Python Basics – Data
Structures
Contents
Contents
•Installing python
•Python Environment
•Assignments
•Naming Convention
•Data Structures
• Numbers
• Strings
• Boolean
• Lists
• Tuples
• Dictionaries
Introduction to Python &
History
What is python
•It’s a multi purpose programming language
•Open Source (Free)
•Powerful scripting language with simple Syntax
•Used by many data scientists and developers
•Human-readable syntax and well Documented
•[Link]
History
•Python language was developed by Guido van Rossum (Benevolent Dictator for
Life).
Python History
•First Python version released in 1991
•Python 2 was released in 2000
•Python 3 was released in 2008
•Python 3 is NOT fully backwards compatible with Python 2
Python2 vs Python3
• Python 3 is NOT fully backwards compatible with Python 2
Installing Python & Python
IDEs
Writing and executing python programs
•Python has many options to write and execute a program
•You can use Text Editors or Command line interfaces or Notebook or an
IDE
•Anaconda distribution has all the required software's inbuilt. We just
need to download and install it.
Installing Python, Anaconda
•Download and install Anaconda3
•It automatically installs
• Ipython
• Jupyter notebook
• Spyder IDE
Python on Cloud – Google Colab
Python Version
from platform import python_version
print(python_version())
Basic Commands in Python
Before you code
• Python is case sensitive
• Be careful while using the Variable names and Function names
• Sales_data is not same as sales_data
• Print() is not same as print()
Basic Commands
571+95
19*17
print(57+39)
print(19*17)
print(“Statinfer")
#use hash(#) for comments
#Division example
34/56
Basics-What an error looks like?
Print(600+900) #used Print() instead of print()
576-'96'
Assigning and Naming
convention
Assignment operator
= is the assignment operator
income=12000
income
x=20
x
y=30
z=x*y
z
name="Jack" del x #deletes the variable
name
print(name)
Naming convention
•Must start with a letter (A-Z or a-z)
•Can contain letters, digits (0-9), and/or underscore “_”
1x=20 #Doesn't work
x1=20 #works
x1
x.1=20 #Doesn't work
x.1
x_1=20 #works
x_1
Python Data Structures
Python Data Structures
Integer
Float
Primitive
String
All Data Structures
Boolean
List
Tuple
Built-In
Dictionary
Set
Nonprimitive
Stack
Queue
User-Defined
LinkedList
Tree
Python Data Structures
Integer You have to use these almost
in all programs
Float
Primitive
String
All Data Structures
Boolean
List You may have to use
these in several programs
Tuple
Built-In
Dictionary
Set
Nonprimitive
Stack
You can use these based
Queue on the need for some
User-Defined specific tasks.
LinkedList
Tree
Integers and Float
•Numbers: integers & floats
age=30
income=1250.567
print(type(age))
print(type(income))
print("Age - datatype", type(age))
print("Income - datatype", type(income))
Strings
• Strings are amongst the most popular types in Python.
• There are a number of methods or built-in string functions
Defining Strings
name="Sheldon"
print(name)
Accessing strings
print(name[0])
print(name[0:3])
print(name[3:6])
print(name[3:4])
Strings – Slicing
message="Python 5 day course - Statinfer"
print(message)
print(message[0:4])
print(len(message))
String Concatenation
First_name="Sheldon"
Last_name="Cooper"
Name= First_name + Last_name
Name1= First_name +" "+ Last_name
print(Name1)
print(Name1*10)
LAB : Strings
•Create a string “ Hello World ”. Beware of the empty spaces before
and after.
• What is the index position of the ‘r’?
• Remove the first and last space from it.
• Extract “ello” from it.
• Access ‘W’ using it’s index location.
• Add “!” at the end.
Boolean
•Used to store and return the values True an False.
•Useful for comparison operations
a=5>6
print(a)
print(type(a))
Boolean
What is the expected output of this code
a=5>6
if a:
print(10)
else:
print(15)
Python Data Structures
Integer
Float
Primitive
String
All Data Structures
Boolean
List
Tuple
Built-In
Dictionary
Set
Nonprimitive
Stack
Queue
User-Defined
LinkedList
Tree
Python Data Structures
Integer
Float
Primitive
String
All Data Structures
Boolean
List
Tuple
Built-In
Dictionary
Set
Nonprimitive
Stack
Queue
User-Defined
LinkedList
Tree
List
•A sequence or a collection of elements.
