risks?

To understand the commented resolution proposed by the professor,

access the video lesson of this Theory in Practice in the environment of

learning.

FUNDAMENTAL READING
Reading recommendations

Dear student, the following indications may be available

in some of the partners of our Virtual Library (log in)
through your AVA), and others may be available in
academic sites (like SciELO), repositories of institutions
public, public agencies, proceedings of scientific events or
scientific journals, all accessible via the internet.

This does not mean that the protagonism of your journey

self-development should change focus. We recognize
that you are the highest authority of your own life and must,

31
 portanto, assumir uma postura autônoma nos estudos e na
building your professional career.

That's why we invite you to explore all the possibilities of

our Virtual Library and beyond! Success!

Indication 1

In Occupational Safety Engineering, the subject of signaling

is described in several Regulatory Norms, among the types
Among signaling, there is emergency signaling that is meant to
reference to NR-23 - Fire Protection, which must also
comply with the fire department regulations.

SAO PAULO. Public Security Secretariat. Technical Instruction No. 20/2019,

Emergency signaling. São Paulo: Military Police of the State of São Paulo;
Fire Department, 2019.

Indication 2

NBR 16.820 (ABNT, 2020) – Emergency signaling systems

–, asserts that emergency signaling is considered a
passive measure. Emergency signage is divided into two
groups: basic signaling and complementary signaling.

ABNT. Brazilian Association of Technical Standards. ABNTNBR 16.820 – Systems

Emergency signaling. Rio de Janeiro: ABNT, 2021.

Indication 3

The NR10 - Safety in electrical installations and services

item 10.10 addresses circuit signaling and identification
of the risks related to electricity. Electrical accidents
they can be much more serious than just a small shock.

32
 Fires, serious injuries and even fatalities are the
possible consequences.

BRAZIL. Ministry of Labor and Social Security. NR 10 - Safety in

Installations and Services in Electricity. Brasília, DF: Ministry of Labor and
Social Security, 2019. Available at: Ministry of Labor and Social Security. Access
May 12, 2021.

QUIZ

Dear student, the questions of the Quiz aim to

reading verification of items Direct to the Point, To Know
But, Theory in Practice and Fundamental Reading, present in this
Learning in Focus.

For virtual and in-person assessments, the questions will be

elaborated from all items of Learning in Focus
and the slides used for recording the video lessons, besides
interpretation questions based on the header
of the issue.

1. Having safety signage at the workplace is essential.

A visible instruction from a safety sign gives a
clear indication and reduces the likelihood of accidents for
employees and non-employees and, therefore, creates an environment
safer work. It is important to emphasize that the
the existence of safety signs in a company will help
complying with regulatory standards (NRs) and ABNT NBR
7.195/2018. The four important safety signals
can be divided into categories:

Select the correct alternative.

a. Parada; Obrigatória; Cuidado; Emergência.

33
 b. Permission; Suspension; Care; Emergency.
c. Prohibition; Warning; Mandatory; Emergency.
d. Prohibition; Permission; Security; Emergency.
e. Entrada; Saída; Proibição; Emergência.

The term safety sign is relatively broad and

basically means a visual indicator that covers
a specific situation, object, or activity and provides
information or instructions on health and safety. Signs
manuals and audio can also be used. Mark the
correct alternative.

a. The main function of a safety signal is to verify the

employees safe in the workplace.
b. Accidents in the workplace cause countless injuries
and costs, annually.
A signal that contains a lot of information can be easy to
understand - it's easy to ignore.
d. Signs that are excessively vague can communicate
completely a danger.
e. Workplace incidents cause countless injuries
and has a high cost.

ANSWER KEY

Questão 1- Resposta C
Resolution: The 4 safety signals are: orange color and/or
vermelha:proibição;cor amarela:advertência;cor azul:
mandatory; red color: emergency.

34
 Questão 2- Resposta B
Resolution: The statement "The main function of a signal of
security is to check safe employees in the environment
The phrase 'of the work' is incorrect because the signaling does not verify,

signaling indicates and informs.

The statement 'A signal that contains a lot of information can
"being easy to understand – and easy to ignore" is wrong, because
signals with a lot of information are more difficult to
understand.
The statement "Signs that are excessively vague can
to fully communicate a danger" is incorrect, because signals
vague people do not communicate a danger.

