Condensed Biology Curriculum from Grade 9-12 Designed

for Grade 12 Attending Cluster-Centered Tutorial Program

Respiratory System and Circulatory System (MCQs)

CHOOSE THE BEST ANSWER FROM THE GIVEN ALTERNATIVES

1. Which organ is the main site of gas exchange in humans?

A. Alveoli C. Bronchi
B. Trachea D. Larynx
2. The trachea is supported by C-shaped cartilage rings. Why are these rings
incomplete?
A. To increase airflow speed
B. To prevent food from entering trachea
C. To allow trachea to expand during inhalation
D. To allow oesophagus to expand when swallowing food
3. Which statement correctly describes inhalation?
A. Diaphragm relaxes, chest cavity volume decreases, air enters lungs
B. Diaphragm relaxes, chest cavity volume increases, air enters lungs
C. Diaphragm contracts, chest cavity volume increases, air enters lungs
D. Diaphragm contracts, chest cavity volume decreases, air exits lungs
4. Pulling down the rubber sheet in an artificial lung model represents:
A. Inhalation C. Exhalation
B. Diffusion D. Gas exchange
5. Which process moves oxygen into blood and carbon dioxide out of blood?
A. Osmosis C. Active transport
B. Diffusion D. Filtration

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6. During exercise, breathing rate:
A. Decreases C. Remains constant
B. Increases D. Stops temporarily
7. Inhaled air contains approximately:
A. 21% O₂, 0.04% CO₂ C. 16% O₂, 4% CO₂ c
B. 10% O₂, 10% CO₂ D. 25% O₂, 2% CO₂
8. Which muscle controls breathing movements?
A. Heart C. Diaphragm
B. Trachea D. Larynx
9. Internal respiration refers to gas exchange between:
A. Lungs and blood C. Nose and trachea
B. Cells and mitochondria D. Blood and tissues
[Link] respiration produces:
A. ATP, CO₂, and water C. Oxygen only
B. Nitrogen and ATP D. Carbon monoxide
[Link] structure warms and moistens incoming air?
A. Alveoli C. Nose/nasal cavity
B. Trachea D. Bronchi
[Link] trachea splits into two tubes called:
A. Bronchioles C. Bronchi
B. Alveoli D. Capillaries
[Link] structure prevents food from entering the trachea?
A. Diaphragm C. Epiglottis
B. Larynx D. Cartilage rings
[Link] alveoli provide a large surface area mainly for:
A. Sound production C. Gas exchange
B. Food digestion D. Blood circulation
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[Link] statement is true about exhalation?
A. Diaphragm contracts, chest expands
B. Diaphragm relaxes, chest contracts
C. Chest volume increases, pressure decreases
D. Air enters lungs
[Link] gas remains unchanged in percentage between inhaled and exhaled
air?
A. Oxygen C. Carbon dioxide
B. Nitrogen D. Water vapour
[Link] structure is known as the “voice box”?
A. Trachea C. Larynx
B. Bronchi D. Diaphragm
[Link] factor increases breathing rate at high altitude?
A. Higher oxygen concentration
B. Lower oxygen concentration
C. Higher nitrogen concentration
D. Lower carbon dioxide concentration
[Link] process occurs inside mitochondria of cells?
A. External respiration C. Internal respiration
B. Cellular respiration D. Pulmonary circulation
[Link] structure connects the throat to the lungs?
A. Bronchioles C. Trachea
B. Alveoli D. Diaphragm
[Link] circulatory system consists of:
A. Heart, lungs, kidneys C. Heart, blood vessels, blood
B. Brain, nerves, muscles D. Arteries, veins, capillaries only

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[Link] side of the heart pumps oxygenated blood to the body?
A. Right atrium C. Right ventricle
B. Left atrium D. Left ventricle
[Link] is the left ventricle wall thicker than the right?
A. Pumps blood only to lungs C. Stores oxygen
B. Pumps blood to whole body at high pressure D. Filters blood
[Link] of the left ventricle forces blood into:
A. Aorta C. Pulmonary artery
B. Vena cava D. Coronary vein
[Link] blood vessel has valves to prevent backflow?
A. Veins C. Arteries
B. Capillaries D. Coronary arteries
26. Pulmonary circulation carries blood:
A. Heart → body → heart C. Heart → lungs → heart
B. Lungs → tissues → lungs D. Heart → kidneys → heart
27. The respiratory system includes structures such as nose, trachea, bronchi,
alveoli, and diaphragm, each with specific functions. Which of the following
is correctly matched?

