# BASIC CONCEPTUAL CLASS

### ONE MARK QUESTIONS

1. Write down four important characteristics of image formed by a plane mirror.

2. Describe a spherical mirror.

3. Define the following terms in relation to concave spherical mirror: Pole, Centre of
curvature, Radius of curvature, Principal axis, Principal focus, Aperture, Focal length.

4. What are the advantages and disadvantages of using a convex mirror for seeing traffic
at the rear?

5. What are the units of power of a lens?

6. Give two uses of a convex lens.

7. Give one use of a concave lens.

8. What is a prism?

9. Define the term reflection.

10. Define the terms: Angle of incidence, Angle of reflection, Plane of incidence.

11. State the laws of reflection.

12. Explain why we see the sign on the front of some vehicles.

13. What is the radius of curvature of a plane mirror?

14. How many images are formed by two parallel mirrors?

15. Name a mirror that can give an erect and enlarged image of an object.

16. The radius of curvature of a spherical mirror is 20 cm. What is its focal length?

17. Light enters from air to glass having refractive index 1.50. What is the speed of light
in glass? (Speed in air is $$3 \times 10^8$$ m/s.)

18. The refractive index of diamond is 2.42. What is the meaning of this statement?

### TWO MARKS QUESTIONS

20. How can you identify the three types of mirrors without touching them?

21. What happens to a ray of light when it travels from one medium to another having
equal refractive indices? State the cause of refraction of light.

22. What should be the position of the object when a concave mirror is to be used as a
shaving mirror and in torches producing parallel beam of light?

23. Name the type of lens that can be used as magnifying glass. Give reasons and draw
a ray diagram to support your answer.

24. An object is placed at different distances from a concave mirror of focal length 15
cm. Which position of the object will produce: (i) Virtual image (ii) A diminished real
image (iii) An enlarged real image (iv) An image of the same size?

25. What is meant by refraction of light? If, on applying Cartesian sign convention for
spherical lenses, the image distance obtained is negative, state the significance of the
negative sign.

26. What is the minimum number of rays required for locating the image formed by a
concave mirror for an object? Draw a ray diagram to show the formation of a virtual
image by a concave mirror.

27. Name the spherical mirror used as (i) shaving mirror (ii) rear view mirror in vehicles
(iii) reflector in search lights. Write three differences between a real and virtual image.

28. What is meant by power of a lens? Give its SI unit. When two or more lenses are
placed in contact, what will be their combined power?

29. For the same angle of incidence in media P, Q and R, the angles of refraction are 45°,
35°, and 15° respectively. In which medium will the velocity of light be minimum? Give
reason.

30. Define absolute refractive index. Absolute refractive indices of medium A and B are
$$n_a$$ and $$n_b$$ respectively. What is the refractive index of medium B with
respect to A? How does the velocity of light vary with optical density?

31. Light enters from air to water having refractive index 4/3. Find the speed of light in
water. The speed of light in vacuum is $$3 \times 10^8$$ m/s.

32. What is meant by radius of curvature of a spherical mirror? How is it related to the
focal length of the mirror?

33. Refractive index of turpentine, kerosene and alcohol are 1.47, 1.44 and 1.36.
Complete the ray diagram to show the path of a ray in each medium and give a reason.
34. With the help of a ray diagram, show that angle of incidence is equal to angle of
reflection on a concave/convex mirror.

35. A doctor prescribes a corrective lens of power 1.5 D. Find its focal length. Is it
diverging or converging?

36. With a ray diagram, show formation of an image by a concave mirror at the centre of
curvature.

37. Draw a ray diagram for the image formed by a concave mirror with the object beyond
the centre of curvature.

38. Differentiate between reflection and refraction of light.

39. Define optical centre and principal axis of a lens. Show path of a refracted ray
incident towards optical centre of a concave lens.

40. An object is placed at the focus of a convex lens. Draw a ray diagram to locate the
image and state its position and nature.