The statement 'Incidents in the workplace cause

"countless injuries and cost, annually" is incorrect, because,
an incident is a near accident, so there are still no injuries,
victims or damages.

35
 START TEMA1TEMA2TEMA3TEMA4TEMA5TEMA6

THEME 4

Risk Control
______________________________________________________________
Autoria: Marcos Antonio Dias
Critical reading: Joubert Rodrigues dos Santos Júnior
 STRAIGHT TO THE POINT

As part of a company's risk management, one should

control risks in the workplace. To do this, it is necessary
think about what can cause harm to people and decide if the
the company is taking reasonable measures to prevent these damages.
This process is known as risk assessment and is something that
must be carried out by law and by common sense. A risk assessment
it's not about creating a large number of papers, generating bureaucracy, but
identify sensible measures to control risks on site
work.

Several companies are probably already taking measures to

protecting employees, on the other hand, risk assessment will help
to identify whether all actions taken were sufficient to
ensure the integrity of employees. To assess the risks,
Initially, it is necessary to identify the danger, which generates the risk of
accident. One of the most important aspects of an evaluation of
risk is accurately identifying potential hazards in the location of
work. The figure below presents a risky situation.

37
 Figure 1 - Maintenance in wind tower

Source: agafapaperiapunta/[Link].

A good starting point is to walk around the workplace.

and think about any dangers (things that can cause
damages). In other words, what exists in the activities, processes or
substances used that may harm employees or
jeopardize your health?

When people work in the same place every day, it is easy

ignore some dangers, so here are some tips to help
the company to identify those who matter:

Check the manufacturer's instructions or data sheets

for chemical products and equipment, as they can
be very helpful to explain the dangers and place them in your
true perspective.
38
 • Review accident records and health issues - many
Sometimes, they help identify the less obvious dangers.

Consider non-routine operations, for example,

maintenance, cleaning operations or changes in the cycles of
production.

• Remember or remind about the long-term dangers for

health, for example, high noise levels or exposure to
harmful substances.

There are some dangers with recognized damage risk, due to

example, working at height, working with chemicals,
machines and asbestos. Depending on the type of work that is
achieved, there may be other relevant risks for your business.

A simple suggestion is to ask employees what and where.

they think they are the dangers and the risks, as they can notice
things that are not obvious to the security personnel and may have
some good ideas on how to control these risks.

For each hazard, it is necessary to identify all the damages and the
frequency of exposure to them and then take actions to
mitigate the risk, respecting the characteristics of the process and of
involved people.

So, one must think of the people who may not be in the
workplace all the time, like visitors, contractors and
maintenance workers; consider whether the audience may be
harmed by work activities, of the company, for example,
construction of a building in a previously inhabited area. If a
company shares a workplace with another company,
one must consider how a company's work affects others
people and how the work of the other company affects the employees
from the first company.

39
 The identification and control of occupational risks require the
participation of all employees directly involved or
indirectly in the activities. The professionals in the security field
of the work are responsible for defining the best methodology for
identify and assess the risks, as well as propose the best solution for
neutralize them or reduce them to acceptable levels.

TO KNOW MORE

The wind energy sector is one of the fastest growing sectors.

quick. This means that occupational safety in the installation
the wind turbine is also becoming more important. The
number of workers employed in various areas of the sector
the wind energy is increasing every year, therefore, the state
general occupational safety during the installation of the wind turbine is
a great concern. Whenever possible, the dangers must
they should be completely eliminated. However, if that is not possible,
preventive measures should be taken to reduce risk. In this
In context, each worker must receive the appropriate training.
to ensure that they are aware of the dangers and can stay safe
insurance on site.

The assembly activity of the wind turbines is related to

various risks. Many of them related to activities involving
electricity (NR-10), load handling (NR-11), work in
height (NR-35) and work in confined spaces (NR-33). In one
brief description of the risks, we have:

For the development of the installation and assembly activity

safely mapping all the wind turbines is necessary
the dangers involved and assess the risks of each activity, or

40
 that is, to promote a risk assessment based on methodologies
effective.

Falls: wind turbines vary in height, but can have more.

