Society Building
Building height = 21.5 m
Ground floor height (parking) = 3.5 m
Each floor height = 3.0 m
Fixtures per flat:
2 bathrooms (each with shower, wash basin, toilet)
1 kitchen (with wash basin)
Total floors with flats = 5 (excluding parking)
Total number of flats = 5
Total fixtures per flat = 2(3) + 1(1) = 7 water outlets per flat
Total water outlets in building = 5 × 7 = 35
Ground floor tap = 1 additional outlet
Project Title: Design & Analysis of a Water Supply System for a Multi-Story Residential Building
Objective:
To design a water supply system for a 6-floor residential building, ensuring efficient water
distribution from an underground reservoir to individual flats.
Building Specifications:
Total height: 21.5m
Ground floor (3.5m parking area) with a tap
Five floors (each 3.0m high), each containing:
o Two bathrooms (shower, wash basin, Western toilet)
o One kitchen (wash basin)
Key Calculations:
Pipe sizing & flow rate estimation
Major & minor losses in the pipeline
Required pump power to supply water to the highest floor
Design a water supply system for a 6-floor residential building to transport water from an
underground reservoir to each flat. The building has:
Ground Floor (3.5m height, parking area) with a tap.
Five residential floors (each 3.0m height), with each flat containing:
o Two bathrooms (each with a shower, wash basin, and Western toilet).
o One kitchen (with a wash basin).
The total building height is 21.5 meters.
Consider pipeline fittings (valves, bends, etc.) and calculate:
1. Major & minor losses in the pipeline.
2. Pump power requirement to ensure sufficient water pressure.
Step 1: Determine the Flow Rate (Q) Required
Fixture Flow Rates (Assumptions as per Plumbing Codes)
Fixture Flow Rate (LPM) Count per Flat Total for 5 Flats (LPM)
Shower 9 2 90
Wash Basin 3 2 30
Western Toilet (Flush) 6 2 60
Kitchen Wash Basin 4 1 20
Ground Floor Tap 10 1 10
Total Demand (LPM) 210 LPM (3.5 LPS)
We assume that not all fixtures operate simultaneously. Using a diversity factor (say 0.6 for
residential buildings):
Qeffective=0.6×3.5=2.1 LPSQ_{\text{effective}} = 0.6 \times 3.5 = 2.1 \text{ LPS}
Step 2: Pipe Selection and Velocities
Choosing CPVC Pipe Size Based on Flow Rate:
From CPVC pipe flow charts, for 2.1 LPS, a 50 mm (2-inch) pipe gives a velocity of around 1.8
m/s (which is within limits of 1–2 m/s for water supply).
Step 3: Major Loss Calculation (Darcy-Weisbach Equation)
hf=fLDV22gh_f = f \frac{L}{D} \frac{V^2}{2g}
Where:
ff = Friction factor (Assume 0.018 for CPVC pipes)
LL = Pipe length (Estimate 60 m main supply to top floor)
DD = Pipe diameter = 0.050 m
VV = Velocity = 1.8 m/s
gg = 9.81 m/s²
hf=0.018×600.050×(1.8)22×9.81h_f = 0.018 \times \frac{60}{0.050} \times \frac{(1.8)^2}{2 \times
9.81} hf=0.018×1200×3.2419.62h_f = 0.018 \times 1200 \times \frac{3.24}{19.62} hf=3.56 mh_f =
3.56 \text{ m}
Step 4: Minor Loss Calculation
hm=∑KV22gh_m = \sum K \frac{V^2}{2g}
Fitting Type Count Loss Coefficient KK Contribution to hmh_m (m)
90° Elbow 6 0.9 1.66
Gate Valve (open) 1 0.2 0.18
Fitting Type Count Loss Coefficient KK Contribution to hmh_m (m)
Sudden Contraction 1 0.5 0.46
Total Minor Losses 2.3 m
hm=2.3 mh_m = 2.3 \text{ m}
Step 5: Total Head Required for Pump
Hpump=hs+hf+hmH_{\text{pump}} = h_s + h_f + h_m
Where:
hsh_s = Static head = 21.5 m
hfh_f = Friction loss = 3.56 m
hmh_m = Minor losses = 2.3 m
Hpump=21.5+3.56+2.3=27.36 mH_{\text{pump}} = 21.5 + 3.56 + 2.3 = 27.36 \text{ m}
Step 6: Required Power for Pump
P=ρgQHηP = \frac{\rho g Q H}{\eta}
Where:
ρ\rho = Density of water = 1000 kg/m³
gg = Acceleration due to gravity = 9.81 m/s²
QQ = Flow rate = 2.1 LPS = 0.0021 m³/s
HH = Total head = 27.36 m
η\eta = Pump efficiency (assumed 70%) = 0.7
P=1000×9.81×0.0021×27.360.7P = \frac{1000 \times 9.81 \times 0.0021 \times 27.36}{0.7}
P=562.850.7=803.93 WP = \frac{562.85}{0.7} = 803.93 \text{ W} P≈0.8 kWP \approx 0.8 \text{ kW}
Final Answer:
Major Losses: 3.56 m
Minor Losses: 2.3 m
Total Head Required: 27.36 m
Pump Power Required: 0.8 kW (~1 HP pump recommended)
This gives a detailed breakdown of all losses and required pump power. Let me know if you need any
adjustments or refinements! 🚰🔧