Bài 1: Hoàn thành câu với từ gợi ý

Choose: littering – reduce – harm – because – solution – cause

1. People throw trash on the street ______ they are lazy.
2. Littering is a ______ of pollution.
3. Plastic waste can ______ animals.
4. We should ______ plastic use.
5. One ______ is to recycle more.
6. Plastic bags increase ______ of plastic waste.
Đọc câu và chọn Cause / Effect / Solution.
1. People use plastic bags because they are free. → ______
2. Plastic waste harms sea animals. → ______
3. People should bring their own bottles. → ______
4. This problem happens because people don't recycle. → ______
5. The environment becomes dirty. → ______
6. One solution is to teach students about recycling. → ______
Hoàn thành câu nguyên nhân (Cause).
Choose: because / because of / one cause is / another reason is
1. People throw away plastic bags ______ they are convenient.
2. Plastic waste increases ______ bad waste management.
3. ______ people use too many single-use plastics.
4. ______ that shops give plastic bags for free.
Bài 2: Hoàn thành câu hậu quả (Effect).
Choose: harms – blocks – damages – causes
1. Plastic in the ocean ______ sea animals.
2. Rubbish in the street ______ the environment.
3. Trash ______ the drains (cống).
4. Plastic waste ______ pollution.
Bài 3: Hoàn thành câu giải pháp (Solution).
Choose: should – can – one solution is to – cut down on
1. People ______ recycle more.
2. Students ______ bring reusable bottles.
3. ______ reduce plastic bags.
4. We ______ plastic use.
A. Viết câu Cause theo mẫu
Mẫu: One cause is + noun / clause
Viết 2 câu:
1. One cause is ___________________________________.
2. Another reason is that ___________________________.

B. Viết câu Effect theo mẫu

Mẫu: A causes B / A harms B / A leads to B
Viết 2 câu:
1. Plastic waste harms ____________________________.
2. This problem leads to ___________________________.

C. Viết câu Solution theo mẫu

Mẫu: People should… / One solution is to… / We can…
Viết 3 câu:
1. People should __________________________________.
2. One solution is to _______________________________.
3. Schools can help by ______________________________.
CAUSE SENTENCES
Viết câu phức dùng cấu trúc học thuật
Dùng một trong các cấu trúc:
 The main cause of this issue is that…
 This problem largely stems from…
 One contributing factor is…
 This can be attributed to…
Viết lại câu theo gợi ý (phải mở rộng thêm ý).
1. People use too many plastic bags.
→ _______________________________________________________________
2. Teenagers spend too much time on their phones.
→ _______________________________________________________________
3. Air pollution is getting worse in big cities.
→ _______________________________________________________________
Viết câu phân tích nguyên nhân
Dùng cấu trúc:
 …because…, which is caused by…
 …due to…, which comes from…
1. People don’t recycle → (lack of awareness → no environmental education)
→ _______________________________________________________________
2. Many children eat unhealthy food → (busy parents → no home-cooked meals)
→ _______________________________________________________________
3. Traffic jams occur → (too many private vehicles → cheap motorbikes)
→ _______________________________________________________________
EFFECT SENTENCES
Viết câu
Dùng mẫu:
 As a result,…
 This eventually leads to…
 This has significant impacts on…
Viết 1 câu ít nhất 20 từ.
1. Plastic waste → environment
→ _______________________________________________________________
2. Phone addiction → teenagers’ health
→ _______________________________________________________________
3. Heavy traffic → daily life in cities
→ _______________________________________________________________
Viết câu thể hiện chuỗi hậu quả (Effect → Effect) Dùng mẫu:
 This results in…, which in turn causes…
1. Air pollution → breathing problems → higher medical costs
→ _______________________________________________________________
2. Using phones at night → poor sleep → lower academic performance
→ _______________________________________________________________
3. Eating junk food → weight gain → long-term health issues
→ _______________________________________________________________
SOLUTION SENTENCES
Dùng các mẫu:
 One effective measure would be to…
 Authorities should consider…
 A long-term solution is to…
  This issue can be addressed if…
1. Problem: plastic waste
→ _______________________________________________________________
2. Problem: teenagers addicted to phones
→ _______________________________________________________________
3. Problem: traffic congestion
→ _______________________________________________________________
Viết câu giải pháp có mục đích kép
Dùng mẫu:
 …in order to…, and this also helps to…
 …so that…, while also…
1. Schools teach students about recycling → (reduce waste + raise awareness)
→ _______________________________________________________________
2. People use public transport → (reduce pollution + reduce traffic)
→ _______________________________________________________________
3. Parents limit phone use → (improve sleep + improve study focus)
→ _______________________________________________________________
COMPLEX SENTENCE INTEGRATION (Cause + Effect + Solution)
Viết 1 câu gồm đủ 3 thành phần
Cấu trúc gợi ý:
Because…, …, so…
Hoặc
Although…, …, which leads to…, so….
1. Topic: plastic bags
→ _______________________________________________________________
2. Topic: phone addiction
→ _______________________________________________________________
3. Topic: traffic jams
→ _______________________________________________________________
ADVANCED REWRITE
Viết lại câu đơn thành câu phức học thuật
Câu gốc: People throw trash anywhere and this makes the environment dirty.
→ Viết lại, dùng due to / which results in / as a consequence
→ _______________________________________________________________
Câu gốc: Teenagers use their phones too much, so they cannot focus on studying.
→ Viết lại, dùng since / leading to / therefore
→ _______________________________________________________________
Câu gốc: There is too much plastic waste, so people should recycle more.
→ Viết lại thành câu dài, dùng Given that… , … , so…
→ _______________________________________________________________