30 meters high. The height of these structures makes safety
the wind turbines a challenge. Like most parks
wind turbines are exposed to strong winds and all types of
weather conditions, working at heights becomes more dangerous.
The workers of wind farms often have to
climbing stairs several times a day, which can result in falling
of workers if they are not equipped with PPEs and EPCs
properly placed. Risk management consists of systems
comguardrail, redes de segurança e uso correto dos EPIs e EPCs.

Cranes: are used during construction and maintenance of

wind farms. Risk control needs to meet the following conditions:
The cranes should only be operated by workers.
qualified, with the correct documents and training. Also
Therefore, there should be routine inspections before and after each use.
to ensure work safety during the installation of the turbine
wind power; the stabilizers and areas must be fully extended
accessible work within the swing radius of the crane and
must be marked; the crane must be located in a
stable surface; observe the suspended electrical power lines and
maintain at least a working distance of 3 m from the lines;
Finally, loads should not be moved over workers.

THEORY IN PRACTICE

In the Brazilian energy matrix, wind power generation is a

important source of clean energy. This study seeks to make a
risk assessment for the following activities related to

41
 wind turbines: transportation, installation, operation and maintenance.
Normally, wind farms are installed onshore, that is,
on land, offshore are installed in structures within the sea. The
The following figures show onshore and offshore wind turbines.

Figure 2 - Onshore wind farm

Source: 7Michael/[Link].

42
 Figure 3 - Offshore Wind Farm

Source: fokkebok/[Link].

This work mainly focuses on the type of wind turbines.

onshore. The four mentioned activities are responsible for the
main risks of the activities carried out.

There are different types of measures that can be taken to

help to contain dangers and risks within acceptable limits.

The systematic process of risk assessment provides understanding

of the developed activities, making the analysis of the
dangers and associated risks.

Answer the following question: what are the risks that should be
controlled in an onshore wind turbine?

43
 To know the commented resolution proposed by the professor,
access the video lesson of this Theory in Practice in the environment of

learning.

FUNDAMENTAL READING
Reading recommendations

Dear student, the following indications may be available

in some of the partners of our Virtual Library (make the log
through your AVA), and others may be available in
academic sites (like SciELO), repositories of institutions
public, government agencies, proceedings of scientific events or
scientific journals, all accessible via the internet.

This does not mean that the protagonism of your journey of

self-development should change focus. We recognize
that you are the highest authority of your own life and must,
therefore, adopting an autonomous stance in studies and in
building your professional career.

Therefore, we invite you to explore all the possibilities of

our Virtual Library is beyond! Success!

Indication 1

The indicated book highlights the importance of risk management.

from the point of view of occupational safety, occupational hygiene and
production engineering. The book also presents the possibility of
a completion of the training of a qualified professional
to respond to the needs related to risk management in

44
 industrial area, aware of its responsibilities towards
society, the organizations, and the environment in which it is inserted.

KAERCHER, Adi Regina; LUZ, Daniel Fonseca. Risk management: from

point of view of production management. Rio de Janeiro: Interciência, 2017.

Indication 2

The indicated article discusses the application of risk management in

product development, where the greatest efforts are in
risk control in the planning stages.

SILVA, Carlos Eduardo Sanches da et al. Application of risk management

in the product development process in auto parts companies.
Production, [s. l.], vol. 20, no. 2, pp. 200-213, Apr./Jun. 2010.

QUIZ

Dear student, the questions of the Quiz are intended for

verification of reading of items Direct to the Point, To Know
But, Theory in Practice and Fundamental Reading, present in this
Learning in Focus.

For virtual and in-person assessments, the questions will be

developed from all the items of Learning in Focus
and the slides used for the recording of the video lessons, in addition to
interpretation questions based on the header
of the question.

1. When a company decides to implement the PGR (General Program)

of risks), it is necessary to assess the risks,
identify the risks and assess the risks. In this process, it is necessary
one question: what factor has a direct impact on the
risks associated with work?
45
 a. The fire fighting plan.
b. The workplace.
c. The supervision exercised by the client.
d. The use of PPE.
e. First aid training.

2. Every company seeks to reduce material loss and damage.

the stoppage of the equipment, as well as preventing accidents
with the collaborators. For this reduction to happen it is
importante realizar a análise preliminar de riscos. Qual é o
objective of a preliminary risk analysis or risk assessment
of the task?

a. To characterize and recognize the risks associated with

work.
b. To prepare for the proper execution of the work.
c. To eliminate all risks.
d. To justify the risks associated with the work.
e. To study, in part, the risks associated with work.