41. Define the term magnification. Write its formula.

42. Write the relation between object distance and image distance from a lens and its
focal length.

43. With ray diagrams, differentiate between a converging and a diverging lens.

44. If the image formed by a spherical mirror for all positions of the object is always
erect and diminished, what type of mirror is it? Draw labelled ray diagram to support
your answer.

45. State the laws of refraction of light. Explain absolute refractive index and write the
speed expression.

### THREE MARKS QUESTIONS

46. A ray of light is incident obliquely on a glass slab. Draw the ray diagram showing
angles and give a formula for refractive index in terms of angles.

47. For the same angle of incidence, angle of refraction in two transparent media I and II
are 20° and 30°. Which is optically denser and why? Also, calculate speed of light in
diamond if its refractive index is 2.42.
48. A student used a convex lens and measured positions for object and screen. Find
focal length and discuss set of observations.

49. Define power of a lens and its SI unit. A convex lens forms a real inverted image of a
needle 50 cm from it. Where is the object? Find lens power.

50. A ray of light falls normally on a face of a glass slab. What are the values for angles of
incidence and refraction? Light enters a medium X with speed $$1.5 \times 10^8$$ m/s.
Find its refractive index.

51. Water has refractive index 1.33 and alcohol 1.36. Which is optically denser? Give
reason and draw a diagram. What is the refractive index of diamond with respect to
glass?

52. A 4.5 cm needle is placed 12 cm from a convex mirror of focal length 15 cm. Find
image location and magnification. What happens as the needle is moved farther?

53. State Snell’s law. Show, with diagram, how a ray of light emerges parallel after
refraction through a slab, but is shifted.

54. A student wants to project a candle image on screen 60 cm away using a mirror.
Type of mirror, magnification, object-to-image distance, diagram.

55. Discuss position and nature of image by a concave mirror as object moves from
infinity towards pole.

56. State the laws of refraction.

57. Define radius of curvature and focal length of a spherical mirror and show them on a
figure. Write the relation between them.

58. An object 5 cm high is placed 20 cm from a concave lens of focal length 10 cm. Find
position, nature, and size of image.

59. If a mirror always forms an erect and diminished image for all object positions, what
type of mirror is it? Draw a ray diagram and discuss use.

60. The nature, size, and position of image by a lens/mirror are shown. Identify the
mirror/lens X and draw the ray diagram.

61. Calculate object distance in front of a convex lens of focal length 10 cm to obtain a
virtual image double size. If image is real, find magnification expression.

62. One half of a convex lens is covered with black paper. Show image formation of an
object at twice the focal length, for both covered and uncovered cases. Discuss
differences.

63. What is meant by power of a lens? Write its SI unit. A student uses two lenses; state
their nature and power.
64. State the laws of refraction. Explain “absolute refractive index” and relate it to the
speed of light.

### FIVE MARKS AND APPLICATION QUESTIONS

65. An object of height 4.0 cm is placed 30 cm from a convex lens of focal length 20 cm.
Draw ray diagram, mark positions, calculate image size and size ratio.

66. Define real image. Name mirror types for real/virtual images. Use concave mirrors
as solar concentrators, explained with diagram.

67. Name the type of mirrors used in (a) solar furnace (b) vehicle side mirror. Draw ray
diagrams.

68. A converging lens forms (a) real magnified (b) virtual magnified image. Give object
positions and label diagrams. Effect of cutting lens into halves.

69. Define principal focus of a spherical mirror. When does a concave mirror form real,
inverted, diminished image? Draw ray diagram.

70. Define optical centre of a lens. Where to place object for real, inverted, enlarged
image with convex lens? Draw diagram. For concave lens, where to place object for
image at specified distance?

71. Under what condition does a concave mirror produce a virtual, magnified image?
Draw diagram. Where is real, magnified image produced?

72. Which lens is used as magnifying glass? Object position for (a) virtual, erect image
(b) real, inverted, same-size image. Draw diagrams.

73. Describe an activity to find focal length of concave mirror. What happens as object
moves away from concave mirror? Explain refraction through glass slab with diagram.