MtChapter 9: Audiences
1. Definition of Audience
● An audience is the group of people who will use or receive information
from an ICT system.
● Understanding the audience ensures information is relevant,
understandable, and effective.
2. Types of Audience
1. Internal Audience – Within an organization (employees,
management).
2. External Audience – Outside an organization (clients, public,
stakeholders).
3. Target Audience – Specific group for whom the information is
intended.
3. Audience Needs
● Information should be tailored according to:
o Age: Language and design differ for children vs adults.
o Education level: Simplified vs technical language.
o Technical ability: Novice users need guidance, experts need
detail.
o Interests and preferences: Relevant content increases
engagement.
o Accessibility: Consider disabilities (visual, hearing, motor).
4. Methods to Meet Audience Needs
● Presentation format: Reports, leaflets, slideshows, websites.
● Content style: Formal vs informal tone.
● Layout & design: Clear headings, visuals, easy navigation.
● Accessibility features: Screen readers, subtitles, high contrast.
5. Effects of Audience on ICT Products
● Choice of software and tools depends on audience.
● Design decisions affect clarity, usability, and engagement.
● Example: An educational game for children vs a business report for
executives.
6. Copyright
● Copyright protects creators’ work from unauthorized copying,
distribution, or modification.
● Ensure materials used are either original, licensed, or properly
referenced.
● Using copyrighted content without permission can result in legal
consequences
Chapter 10: Communication
1. Definition of Communication
● Communication is the exchange of information using ICT tools.
● Can be one-way (broadcast, website) or two-way (email, chat).
2. Methods of ICT Communication
1. Email – Fast, low-cost, recordable.
2. Video Conferencing – Real-time visual/audio interaction.
3. Instant Messaging & Chat Apps – Quick informal communication.
4. Social Media – Sharing information with a wide audience.
5. Blogs & Websites – One-way publishing of information.
3. Legislation
● Laws affect how ICT communication is used.
● Examples:
o Data Protection Act: Protects personal information.
o Computer Misuse Act: Prevents hacking, unauthorized access.
o Copyright Law: Protects intellectual property online.
4. Acceptable Language
● Communication should be polite, clear, and professional.
● Avoid offensive, discriminatory, or inappropriate language in emails,
posts, or messages.
5. Copyright & Security of Emails
● Copyright: Do not forward copyrighted material without permission.
● Email Security:
o Use strong passwords.
o Avoid opening unknown attachments or links.
o Encrypt sensitive emails when necessary.
6. Netiquette
● Netiquette is proper behavior on the Internet.
● Includes:
o Polite, respectful communication.
o Avoiding spam or chain emails.
o Using appropriate formatting and tone.
7. Email Operations
● Composing and sending emails: Ensure correct recipient(s), subject
line, and attachments.
● Replying/Forwarding: Maintain clarity and confidentiality.
● Organizing emails: Use folders, labels, and filters.
● CC/BCC: Carbon Copy (CC) for visibility, Blind Carbon Copy (BCC) for
privacy.
8. Advantages of ICT Communication
● Fast delivery, low cost, global reach.
● Collaboration possible across distances.
● Provides records and documentation.
9. Disadvantages / Risks
● Security threats: hacking, phishing, viruses.
● Miscommunication due to tone/clarity.
● Dependence on technology; network failures affect communication.
● Privacy concerns; personal data exposure.
10. Effective Communication
● Clarity: Use concise and clear language.
● Tone: Formal vs informal based on audience.
● Appropriateness: Method fits purpose and audience.
● Barriers: Language, culture, technical issues, accessibility.
11. Impact of ICT on Communication
● Personal: Easier social interaction, social media.
● Educational: Online learning, virtual classrooms.
● Business: Teleworking, virtual meetings, global collaboration.