NATIONAL TRANSMISSION AND DESPATCH COMPANY

Training Plan for Electrician – I Page 1 of 16

Technical Service Group – TSG NTDC
 Safety
1.1 WAPDA SAFETY POLICY:-

No operating conditions or urgency of work can ever justify endangering the life
of any one.
The safety policy of WAPDA is designed to achieve the following objective.
1. To provide safe working condition, proper T&P and protective devices (PPE).
2. To train employee in practice for the safe conduct of their work.
3. To implement the safety measure.

1.1 SAFETY PRINCIPLE:-

There are five Principle of safety.

1. Know and identify the hazards.
2. Remove the hazard as much possible.
3. Control the hazard when they cannot be eliminated.
4. Minimize the injury during the hazard.
5. Minimize the intensity of hazard.

1.2 SAFE WAYS ARE THE BEST WAYS

The following points should be remembered and observed at all times:

1. Consider everything unsafe /energized unless it is confirmed safe.
2. Keep all floors, ladder, clean and free of grease/ oil to avoid slipping / falling.
3. Do not wear loose clothing when working around rotating machines.
4. Carry ladders, tools and materials below waist level when working in switch yard.
5. Keep gasoline in safety Cane painted red.
6. Never use gasoline for cleaning. Always use proper solvent for cleaning.
7. Practice good housekeeping habits.
8. Get help when lifting heavy objects.
9. Wear goggles when chipping, drilling and using grinder etc.
[Link] the location of firefighting equipment, and the purpose of each type of
extinguisher.
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Technical Service Group - TSG (North) NTDC
1.3 Unsafe Act and unsafe Condition (Personal safety and equipment safety)

Unsafe condition

 Improper guarding
 Defective material or equipment
 Hazardous arrangements
 Hazardous weather
 Hazardous place of work
 Insufficient lighting
 Improper ventilation
 Unsafe clothing
 Unsafe design and construction

Unsafe acts

 Operating without authority or warning

 Working without P.T.W when necessary
 Operating and working at unsafe speed
 Making safety devices in-operative
 Use of unsafe equipment or improper use of equipment
 Unsafe loading
 Placing or leaving objects
 Taking unsafe position or posture
 Working on equipment without taking proper precautions
 Non-vigilant and un-attentive behaviour
 Distracting, teasing or startling.
 Failure to use safe clothing or protective equipment

1.5 Touch Potential

In case of ground fault the potential experienced by a person standing on

earth or ungrounded mat while touching the tower is called “Touch Potential”.

1.6 Step Potential

In case of ground fault, the potential experienced by a person between his feet when
taking step in the ground fault vicinity is called “Step Potential.”

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Technical Service Group - TSG (North) NTDC
1.7 Bonding
By bonding we mean to connect all the metallic parts in the work area to station grounds
in order to maintain them at same potential i.e. ground potential so that there is no
danger of appearing of potential difference within the reach of worker feet or hands in
case of fault / inductions etc. Hence we can say that bonding saves the worker.

PTGs provide bonding.

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Technical Service Group - TSG (North) NTDC
1.8 Effects Of Current On Human Body According To Its Magnitude

Current Level Magnitude Effect

Upto 1 mA No sensation
Low Currents 1 to 8 mA Sensation of shock
8 to 15 mA Painful shock
15 to 20 mA Loss of muscular control
Medium current 20 to 50 mA Severe muscular contraction
50 to 100 mA Probable heart failure
High currents 100 to 200 mA Heart failure certain
Above 200 Ma Severe burns and muscular
contraction
1.9 Portable Temporary Groundings (PTG)

The device that provides the easiest path to the electrostatic and electromagnetic
charges toward the ground temporary is called portable temporary ground.

Purposes or Advantages of PTGs

A. Isolation. electrical of proof positive are PTGs
B. PTGs drain electrostatic and electromagnetic induced potentials.
C. PTGs guard against the accidental energization of circuit.
D. PTGs provide bonding
Parts of PTG

(i) Ground clump (ii) Fiber rod (iii) Cable (iv) Over head clump or upper clump

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Technical Service Group - TSG (North) NTDC
Important points when applying PTGs

a) Approved sticks must be used when applying / removing PTGs.