•A list looks similar to an array, but not array
•Lists, can contain any number of elements. The elements of a list
need not be of the same type
List Creation
Creating a list
cust=["Sheldon","leonard", "penny"]
Age=[30, 31, 27]
print(cust)
print(Age)
Accessing list elements
print(cust[0])
print(Age[1])
Combining two lists
cust_1=["Amy", "Raj"]
Final_cust=cust + cust_1
print(Final_cust)
print(len(Final_cust))
Appending an item to the list
Final_cust.append("Howard")
print(Final_cust)
Delete – based on value (a.k.a – remove)
•The remove() method removes the first matching element (which is
passed as an argument) from the list.
Final_cust.remove("penny")
print(Final_cust)
•What is the expected result for the below code?
Age=[30, 31, 27, 30, 48]
[Link](30)
print("After removing 30 ==>", Age)
Delete – based on index (a.k.a – pop)
• The pop() method removes the item at the given index from the list
and returns the removed item.
sales=[300, 350, 200, 250, 300]
[Link](0)
print("sales after pop ==>", sales)
What is the expected result for the below code?
[Link](0)
print("sales after second pop ==>", sales)
Sort the list items
Loans=[3, 0, 2, 6, 20]
[Link]()
print(Loans)
[Link](reverse=True)
print(Loans)
Negative Index
List 300 350 200 250 400
Usual Index 0 1 2 3 4
Negative Index -5 -4 -3 -2 -1
sales=[300, 350, 200, 250, 400]
print(sales[-1])
print(sales[-1],sales[-2], sales[-3], sales[-4], sales[-5])
Slicing a list
What is the expected result for the below code?
Age=[15, 44, 38, 19, 36, 25]
print(Age[2:5])
print(Age[2:10])
print(Age[2:])
print(Age[:4])
print(Age[-4:-2])
print(Age[:-4])
print(Age[-4:])
LAB: Lists
• Create a list with these numbers:
• names = ['Stan', 'Kyle', 'Cartman', 'Kenny']
• Change the value of ‘Kenny’ to ‘Butters’.
• Insert ‘Clyde’ at second position, after Stan ? (hint use insert())
• Remove butters but store the list in a variable called b.
• Access last 3 element of this list using negative indexing
• Define a list Age=[15, 44, 38, 19, 36, 25]
• How to reverse the items in a list. (hint use reverse())
• How to access the minimum and maximum values of a list?
• How to know the count of all elements inside a list ?
• How to access the index of a particular value inside a list?
Python Data Structures
Integer
Float
Primitive
String
All Data Structures
Boolean
List
Tuple
Built-In
Dictionary
Set
Nonprimitive
Stack
Queue
User-Defined
LinkedList
Tree
Python Data Structures
Integer
Float
Primitive
String
All Data Structures
Boolean
List
Tuple
Built-In
Dictionary
Set
Nonprimitive
Stack
Queue
User-Defined
LinkedList
Tree
Tuples
•Tuple is one of 4 built-in data types in Python
•Collection of items stored in a single variable
•Items inside a tuple can be homogeneous or heterogenous.
•Tuples are sequences, just like lists. There are some major differences
between tuples and lists.
•Tuples are immutable. We can NOT update or change the values of
tuple elements
Tuples – Defining and Accessing
custd_id=("c00194", "c00195", "c00198")
type(custd_id)
rank=(1, 46, "NA", 5, 8)
type(rank[1])
print(type(rank[1]),type(rank[2]))
Tuple packing
region= "E", "W", "N", "S"
type(region)
•The above operation is called tuple packing. "E", "W", "N", "S" are
packed together.
•The reverse is also possible.
r1, r2, r3, r4= region
print(r1, r4)
print(type(r1))
Tuples vs. Lists – Difference
•Tuples are immutable. Seal the data in the tuple, totally prevent it from being
modified at any stage of the development.
