PROBLEM STATEMENT
A key determinant of an organization's long-term viability and market performance is its
firm value. Although international research indicates that business value is greatly
influenced by profitability, liquidity, leverage, and firm growth, the effects of these elements
differ between industries and regions, underscoring the significance of contextual factors.
These associations may be moderated by dividend policy, which is recognized for indicating
financial stability and lowering agency conflicts; however, its impact in developing nations
like Pakistan is still poorly understood. The majority of research based on PSX has focused
on the direct impact of dividend policy on performance rather than how it influences
market-based valuation metrics like Price-to-Book Value (PBV) and Tobin's Q.
Understanding how dividend decisions interact with important financial factors to shape
business value is limited by this gap. In order to guide managers, investors, and legislators,
this issue must be addressed.