ANSWER KEY

Questão 1- Resposta B
Resolution: The alternative that has as its answer 'The plan of
fire fighting
fire is a consequence if the risk is not reduced or
deleted.
The alternative that has as an answer 'The workplace'
it is correct, because the workplace is where the risks are
associated with work.

46
 The alternative that has as an answer 'The supervision exercised
"by the client" is wrong, because, depending on the company, the
the client has no contact with her.

The alternative that has the answer "The use of PPEs" is

wrong, because the direct impact depends on a series of items:
training, EPCs, communication, tools, among others.
The alternative that has as an answer 'The training in
"first aid" is incorrect, as the training in
first aid is a consequence, in case the risk is not
reduced or eliminated.
Question 2 - Answer A
Resolution: The alternative that has as an answer 'For
characterize and recognize the risks associated with work
It is correct. The objectives of the preliminary risk analysis are not to
protection of the worker's physical integrity, the protection of
the company's assets and the elimination of all risks, because it is
It is practically impossible to eliminate all risks. The objective
also not to justify the risks associated with work,
So, it is necessary to identify, assess, and control the risk.
preliminary risk analysis for the protection of physical integrity
the worker also does not aim to study, in part, the risks
associated with work, because, in fact, it indicates how
characterize and recognize the risks of the activity.

47
 START TEMA1TEMA2TEMA3TEMA4TEMA5TEMA6

THEME 5

Risk management
occupational
______________________________________________________________
Autoria: Marcos Antonio Dias
Critical reading: Joubert Rodrigues dos Santos Júnior
 STRAIGHT TO THE POINT

In summary, to manage risks at work, the following are applied.

three steps:

I. Identify the hazard (hazard identification).

II. Assess the risk (risk assessment).
III. Make the changes (risk control).

Locating the danger involves identifying the source that can cause it.
any harm to employees, such as: energized electrical cables
exposed (may result in electric shock); stacked boxes
in a precarious manner (they can fall on someone); machines and
equipment without protection, with noise level above the limits
established by the current regulations.

During the work experience, all employees must

remain alert to everything that could be dangerous. The use of
senses (sight, hearing, and smell) help to perceive what it could be
a danger, then the action is to communicate to several people and the
security.

Assessing risk means determining the probability of a hazard.

harming someone and the severity of the damage. Whenever a situation
if a dangerous condition is detected, it is important to assess the risk,
asking two questions:

What is the probability of the danger harming one or more

people?

How much could people be harmed?

Whenever an employee identifies a hazard or risk it is

It is necessary to report to your immediate superior and the security department.

49
 of work. A practical example: imagine that a certain
An employee was assigned to carry out a task of replacing
a lamp. Upon arriving at the location, he checked that there is a puddle.
of water just below the lamp, creating an additional risk. Of this
Thus, he should report the situation to those responsible.

The employer has the responsibility to identify hazards and

estimate the risks in a work environment, however, there are factors and
situations that can generate an additional risk, most of the time
caused by the lack of good maintenance practices, neglect
with tools and equipment, disregard for the rules and the
company procedures, with actions expected from the employee
proactive measures aimed at accident prevention. Generally, these
actions are simple, such as removing a material or piece from the floor, isolating
a location, signal and communicate to those directly responsible for the sector.

The ideal is to completely neutralize the risk, but for that, it is

it is necessary to eliminate the source generating the danger. However, this does not

it is always possible. For example: often the generating source is

a machine, equipment that is part of the company's process,
In this way, risks must be managed. Neutralize or
reducing a risk is possible based on actions that range from a
simple administrative solution to the complex engineering solution,
it is up to the professional in the field of occupational safety to analyze
the best solution, taking into account the particularities
of each process. In general, the definition of solutions goes through
following verifications:

Elimination: verify the possibility of eliminating the source

generator (danger).

Substitution: involves changing the process, replacing one

determined chemical product by others less dangerous and/
or automate a specific process.

50
 Isolation: involves using collective protections, such as
insert protections in machines and equipment, insert
barriers, signal and implement safety procedures.

•Protections: protections can be added by modifying

tools or equipment, or installing protections on
machinery. They should never be removed or disabled
by the workers who use the equipment.

