CRANE

&
RIGGING

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Types of Cranes

• Mobile
• Hydraulic
• Overhead
• Tower

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 Crane Hazards
• Working too close to
• Improper load rating
power lines
• Excessive speeds • Improper exhaust
• No hand signals system
• Inadequate inspection • Shattered windows
and maintenance • No steps/guardrails
• Unguarded parts walkways
• Unguarded swing • No boom angle
radius indicator
• Not using outriggers
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Major Causes of Crane Accidents

• Contact with power lines

• Overturns
• Falls
• Mechanical failures

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How Do Accidents Occur?

• Instability – unsecured load, load capacity

exceeded, or ground not level or too soft
• Lack of communication - the point of operation is a
distance from the crane operator or not in full view
of the operator
• Lack of training
• Inadequate maintenance or inspection

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Who are at Risk

• Operators

• Persons at
Crane Site

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 CRANE SET-UP
Check that the
1. The ground is level.
NO! WHEELS ARE CARRYING LOAD
2. The ground will support the crane.
3. The crane area is clear of obstacles.
4. There are no under ground services
in crane area.
NO! NO!
ALLALL BEAMS
BEAMS TO BE
MUST BEFULLY
FULLYEXTENDED
EXTEDED 5. There is sufficient room to operate
the crane.
6. The crane can work within its safely
working load.

YES
7. You have the correct size crane mats.
YES
PROPER OUTRIGGER SETUP 8. The crane is set-up level.
CORRECT OUTRIGGER SET-UP

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 Competent Person
 The competent person
must inspect all
machinery and equipment
prior to each use, and
during use, to make sure
it is in safe operating Broken
condition. Track

 If it needs fixing, take it

out of service and don’t
use it until it is fixed.

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 Load Capacity - Speed - Warnings
• Make sure the crane
operator can see the:
• Rated Load Capacities
• Operating Speeds
• Special Hazard Warning or
Instruction

Load Rating Chart

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Load Limiting Factors
• Not level
• Wind
• Side loads
• On its wheels
• Lifting over the side
• Use of extensions, jibs and other attachments
• Limits of wire rope, slings and lifting devices

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Mobile Cranes – Lifting Principles
• Center of Gravity
• Leverage
• Stability
• Structural Integrity

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 Improper Load

Improper loads or speeds can result

in the tipping of the crane
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Improper Load

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Improper Load

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 Power Lines

Stay clear from

power lines at
least 10 feet

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 Hand Signals

An illustration
of the signals
must be
posted at the
job site

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 Guard Moving Parts

Unguarded
Chain Drive

Guard
moving
parts such
as gears or
belts

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 Swing Radius
Stay out of
the swing
radius of the
crane – Make
sure there
are barrier
guards
showing
swing radius

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 Operator Visibility
Make sure
Broken Window
broken
windows or
other
obstructions
do not
prevent the
operator from
seeing

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 Ladders
Use ladders
to get to the
upper
portion of
the cab

Ladder

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 Guardrails
Runways
and steps
need to
have
guardrails,
handholds
and slip
resistant
surfaces

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 Suspended Loads

Don’t stand
under
suspended
loads

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 Boom Angle Indicator

A boom
angle
indicator
must be
on the
crane

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 Supporting Surface
Cranes must
be on a firm
supporting
surface and
level

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 Sheaves
The
grooves
must be
smooth and
free from
surface
defects
which could
cause rope
damage

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 Rigging Equipment Slings
Types of slings include alloy steel chain, wire rope,
metal mesh, natural or synthetic fiber rope, and
synthetic web.

Chain Wire rope Metal mesh Synthetic

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 Annual Inspections
Inspection of the hoisting
machinery must be made by a
competent person
The employer must maintain
a record of these inspections

Crane wasn’t inspected

and tipped over

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What to Inspect
• Correct air pressure and no leaks
• Tires properly inflated
• Clearance for tail swing
• Wire rope wear
• Physical damage to crane
• Loose or missing hardware, nuts, or bolts
• Fluid leaks

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 Remove From Service
Immediately
remove
damaged or
defective
slings from
service

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 Damaged wire rope

Crushed Rope

Broken Strands

Damaged wire rope must be taken out of service

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Worn Part

Nasser S Al-Hajri Corporation 32

 Tire Inspections
Conduct regular
inspections
of tires for
excessive wear
or damage

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Training
• Operators:
• must qualify on specific crane type
• Must include on-the-job training
• Supervisor / competent person

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 Summary
 An unstable load, lack of communication, lack of
training, and inadequate maintenance or inspection
are major contributors to crane accidents.
 Operators or others working in the area can be victims
to “struck by" and "caught in" injuries.
 Contact with power lines causes many accidents.
 A competent person must inspect a crane regularly to
insure it is in proper order.
 Planning and training reduces accidents.

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 Personal and Work Safety Practices

Safe manual lifting

Improper manual lifting can result in
a variety of occupational injuries, i.e.
musculoskeletal injuries, cumulative
trauma disorders (CTD’s) hernia, and
most common – back injuries which
can even lead to a permanent partial
or total disability. Avoidance of these
expensive and most often debilitating
injuries requires maximum awareness
on proper body mechanics and correct
lifting techniques.
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 Personal and Work Safety Practices
Safe manual lifting

Basic points in proper lift:

Firm grip
Back straight
Arms & load close to the body
Feet apart
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 Personal and Work Safety Practices
Safe manual lifting

Two – Man Carry Two – Man Pole Lift

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 Personal and Work Safety Practices

Keep all parts of your body

out from the load
Keep an eye on the load

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Keep the load low & slow
Personal and Work Safety Practices

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Personal and Work Safety Practices

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Personal and Work Safety Practices

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Personal and Work Safety Practices

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 Personal and Work Safety Practices
Pay attention to the boom sections . . they should be kept
EQUAL. Unequal boom give NO structural stability.

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 Personal and Work Safety Practices
Pay attention to the remaining rope between the hoist block
and boom tip, while raising the load. . . Prevent two-blocking !

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 Personal and Work Safety Practices
When visibility is Poor. .

NO Lifting! No
Crane Work!

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 Personal and Work Safety Practices

Position in full
Rigger
view of the
operator!

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 Personal and Work Safety Practices

Never take chance,

know and observe
Absolute Limit of
Approach!

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 Power Line Absolute Limit of Approach
Use signalman near power line!

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Personal and Work Safety Practices

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Personal and Work Safety Practices

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Rigging equipment

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Rigging equipment

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Rigging equipment

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Rigging equipments

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Rigging equipments

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Rigging equipment

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