•Tuples are faster and use less memory than lists.
custd_id_t=("c00194", "c00195", "c00198")
custd_id_l=["c00194", "c00195", "c00198"]
custd_id_l[1]="c00176"
custd_id_t[1]="c00176"
Tuples utilize less memory
•A list is mutable. Python needs to allocate more memory than needed to the
list. This is called over-allocating.
•Meanwhile, a tuple is immutable. When the system knows that there will be
no modifications, memory allocations will be very efficient.
from sys import getsizeof
custd_id_t=("c00194", "c00195", "c00198")
custd_id_l=["c00194", "c00195", "c00198"]
print("tupple size ", getsizeof(custd_id_t))
print("list size ", getsizeof(custd_id_l))
Working with a tuple is faster
• Time that needs to copy a list and a tuple 1 billion times
Tuple vs List – Which one to use?
•We have to use both.
•Sometimes we need mutability and modifications to the variables, in
some other cases, we need speed and utilize less memory.
Tuple vs List – Which one to use?
•Example-1
• You are writing a function. You need to take the input parameters from the user
and perform the calculations inside the function to return some result.
• How would you like to store the input parameters ? Inside a tuple? Or inside a list?
•Example-2
• Store all the columns inside a variable and return the first two columns. Later,
rename the first column and pass it on to the next step.
• How would you like to store the column names? Inside a tuple? Or inside a list?
LAB: Tuple
• Create a tuple:
• (28, ‘Sophia’, True, names) | beware the names is a list containing 4 names
• Access first element of the names from this tuple.
• Re-assign a new value for the last element of the list names via this
tuple.
• Print the list names and see if it has changed.
Python Data Structures
Integer
Float
Primitive
String
All Data Structures
Boolean
List
Tuple
Built-In
Dictionary
Set
Nonprimitive
Stack
Queue
User-Defined
LinkedList
Tree
Python Data Structures
Integer
Float
Primitive
String
All Data Structures
Boolean
List
Tuple
Built-In
Dictionary
Set
Nonprimitive
Stack
Queue
User-Defined
LinkedList
Tree
Dictionaries
•Dictionaries have two major element types key and Value.
•Dictionaries are collection of key value pairs
•Each key is separated from its value by a colon (:), the items are
separated by commas, and the whole thing is enclosed in curly braces.
•Keys are unique within a dictionary
city={0:"L.A", 9:"P.A", 7:"FL"}
type(city)
print(city)
print(city[1])
print(city[0])
Dictionaries
•In dictionary, keys are similar to indexes. We define our own preferred
indexes in dictionaries
cust_profile={"C001":"David", "C002":"Bill", "C003":"Jim"}
print(cust_profile[0])
print(cust_profile[C001])
print(cust_profile["C001"])
#Updating values
cust_profile["C002"]="Tom"
print(cust_profile)
Dictionaries
Updating keys in dictionary
Delete the key and value element first and then add new element
#Updating Keys
#C001 ---> C009
#Delete + Add
del(cust_profile["C001"])
print(cust_profile)
cust_profile["C009"]="David"
print(cust_profile)
Dictionaries
•Fetch all keys and all values separately
[Link]()
[Link]()
Iterating in a Dictionary
Employee = {"Name": "Tom", "Emp_id": 198876, "Age": 29, "salary":25000
,"Company":"FB"}
•What is the expected output?
for x in Employee:
print(x)
•What is the expected output?
for x in [Link]():
print(x)
Iterating in a Dictionary
•What is the expected output?
for x in [Link]():
print(x,Employee[x])
•You can also use items.
for x in [Link]():
print(x)
LAB: Dictionary
• Create a the below dictionary with 3 names as keys and
their age as values.
• name_age = {'Stan':8, 'Kyle':8, 'Cartman':10}
• Access the age of 3rd key.
• Append dictionary with single key and value pair. Kenny - 9
• Update the dictionary with a two values {'Cartman':11, 'Token':10}
Conclusion
Conclusion
•In this session we got basic introduction to Python.
•We tried some basic commands in Python
•We learned some important data structures in python