Regardless of the solution to neutralize the risks, it is

it is necessary for all employees to be trained and
trained regarding the risks they are exposed to.

Even after the actions described above have been taken, the risk
to continue meaningful, it is necessary to specify equipment of
individual protection to minimize potential impacts on health
of the worker caused by the unhealthy and dangerous environment.

Sometimes, this will require more than one of the risk control measures.
to effectively reduce exposure to hazards.

TO KNOW MORE

How is a risk assessment conducted?

Evaluations must be conducted by competent professionals or

by a team of professionals who have a good knowledge
practical of the situation under study. Include in the team or as sources of
information to the supervisors and the workers who work with
the process under analysis, since these individuals are the most
familiar with the operation.

51
 Upon completing a risk assessment, it is important to clearly define
some keywords: an accident is an unplanned event
which results in loss. A danger is something that has the potential to
cause damage. Risk, on the other hand, is the probability and severity of a
occurrence that causes injury, illness, damage, and loss resulting from a
danger.

For this, one must seek complementary information, through

the safety data sheets of products (SDS), machine manuals
and equipment, reports and tests already conducted, statistics of
previous accidents, as well as checking the frequency of exposure of
employees to the specified risk.

You must understand the minimum legal requirements for the

jurisdiction. Identify the necessary actions to eliminate the danger
or risk control using the hierarchy of control methods
risk.

Evaluate through specific methodologies to confirm if the

danger has been eliminated or if the risk is properly controlled.

Monitor to ensure that control continues to be effective.

Save all documents or records that are necessary.

documentation may include the detailing of the process used to
assess the risk, outlining any evaluations or detailing how
the conclusions were made.

Assessing risk is part of the process used to control the

risks in a workplace and also requires the presence of the being
human.

52
 THEORY IN PRACTICE

You are a service provider at a manufacturing company.

parts for the automotive industry that decided to acquire a cobot
collaborative robot. The industrial director and the production manager
They accompanied you through the company and showed you the location where the cobot is.

será instalado. O local da instalação do cobot já está definido.

The cobots work close to the workers and to ensure the

safety in the workspace and production efficiency during
the production operation requires continuous monitoring and
I need the cobot and the perception of workers' activities.
Based on the text, perform the assessment of occupational risks and
responda: quais são os riscos? Quem pode ser prejudicado e como?
What will the company do to control the risks? Who needs to?
take the action? When is the action necessary?

To know the commented resolution proposed by the professor,

access the video lesson of this Theory in Practice in the environment of

learning.

FUNDAMENTAL READING
Reading recommendations

Dear student, the following indications may be available

at some of the partners of our Virtual Library (log in
through your AVA), and others may be available in
academic sites (such as SciELO), institutional repositories
public, public bodies, proceedings of scientific events or
scientific journals, all accessible via the internet.

53
 This does not mean that the protagonism of your journey of
self-development should change focus. We recognize
that you are the highest authority of your own life and you must,
therefore, taking an autonomous stance in studies and in
building your professional career.

That's why we invite you to explore all the possibilities of

our Virtual Library is beyond! Success!

Indication 1

In any workplace there are risks that allow

the occurrence of accidents and/or occupational diseases, but,
there are places where the risks are greater and leave workers in
a situation of greater vulnerability, causing dissatisfaction,
decreased productivity, diseases, potentially leading to
the employee deceased. The article deals with the assessment of risks
operational in a clothing manufacturing company.

SANTOS, Millena et al. Evaluation of occupational risks in a company

from Sergipe manufacturing. In: NATIONAL MEETING OF ENGINEERING OF
PRODUCTION, 38., 2018, Maceió. Proceedings[...] Maceió: Abepro, 2018.

Indication 2

The scenario found for the development of the research,

according to the author, there was a lack of technology, a need for
modernization of equipment and maintenance problems. In
a good scenario for possible work accidents, the assessment of
Risks are necessary to avoid accidents.

BISPO, Paula Alexandra de Almeida Santos. Perception, risk assessment and

work accidents: a case study in organizational context: a
case study in the Lisbon Metropolitan. 2018. Dissertation (Master's in

54
 Occupational Health and Safety Management - Higher Institute of Education and
Sciences, Lisbon, Portugal, 2018.

QUIZ

Dear student, the questions of the Quiz have the purpose of

item reading verificationDirect to the Point,To Know
But, Theory in Practice and Fundamental Reading, present in this
Learning in Focus.

