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Understanding Control Volume in Fluid Dynamics

A control volume is a fixed region in space used for thermodynamic analysis of mass and energy in flow systems, with boundaries that can be real or imaginary. The analysis involves applying conservation laws to determine forces acting on fluids within the volume, such as in the example of a water jet hitting a stationary plate. The document illustrates calculations for pressure force, body force, total force, and resultant force in this context.

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6 views2 pages

Understanding Control Volume in Fluid Dynamics

A control volume is a fixed region in space used for thermodynamic analysis of mass and energy in flow systems, with boundaries that can be real or imaginary. The analysis involves applying conservation laws to determine forces acting on fluids within the volume, such as in the example of a water jet hitting a stationary plate. The document illustrates calculations for pressure force, body force, total force, and resultant force in this context.

Translated by

ScribdTranslations
Copyright
© All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd

Control Volume

It is a fixed region in space chosen for thermodynamic study.


of mass and energy balances for flow systems. The limit
The control volume can be a real or imaginary envelope.

A control volume is a fixed region in space chosen for the


thermodynamic study of mass and energy equilibria for
flow systems. The boundary of the control volume can be
a real or imaginary envelope. The control surface is the boundary
of the control volume.
A control volume analysis can be used, for example, to
determine the rate of change of momentum for a fluid. In this
analysis, we will consider a streamtube (control volume) as it
we made for theBernoulli's equationIn this volume of
control, any change at the moment of the fluid inside a
control volume is due to the action of external forces on the
fluid inside the volume.

Choose a control volume


A control volume can be selected like any volume
arbitrary through which the fluid flows. This volume can be
static, in motion and even deform during the flow. For
resolve any problem, we have to solvethe lawsbasics
ofconservationin this volume. It is very important to know all
the flow velocities relative to the control surface and, therefore
Therefore, it is very important to clearly define the limits of the volume.
of control during an analysis.
Example: jet of water hitting a stationary plate
A plate is used
stationary (for example, the blade of a water mill) for
divert the water flow at a speed of 1 m/s at an angle
at 90 °. It occurs at atmospheric pressure and the mass flow rate is equal
a Q = 1 m3/ s .
Calculate the pressure force.
2. Calculate the force of the body.
3. Calculate the total force.
4. Calculate the resultant force.
Solution
The pressure force is zero since the pressure is the same in the
input as in the outputs to the control volume is
atmospheric.
2. Since the control volume is small, we can ignore
the body's force due to the weight of gravity.
3. Fx= ρ.Q. (w1x– w 2x1) (1-0) = 1000 N
Fy= 0
F = (1000, 0)
4. The resultant force in the plane is of the same magnitude but
in the direction opposite to the total force F (the
friction and weight.
The water jet exerts a force of 1000 N on the plate.
address x.

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