b) In the wet weather rubber gloves must be worn when applying grounds and
grounding stick must be held away form the body.
c) Grounding cable must be in good condition and of proper size.
d) When applying PTGs first apply ground at ground end and then at line end. When
removing PTGs first remove from line end and then from ground end. Ground
connection at ground end must be tight.
e) Eye protection must be worn when applying / removing PTGs.
f) Line must be teased before applying PTGs. The hearing of buzzing sound when
metallic head of grounding stick is brought near a live circuit is called line teasing.
g) When applying ground on a line, if line is found energized then ground must be
applied so that ground fault relay trips the circuit. If in this case ground is removed,
heavy arc will be established causing power arc hazard.
h) Ground clamps must be in good condition and proper size.
i) If the weight of ground cable is too much then two person should do the job.
j) PTGs must be applied to all three phases even if work is only on one phase due to
the following reasons.
Worker may forget that the other phases are not grounded. The other phases may have
induced voltages and when he will approach the other phases or comes in contact with
other phases accidentally, he will be subjected to electric hazard. 3-phase tripping is
faster than 1-phase tripping so fault will be cleared soon if all the 3-phases are grounded.

1.10 ABSOLUTE LIMITS OF APPROACH:-

Distance from Live Line Portion

Sr. Name of For Un-

For Trained
No T/Line Trained
01 11 KV 01 Feet 03 Feet
02 33 KV 1.5 Feet 04 Feet
03 66-132 KV 03 Feet 08 Feet
04 220 KV 04 Feet 10 Feet
05 500 KV 09 Feet 15 Feet

1.11 USE OF PPE

1. Suitable personal protective clothing and equipment shell be used whenever it
provides greater safety.

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Technical Service Group - TSG (North) NTDC
 2. Approved and suitable eye protection shall always be worn whenever there is
danger of exposing the eyes to flying particles, acids, harmful light rays, or any
other condition.
3. Goggles and other protective eye wear shell be approved by WAPDA.
4. Approved protective headgear shall be worn at all the time when work is in
progress.
5. Electrically proved tools must be used during electric works. (Proper insolated
Tools i.e screw driver, plier, Nose plier etc).
6. Whenever protective clothing is not specifically required, employees, personal
clothing shall confirm to accepted standard of safety. Sandals and Shalwar
Kamiz shell not be acceptable clothing for work.

Clothing And Personal Protective Equipment (PPE)

Clothing should fit snugly to avoid danger of becoming entangled in moving machinery
or creating a tripping or stumbling hazard. Clothing should fit snugly to avoid danger of
becoming entangled in moving machinery or creating a tripping or stumbling hazard.

Recommended safe work clothes include:

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Technical Service Group - TSG (North) NTDC
1. Thick-soled work shoes for protection against sharp objects such as nails. Wear
work with safety toes if the job required. Make sure the soles are oil resistant if the
shoes are subject to oil and grease.
2. Rubber boots for damp locations
3. A hat or cap. Wear an approved safety helmet (hard hat) if the job requires

Do not wear Tie, confine long hair or keep hair trimmed and avoid placing the head in
close proximity to rotating machinery. Do not wear jewelry. Gold and silver are excellent
conductors of electricity.

1.12 PERMIT TO WORK (P.T.W)

OBJECTIVE

You will arrange shutdown of power equipment at a grid station for maintenance
purpose. After getting approval of shutdown from the competent authority, you will
get/cancel Permit to Work (PTW) and you will use the recommended work protections
to perform maintenance work safely by observing the procedure given and the
applicable safety rules.

PTW introduction

As per WAPDA/NTDCL/DISCOs rules, any type of schedule/non-scheduled

maintenance work on any power equipment at a grid station must be arranged by an
authorized person. Before starting work, the authorized person will get approval for shut
down of the equipment from the competent authority. Then after approval of the
competent authority, the authorized person himself or the other authorized person will
obtain Permit to Work (PTW) from the shift engineer/shift in charge. After having PTW
and following the instructions given therein the PTW, he will start the work and cancel
PTW after completion of the work. A properly issued PTW and instructions therein
implemented provide sufficient work protection. Severe and fatal accidents result by
ignoring minute activities in this process.

Description of PTW

PTW is a legal document of WAPDA/PEPCO, which is issued in the name of an

authorized person to perform maintenance work on power equipment. A PTW has
two copies double side printed red & white (Reference copy attached). When
issued one copy is left in the PTW book as office copy and the second is handed
over to the person in whose name it is issued and the same he will return to the
issuing authority after doing the work or when he wishes. Station operator cannot
make any switching operation on the equipment, which is under PTW until he does
receive back the PTW duly signed by the person in whose name it was issued.

