MODULE II
Types of MIS
1. Transaction processing system (TPS)
2. Decision support system (DSS)
3. Group decision support system
4. Executive information system (EIS)
5. Expert system (ES)
6. Management reporting system (MRS)
Transaction processing system (TPS)
It is the type of information system, that collect store modify
and retrieve daily transaction of an organization.
Features of TPS
Rapid response
Reliability
Inflexibility
Controlled access
Distribution of information to other system
Historical data
Link with external environment
Provide information to other functional systems
Meet the requirement of operational level of firm
Components of TPS
1. Input
2. Storage
3. Output
Key properties of TPS
Atomicity
Consistency
Isolation
Durability
Transaction process cycle
1. Data entry
2. Transaction processing
3. Files and database processing
4. Document and report generation
5. Inquiry processing
Methods for processing transactions
Batch processing
Batch processing transactions are collected and accumulated
over a period of time and processed periodically.
Online processing
Transactions are entered on line, validated and processed
immediately and results are available immedietly.
Data processing
Data is processed immedietly and provide immediate output to
users.
Decision support system (DSS)
A decision support system can be defined as a system that
provides information for making semi structured and
unstructured decisions.
Characteristics/ capabilities of DSS
1. Facilitates decision making
2. Support decision makers at any level
3. Meant for higher level management
4. Computers as well as judgement
5. Interaction
6. Task oriented
7. Repeated use
8. Identifiable
9. Quick response
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Components of DSS
Database
Module base
DSS software
People resources
Functions of DSS
1. Quick response
2. Monitor and control function
3. User interface
Types of DSS
Model-driven DSS
This type of DSS utalises model to perform different kinds of
analysis. Here decision are based on models.
Data-driven DSS
It emphasis on collected data that is then manipulated to fit
decision makers need.
Communication-driven DSS
In this decisions enabled by communicating and sharing
information between groups and people through web, client
server etc.
Web based DSS
The term simply describes any DSS that is operated through the
interface of a web browser.
Personal DSS
It is designed for individual in order to carry out daily work.
Intelligent DSS
It helps the user to select right model based on the type of
problem being analyzed.
Desktop DSS
It can stored in small computer system even in personal
computer.
Knowledge-driven DSS
This type of DSS are personal computer system with special
rules used to solve problems.
Document-driven DSS
In this type uses documents in a variety of data types. In this
type of DSS large volume of data are analyzed for decision
making.
Benefits of DSS
1. Help in solving time
2. Improve efficiency
3. Boost up interpersonal communication
4. Provide competitive advantage
5. Helps in reducing cost
6. High satisfaction among decision makers
7. Organisation control
Limitations of DSS
1. Computational problems
2. Low speed
3. Limited to individual us
Group decision support system (GDSS)
GDSS is an interactive computer based system to facilitate a
number of decision makers in finding solutions to problems
that are unstructured in nature.
Features of GDSS
High level of interaction
Criticism free idea generation
Availability of information
Stored information
Decision on priorities
Components of GDSS
1. Decision makers
2. Database and model base
3. Groupware
Techniques of group decision making
1. Brain storming
It is a method of generating ideas and sharing knowledge to
solve a particular commercial or technical problem.
2. Nominal group techniques
It is a structured method for group brain storming that
encourages contributions from everyone and facilitate quick
agreement on the relative importance of problems.
3. Delphi method
It is a structured communication method, developed as a
systematic, interactive forecasting method relies on a panel of
experts.
Benefits of GDSS
1. Greater participation
2. Open and free atmosphere
3. No criticism
4. Pooling of knowledge
5. Personal development
6. Information to non-participant
Limitations of GDSS
1. Time consuming activity
2. Costly
3. No responsibility
4. Individual domination
Executive information system (EIS)
It is a type of management information system that facilitate
and supports senior executive information and decision making
needs.
Features of EIS
It is meant for top level management
Pervasive in nature
Emphasis on external data
Information in summary form
Components of EIS
1. Hardware
2. Software
3. Models and graphics
Benefits of EIS
1. Flexibility
2. Reduce information overload
3. Ability to analyze and compare
4. Monitoring performance
5. Improve the performance
Expert system
An expert system is a computer program that is designed to
solve complex problems and to provide decision making ability
like a human expert.
Components of expert system
Hardware resources
Software resources
Knowledge base
People resource
Advantages of expert system
1. Availability
2. Cheaper
3. Permanence
4. Knowledge based resource
5. Fast response
6. Use in risky environment
Limitations of expert system
1. Not for solving general problems
2. Costly
3. Most suitable to solve problem require knowledge and
subject thinking
Management reporting system (MRS)
It is a part of management information system that provides
business information. This information can be in the form of
report or statements.
Characteristics/ features of MRS
Developed by professionals
Large and complex
No alternative solution
Limited analytical capabilities
Focus on past and present reporting
Types of reports
Scheduled report
It is a report, which is produced at scheduled intervals. The
format is fixed in advance.
Exception reports
It is a type of report, which is produced only when exceptional
situations.
Demand/ Adhoc report
It is a type of report, which contain special information and
non-routine information.
Advantages of MRS
Fast and effective report generation
Improve performance and productivity
Improved management decision making
Competitive advantage