A. Diaphragm – controls breathing movements

B. Bronchioles – transport blood
C. Trachea – gas exchange
D. Alveoli – air conduction

[Link] circulation carries blood:

A. Heart → lungs → heart C. Heart → body → heart
B. Lungs → heart → lungs D. Heart → brain only

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29. Oxygen is transported in blood mainly by:
A. Plasma proteins C. Hemoglobin in red blood cells
B. White blood cells D. Platelets
30. A person with blood group O can donate to:
A. O only C. A and B only
B. AB only D. All blood groups
31. A person with blood group AB can receive blood from:
A. A, B, AB, O C. AB only
B. O only D. A and B only
32. Which blood vessel carries oxygenated blood from lungs to heart?
A. Pulmonary vein C. Pulmonary artery
B. Vena cava D. Aorta
33. Compared to inhaled air, what are the approximate percentages of nitrogen,
oxygen, and carbon dioxide gases in exhaled air, respectively?
A. 78% N₂, 21% O₂, 0.03% CO₂ C. 80% N₂, 10% O₂, 10% CO₂
B. 70% N₂, 25% O₂, 5% CO₂ D. 78% N₂, 16% O₂, 4% CO₂

[Link] chamber of the heart receives deoxygenated blood from the body?
A. Left atrium C. Right atrium
B. Left ventricle D. Right ventricle
35. Which chamber pumps deoxygenated blood to the lungs?
A. Left atrium C. Right atrium
B. Left ventricle D. Right ventricle
36. Which chamber pumps oxygenated blood to the body?
A. Left atrium C. Right atrium
B. Left ventricle D. Right ventricle

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[Link] valves prevent backflow between atria and ventricles?
A. Semilunar valves C. Tricuspid and bicuspid valves
B. Coronary valves D. Pulmonary valves
38. Which blood vessel has the thickest walls to withstand high pressure?
A. Veins C. Arteries
B. Capillaries D. Pulmonary veins
39. A patient’s blood test shows no antigens on red blood cells. What is her
blood group?
A. A C. B
B. AB D. O
40. In emphysema caused by smoking, alveolar walls are damaged, reducing
surface area for gas exchange. Which structural change explains this?
A. Thickening of alveolar walls C. Enlargement of bronchioles
B. Increased elasticity of lungs D. Destruction of alveolar walls
41. A patient’s vein valves are damaged. What problem might occur?
A. Backflow of blood C. Increased blood pressure
B. Faster oxygen transport D. Blockage of arteries
42. Which protein in red blood cells binds oxygen for transport?
A. Albumin C. Hemoglobin
B. Fibrinogen D. Myosin
43. In a classroom experiment, a model of artificial lungs is used with balloons
and a rubber sheet at the bottom. When the rubber sheet is pulled downward,
the balloons inflate. This action represents which step of the actual breathing
process?
A. Exhalation C. Inhalation
B. Gas exchange D. Transport of gases

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44. In the lungs, oxygen moves from alveoli into blood capillaries while carbon
dioxide moves from blood into alveoli. This exchange happens in opposite
directions at the same time. What causes this opposite movement of gases?
A. Active transport C. Osmosis
B. Diffusion along concentration gradients D. Enzymatic action
45. A student measures breathing before and after running. After exercise,
breathing becomes faster and deeper compared to rest. Which statement
explains this change?
A. Breathing decreases due to relaxation
B. Breathing increases to meet oxygen demand and remove CO₂
C. Breathing stays constant
D. Breathing stops temporarily
[Link] the diaphragm is paralyzed due to nerve injury, the main muscle for
inspiration cannot contract. What immediate effect occurs?
A. Gas exchange stops C. Ventilation of lungs is impaired
B. Oxygen uptake increases D. Nitrogen decreases in blood

[Link] high altitude, oxygen partial pressure is lower, and climbers often
experience shortness of breath. Which adaptation occurs in the respiratory
system?
A. Breathing rate decreases
B. Breathing rate and depth increase
C. Hemoglobin concentration decreases
D. Diffusion capacity reduces
[Link] blood vessel carries deoxygenated blood from body to heart?
A. Pulmonary vein C. Aorta
B. Vena cava D. Coronary artery

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[Link] an asthma attack, the smooth muscles of the bronchioles contract,
narrowing the airways. This makes it difficult for air to flow into and out of
the lungs, causing wheezing and shortness of breath. Which consequence
occurs during an asthma attack?
A. Increased airflow into alveoli
B. Increased oxygen diffusion into blood
C. Increased carbon dioxide removal
D. Decreased airflow and difficulty in breathing
50. After entering the blood, oxygen must be carried to tissues. How is most
oxygen transported?
A. Bound to hemoglobin C. Dissolved in plasma
B. As bicarbonate ions D. Bound to white blood cells

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