For the virtual and in-person assessments, the questions will be

elaborated from all the items of Learning in Focus
and the slides used for recording the video lessons, in addition to
interpretation questions based on the header
of the question.

1. A large company, manufacturer of parts for

the sugarcane industry, with an approximate weight of 2
tons, you need to move them to the stock. Indicate
what risks should be evaluated in the transportation of these
parts. Put T for true and F for false.

Inadequate sizing of the equipment

cargo movement.

Fall of load or accident involving the workers.

Consider only the weight and length of the piece to be

transported.

Do not use the pickup points.

Fall of transported materials due to failures in

lifting devices.
55
 Choose the option that contains the correct sequence.

True – True – True – False – False.

b.F – V – F – V – F.
c.V – V – V – V – F.
d.F – V – V – V – F.
e.V – V – F – F – V.

2. It is important to remember that risk assessment should take into account

consideration not only of the current state of the workplace,
but also any potential problem situations.
Considering the presented context, evaluate the following
assertions and the proposed relationship between them.

I. When conducting a risk assessment, consider: the methods and

procedures used in processing, the handling, the
storage of materials, equipment, and substances
chemicals etc.

Because

II. It is necessary to consider the duration and frequency of the task - for
how long and how often a task is performed
- the place where the task is performed, the machines, tools,
materials etc. that are used in the operation and how they are
used.

Regarding these assertions, mark the correct option:

a. Assertions I and II are true propositions, and II is a

justification of I.
b. Assertions I and II are true propositions, but II is not.
a justification of I.

56
 c. Assertion I is a true proposition, and II is a
false proposition.
d. Assertion I is a false proposition, and II is a proposition
true.
The assertions I and II are false propositions.

ANSWER KEY

Questão 1- Resposta E
Resolution: The first, the second, and the fifth statements are
true.
The third alternative is false, as it is necessary to consider the
height and width of the piece.

The fifth alternative is false, as in reality, the points of

stickers were designed/installed in the piece to facilitate the
movement.
Questão 2- Resposta A
Resolution: When companies seek to conduct an inventory
of risks, a good part already has the APR - Preliminary Analysis
of Risks (APR) and/or the POP - Operational Procedure
Standard (SOP). If they do not have the mentioned documents, the
Risk assessment will consider the methods and procedures
used in processing, handling, storage of
materials, equipment, and chemical substances. In a second
moment, the duration and frequency of will be considered
task - (for how long and how often a task
is carried out); the place where the task is performed; the machines,
tools, materials, etc. that are used in the operation and
how they are used.

57
 Therefore, both assertions are true and proposition II
justify proposition I.
Basic rule: first you see what you have, then you see what
does.

58
 START TEMA1TEMA2TEMA3TEMA4TEMA5TEMA6

THEME 6

Risk management program

______________________________________________________________
Autoria: Marcos Antonio Dias
Critical reading: Joubert Rodrigues dos Santos Júnior
 STRAIGHT TO THE POINT

After identifying and assessing the risks in the workplace, it is

necessary to protect workers by controlling risks of
effective way, eliminating them or minimizing them whenever
possible. A control is any measure that reduces a risk.
Sometimes, a single control may be sufficient to eliminate a
risk, how to remove a fall hazard in the workplace.
However, other risks may require various control measures.

When deciding how to control risks, it is important to consult the

workers and their representatives, who will be directly
affected by the decision. Their experience will help choose the
appropriate control measures that work on paper and in
practice, and their involvement will increase the level of acceptance of
any changes that may be necessary to the way that
they do their job.

There are many ways to control risks. In this context,

Some control measures are more effective than others.
One must consider the various control options and choose the
control that most effectively eliminates the danger or minimizes it
risk. This may involve a single control measure or a
combination of different controls that together provide the most
high level of protection that is reasonably practicable. Some
problems can be easily solved and should be solved
immediately, while others will require more effort and
planning to be resolved. Among those that require
more effort, you should prioritize the areas of action, first of all,
focusing on the dangers with the highest risk level.