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Technical Service Group - TSG (North) NTDC
How to Apply for Shutdown

The applicant must be an authorized person (XEN/DM, AE/AM, FM / AFM). For

scheduled work, apply a written request at least 72hours before the date/time of the
requisite work to be done. For non-scheduled/emergency work there is no restriction of
pre-apply time. The application/written request must contain the following information
(refer to single line key diagram of the grid station):

 Equipment nomenclature in the application (voltage level, control number, controlled

equipment).
 Equipment location (name of grid station).
 Nature of maintenance work (routine, special, major or minor maintenance).
 Dates and timings for work.

Hereunder is given a specimen of the application/written request for arranging shutdown

of the equipment.

From: Senior Engineer/Dy. Manager

220 KV G/S NTDCL, NKLP, Lahore

To: NPCC/RCC
Islamabad

Subject: SHUT DOWN

A shut down is required on 132 KV Circuit Breaker' KLP-4 controlling KLP-Saidpur

circuit at New Kot Lakhpat Grid Station for the purpose of major overhauling of the
circuit breaker. This shut down is required on dated _________ from _____ hours
to ______ hours.

Please approve the shut down and inform this office accordingly.

Signature
Copy to all concerned.

The shutdown has been approved and you have been informed, now get PTW and
start work.

Procedure for Issuance of PTW

The following steps should be followed for getting PTW:-

1. Ask the shift engineer or shift in charge station operator to issue a PTW on the
concerned equipment in your name.
2. Station operator after his satisfaction will isolate the equipment to be going
under PTW through local or remote switching operations
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3. If applicable he will provide PTGs on the equipment or will ask you to provide
PTGs before starting work.
4. He will write the nomenclature of the equipment on which it is safe to work on
front page of the PTW (upper column).
5. He will also write (lower column) where and on which points he has installed
PTGs or ask you to do the same.
6. He will put his signature at the specific space and ask you to receive your copy
of PTW.
7. You must read the entries made by station operator in his portion (front page of
PTW) and verify that equipment nomenclature, isolation points and matter of the
PTGs are clear and correct. (Referred to the grid station single line key
diagram).
8. Then write your name, designation, date, time in front column of backside of the
PTW, put your signature and receive your copy.
9. Ask the station operator to put caution notice (reference copy attached) duly
filled and signed by him, on the control switch of equipment mentioned in PTW.

CAUTION NOTICE

Caution notice is also a legal document of WAPDA/PEPCO which is to be put on

controlling switch-gears, switching in those the equipment under PTW can become live.

CAUTION TAG

Caution tag is also a type of caution notice but it has no legal value. This can be in any
form of a warning sign to be put on the auxiliary supply control switches. In our system
isolation switches on auxiliary supplies (AC, DC, PT supply, etc.) are not provided
normally in the equipment local control cubical but in control room building, so in case
the isolation of these supplies is required ask the operator also to put caution tags on
these switches.
1. Now go at equipment site, have a walk around from ground level and check isolation
points carefully and verify that these are as mentioned in PTW, otherwise have them
corrected by the issuing authority.
2. After having your complete satisfaction of isolation and of your crew, install PTGs at
the desired points,
3. Put barrier around the work area and caution tags at the requisite locations. Barrier
may be a physical one or warning signs.
4. Perform the maintenance work.

Return PTW after doing the Job

1. After completion of the maintenance work wind up your T&P and local safety
precautions (barriers, caution tags etc.)
2. Remove PTGs.
3. Tell your crew to stay clear of the equipment because now it is no more safe to
work on.
4. Go to Control Room and fill up second column (clearance certificate) of
backside of PTW. Now the equipment, which was under PTW, is ready from
your side for putting in service.
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Technical Service Group - TSG (North) NTDC
Cancellation of PTW

 Now the station operator after his satisfaction will cancel the PTW by making
entries in third column.
 Station operator will remove caution notices after getting your signature therein
and making other- entries in caution notices.

PTW (Permit to Work) Specimen

NATIONAL TRANSMISSION AND DESPATCH COMPANY LTD

PERMIT-TO-WORK

It is safe to work on the following apparatus which is dead, isolated from all live
conductors, and is earthed. All other parts are dangerous.
State below exactly the apparatus on which it is safe to work:
1. ____________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________
2. ____________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________
3. ____________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________
State below exactly at what point (s) the apparatus is connected to earth:
1._____________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________
2._____________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________
3._____________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________
Signature: ___________________Designation: _______________________
Date ________________________Time ________________________(Hrs)

PTO

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Technical Service Group - TSG (North) NTDC
(Back side of PTW Form)

RECEIPT OF CLEARANCE

This form after being signed for the work to proceed must be retained by the
authorized person in charge of the work until the work is suspended or completed.
I hereby declare that I am the authorized person in charge of work, for which the
apparatus mentioned hereon has been made dead.