Control measures may include one or a mixture.

removal, rules, procedures, equipment, exclusions

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 training, supervision, limitations, prevention, methods and
arrangements. Now that you know better the control measure,
response: is it possible to use this control for all risks and have
The safest business in the world? Unfortunately, it doesn't work well.
like this.

There are many control measures available. For example, if

you tell your team to perform a task using glasses
protection to protect the eyes, it is a measure of
control. If you send a team to a training course
to understand how to do something safely, this is a measure
of control. If you provide a piece of equipment that makes the
safer task, this is also a control measure.

In theory, although it is possible to eliminate all risks, in practice,

it's not that simple. And what if you can't eliminate a risk?
For example, if the work has to be done at the height of the roof
and there is no way to circumvent this? Figure 1 shows the hierarchy of
risk control.

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 Figure 1 - Hierarchy of risk control

Source: adapted from Safe Work Australia (2011).

Considering the hierarchy of risk control, we will describe

to follow in more detail the levels of this hierarchy of
controls.

Elimination: it should always be the first control measure.

to be considered. Ask the following question: can this risk be
totally removed from this activity?

Substitution: it is the second best control measure that

you can use. Perhaps, the risk cannot be completely
deleted (as is usually the case), but it could be
reduced by replacing the material, the substance or the process
for something less dangerous?

•Engineering controls: generally, fixed controls.

temporary or permanent. The engineering controls

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 podem ser coletivos (protegendo todos os trabalhadores,
for example, edge protection for working at height
or individuals (protecting a single user, for example,
anchoring points for connection via lanyard.
Give priority to measures that protect collectively over
the individual measures

Administrative controls: although this type of control

have a lower priority, generally, it will be a part
essential control measures. These are the rules
and the systems that were deployed and implemented
to carry out the work safely. What are the
necessary procedures to work without anyone
Did I get hurt?

Personal protective equipment (PPE) and equipment

collective protection: PPE and EPCs are the last line of
defense against a danger, therefore, although it should not be the
first choice when managing risks, can give the user
additional protection for any remaining level of risk or if
other controls fail.

Frequently, there is some level of residual risk remaining.

If you cannot eliminate the risk completely, then the best
way to control risk will be through a combination of
control measures, mentioned earlier. These controls help
to reduce the remaining risk as low as possible.

Bibliographical references
SAFE WORK AUSTRALIA. How to manage work health and safety risks – Code of
practice. 2011. Available at: [Link]
files/documents/1702/how_to_manage_whs_risks.pdf. Accessed on: June 26, 2021.

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 TO KNOW MORE
After conducting the risk assessment, the identification, the evaluation of
risks and propose ways to control and monitor the risks, it is
the time to conduct the risk inventory and action plan, items
what is the essence of the PGR (Risk Management Program).
All materials also need to have photographic documentation.

If the company already has the documentation, such as a program of

environmental risk prevention (PPRA), control program
occupational health physician (PCMSO) and technical report of the
working environment conditions (LTCAT) are of great
importance of being known and consulted all of these
documents, once it provides important information about the
possibility of risks.

To prepare a risk inventory, it is important to consult the

NR-01 (2020), item [Link].2, which describes the minimum information
what a risk inventory needs to have. It shows the necessity
to characterize the establishment and define the work units.
The resources of the layout and flowcharts are also of great value and
important to be part of the risk inventory.

Most of the NRs request information, but left it open.

the presentation model. One suggestion is to use the knowledge
and the presentation format of the risk prevention program
environmental (PPRA), and not to forget the photographic record.

Bibliographic references
BRAZIL. Ministry of Labor and Social Security. NR-01: general provisions and
occupational risk management. Brasília, DF: Ministry of Labor
and Social Security, 2020. Available at: [Link]

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 inspection/safety-and-health-at-work/regulatory-standards/nr-01-
[Link]. Accessed on: August 29, 2021.

THEORY IN PRACTICE

Two years ago, the company XPTO Ltda. implemented a series

written health and safety procedures used for
train workers to perform specific tasks. How these
procedures have not been reviewed since their implementation,
the safety engineer implemented a new approach
not only to review these procedures, but also to
promote health and safety more broadly throughout
organization, encouraging team involvement and cooperation.