Signature_______________ Designation __________________________

Date ____________________ Time _________________Hrs)-
______________________________________________________________

RETURN OF CLEARANCE

The apparatus mentioned hereon must not be again made live until this Form has
been signed and returned by the authorized person in charge of the work. In case
where more than one Permit-to-Work has been issued for the same apparatus, it
must not be again made live until all forms have been signed and returned by all
the authorized persons in charge of the work.

I hereby declare that all men under my charge have been withdrawn and warned
that it is no longer safe to work on the apparatus specified in this Form, and that
gear, tools, temporary earth connections are all clear, leaving that portion of the
apparatus upon which my men have been working ready for placing into
commission.

Signature______________ Designation __________________________

Authorized person in charge of the work
Date _____________________ Time _______________________(Hrs)
______________________________________________________________
CANCELLATION OF CLEARANCE.

I hereby declare this Form cancelled

Signature__________________ Designation ________________________

Date ________________________ Time _______________________(Hrs)
Note:
This Form, duly completed, must be kept for record by the RE/AE/AM according
to instructions.

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Technical Service Group - TSG (North) NTDC
Caution Notice Specimen

NATIONAL TRANSMISSION AND DESPATCH CO LTD

CAUTION
MEN WORKING ON THIS APPARATUS
TO MAKE IT LIVE WILL KILL THEM

No: ___________
Aerial Line ___________________________________________________

Electrical Apparatus ____________________________________________

Working party in charge ____________________designation ____________

(name)
This Caution Notice placed on controlling switchgear at ________________
(time)
on ________________
(date)

Signed by Shift In charge

Work being done _______________________________________________

This Caution Notice removed from the controlling switchgear in the presence of
_______
______________________________________________________________
(name)
In charge of the, working party at _____________________ on __________
(time) (date)
Signed by In charge working party

Designation _____________________

Signed by Shift In charge

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Technical Service Group - TSG (North) NTDC
1.13 FIRST AID
The immediate care of injured / sick person before reaching / attend the
hospital is called First Aid.

PRINCIPLE OF FIRST AID:-

There are three principle of first Aid. Which are known as 3P’s.
1. Preserve the life.
2. Permote quick recovery.
3. Prevent further agravent of Injury.

SCOPE OF FIRST AID:-

There are four scope of first aid known as 4D’s.
1. Diagnose
2. Decision
3. Do it
4. Dispose of Causality

DIAGNOSE:-
Find out what is reason of Accident / Causality.

DECISION:-
On extent of treatment remove cause.

DO IT:-
Take decision according to situation and do it quickly.

DISPOSE OF CAUSALITY:-
Patient send to doctor, Hospital or Home according to situation.

PERIORITY OF TREATMENT:-
There are three priority of treatment known as (3Bs)
1. Breathing
2. Bleeding control
3. Burns

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BREATHING:-
Apply artificial respiration as soon as possible.

BLEEDING CONTROL:-
Control bleeding from injury as soon as possible. Apply dressing to control or stop
bleeding.

BURNS:-
Apply dry dressing and transport to medical aid as soon as possible to prevent or
loosen shock.

ARTIFICIAL RESIPRATION:-
There are two method of artificial respiration.
1) Direct Method 2) In Direct Method

DIRECT METHOD:-
1. If breathing is noisy or absent then call out for help.
2. Open the air ways.
3. Re access breathing, look, listen and free for breathing.
4. Start artificial breathing.

INDIRECT METHOD:-

1. Laid down on front side position press with hand to chest

2. Laid down on back side and press with hand to back.
3. Check pulse with in one minute.
4. If not recovered then immediately shift to hospital.

CAUSE OF DEATH:-
Three things can cause of death.
1. Lack of Air
2. Heart stop
3. Failing of nerves system.

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Technical Service Group - TSG (North) NTDC
CHANCE OF RECOVERY WHEN BREATHIN HAS STOPPED:-
After 01 Minute 95%
After 03 Minute 50%
Around 05 Minute 05%
After 05 Minute Brain can damage
After 10-12 Minute Irreparable damage or Death sure

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Technical Service Group - TSG (North) NTDC