The procedure to be reviewed is the cleaning of eight blocks of

bathrooms in parks and public squares, in the municipality of Ilha
Nice. The resources used are: truck, compressor and machine
high pressure, chemical products and cleaning materials. Which
Are there dangers encountered while doing the task? What are the risks?
What does it represent for health and safety? How are these risks
currently controlled?

Para conhecer a resolução comentada proposta pelo professor,

access the video lesson of this Theory in Practice in the environment of

learning.

FUNDAMENTAL READING
Reading recommendations

Dear student, the following indications may be available

in some of the partners of our Virtual Library (make the log

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 through your AVA), and others may be available in
academic sites (such as SciELO), repositories of institutions
public, public bodies, proceedings of scientific events or
scientific journals, all accessible via the internet.

This does not mean that the protagonism of your journey

self-development should change focus. We recognize
that you are the highest authority of your own life and must,
therefore, to adopt an autonomous stance in studies and in
building your professional career.

That is why we invite you to explore all the possibilities of the

our Virtual Library is beyond! Success!

Indication 1

The regulatory standard NR-01, General Provisions and

occupational risk management indicates the need for
development of the risk management program (PGR). It leaves
it is open how the PGR will be developed and presented.

Recommendation: every time you use any NR, verify it first.

if there was no change/update. So, it is suggested to do the
download from NR and leave in the database of the subject that is
working. The NRs are constantly revised.

BRAZIL. Ministry of Labor and Social Security. NR-01: general provisions and
occupational risk management. Brasília, DF: Ministry of Labor and
Pension, 2020.

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 Indication 2

NR-15 deals with unhealthy activities and operations. This standard

contains a series of attachments and they are of great importance for the
risk assessment.

BRAZIL. Ministry of Labor and Social Security. NR-15: activities and operations
insalubrious. Brasília, DF: Ministry of Labor and Social Security, 2019.

QUIZ

Dear student, the questions of the Quiz are intended to

reading verification of items Direct to the Point, To Know
But, Theory in Practice and Fundamental Reading, present in this
Learning in Focus.

For the virtual and in-person assessments, the questions will be

developed from all the items of Learning in Focus
and the slides used for the recording of the video lessons, in addition to
interpretation questions based on the header
of the question.

1. In the cleaning of public restrooms, the resources used are:

compressor, high-pressure washing machine and products
chemicals. These materials are stored in the warehouse
central and are transported to the workplace by a
truck. What risks are not involved in this type of
operation?

Choose the correct alternative:

a. Handling of machines, equipment, and chemical products.

b. Work infection.
[Link]-air work, confined space work.
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 d. Noise.
e. Slips and falls.

There are many ways to manage risks. Some

control measures are more effective than others. Some
problems can be easily solved and should be
resolved immediately, while others will need
more effort and planning to be solved. Among
those that require more effort, you should prioritize the areas
of action, focusing first on the dangers with the level of risk
higher. Based on the text, what is the hierarchy of control?
of risks?

a. Elimination; substitution, engineering controls; controls

administrative; personal protective equipment.
b. Substitution; elimination, administrative controls, controls
of engineering, personal protective equipment.
c. Personal protective equipment; engineering control,
administrative control; replacement, elimination.
d. Engineering control; elimination; substitution;
personal protective equipment; administrative control.
e. Elimination; substitution, administrative controls; controls
engineering; personal protective equipment.

ANSWER KEY

Questão 1- Resposta C
Resolution: The cleaning of restrooms in public places is not
uma atividade a céu aberto ou em espaço confinado. Todas as
other alternatives are involved in the cleaning operation
from public bathroom.
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 Question 2 - Answer A
Resolution: The hierarchy of risk controls can
to be found in NR-9 and NR 1. And the indicated order is:
elimination, substitution, engineering controls, controls
administrative, personal protective equipment.
BRAZIL. Ministry of Labor and Social Security. NR-01:
general provisions and occupational risk management.
Brasília, DF: Ministry of Labor and Social Security, 2020.
Available at: [Link]
safety-and-health-at-work/regulatory-standards/nr-
[Link]. Accessed on: August 29, 2021.

BRAZIL. Ministry of Labor and Welfare. Secretariat of

Work. NR 9: environmental risk prevention program.
Brasília, DF: Ministry of Labor and Social Security, 2014.
Available at: [Link]
MTE/NR%209%20-%[Link]. Accessed on: Aug 29, 2021.

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HAPPY STUDYING!