Basic Protection Course

Environmental

PARTICIPANT MANUAL OF THE COURSE

ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION

INDEX

GENERAL OBJECTIVE
SPECIFIC OBJECTIVES

INTRODUCTION

UNIT 1. BASIC CONCEPTS ABOUT ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION

1.1. Introducción
1.2. Constituents of the Environment
1.3. Concepts of Ecology
1.4. Natural Resources
1.5. The Concept of Pollution

UNIT 2. ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT

2.1. Introduction
2.2. Environmental management systems

UNIT 3. ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT SUBSYSTEM

3.1. Introducción
3.2. Description of the Subsystem

UNIT 4. LEGAL PROTECTION OF THE ENVIRONMENT

4.1. What does legal protection of the environment mean?
4.2. What are the Mexican Official Standards?

UNIT 5. PEP PROVISIONS

5.1. Introducción
5.2. Requirements of Annex 'SSPA'
5.3. Waste Management
5.4. Classification and handling of hazardous waste

GENERAL CONCLUSION
BIBLIOGRAPHY
GENERAL OBJECTIVE

The participant will understand environmental protection aspects that must be complied with when
develop activities at the PEP oil facilities in order to prevent incidents and
accidents and enhance their culture in SSPA (Safety, Health at Work and Protection
Environmental).

SPECIFIC OBJECTIVES

The participant will understand basic aspects of environmental protection related to

with the oil industry in order to prevent incidents and accidents.

The participant will understand the environmental management system and its application in companies.

3. The participant will understand the general requirements that must be met in
environmental protection subject.

4. The participant will learn about the legislative aspect related to environmental protection.

INTRODUCTION

The oil industry operates in an environment characterized by constant, rapid, and complex changes.
changes in the economic, technological, social, and cultural order, which render obsolete
the responses of the past to the current problems related to excellence and to
high performance standards that the personnel in Security, Health must have
Labor and Environmental Protection (SSPA).

The worker is part of the business system and is susceptible to the changes that in
these are generated.

For this reason, it is necessary to develop the potential of the professionals who perform tasks.
of supervision in the areas of industrial safety, production, maintenance, logistics and
human resources, providing them with opportunities for cultural growth in the Systems of
Quality Management and Management Systems for Safety, Health in the
Work and Environmental Protection.

UNIT 1. BASIC CONCEPTS ABOUT ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION

1.1. Introducción

Human beings have been modifying the environment for very remote times for the purpose
to obtain their satisfaction in food and housing. It went from being just another element of
environment, becoming the most important environmental disruption factor, which is more
notorious when it starts to make unplanned exploitation of natural resources, to
through agriculture and livestock farming.

This situation later led him to gather in specific places, reaching

levels of organization increasingly complex, until reaching the formation of large
cities.

In the transition between the activities of collection and extensive management of resources
natural, significant conflicts emerged between human objectives and the
natural cycles, causing damage to ecosystems, in addition to a poor use of the
natural resources.

With the intensive consumption of natural resources and the drive for progress of societies
modern times, it was considered that natural resources constituted an infinite source of
matter and energy. Such a concept is related to technological development, with which the
humanity is drifting further away from the natural environment, having consequences
lamentable.

The environmental crisis that afflicts us has as its main causes the factors that arise
they are presented in the following scheme.

Factors that cause the deterioration of planet Earth.

1.2. Constituents of the Environment

To understand how the environment is constituted, it is necessary to make a description.

From our planet Earth, the components of the environment, up to the level of organization of
an individual or the worker.

1.2.1. The Planet Earth

The planet Earth is the place where we live, so it should start with its description in order to
understanding the damage that human beings are causing in each of their
components: water, air, and soil., of course with their repercussions on flora and fauna.

But, how is the Earth constituted?

The Earth is divided into 4 layers called geospheres, which are related to each other.
in a harmonious and articulated manner.

These four layers that make up the Earth are:

1. Hydrosphere consists of water.

2. Atmosphere consists of air.

3. Lithosphere, it is the soil.

Biosphere, part of the Earth where life or living beings develop.

There is an interrelationship between the geospheres, which is particularly seen in the cycles of:

1. Water (H2O).
2. Nitrogen (N).
3. Phosphorus (P).
4. Oxygen (O2).
5. Carbon (C).

For example, the CO2 found in the atmosphere is absorbed by terrestrial plants or
phytoplankton, which are part of the biosphere, to later pass into the soil as organic matter
or to the water (rivers, lakes, and ocean), which is the lithosphere and hydrosphere. In this way,
contaminants interact with more than one geosphere.
Water

Water is found in oceans, in the form of ice, lakes, groundwater, and in the
atmospheric and soil humidity. The distribution of water is shown in Table 1.

Atmosphere

The atmosphere, which protects the Earth from excessive ultraviolet radiation and allows the
the existence of life is a gaseous mixture of nitrogen, oxygen, hydrogen, carbon dioxide
carbon, water vapor, other elements and compounds, and dust particles. Heated by
the Sun and the radiant energy of the Earth, the atmosphere circulates around the planet and modifies the
thermal differences. The percentage of each gas is shown in Table 1.

Soil

The soil is the thin layer of matter that supports terrestrial life. It is the product of
interaction of climate and the rocky substrate or mother rock. 29% of the Earth's surface is
land, distributed across the seven continents, and 71% water formed by the five oceans,
lakes, rivers, groundwater, etc.

Living beings

Living organisms, including humans, depend on these three components.

Plants use water, carbon dioxide, and sunlight to convert materials
carbohydrates through photosynthesis; animal life, in turn, depends on the
plants in a sequence of interconnected links known as a trophic network.

Table 1. Elements of the atmosphere and distribution of water in the hydrosphere.

Atmósfera (aire) Hidrosfera (agua)

Elemento Porcentaje Sitio Porcentaje
Nitrogen
78.1% Oceans 97%
Molecular oxygen
20.9% Ice 2%
Argon, carbon dioxide
Methane, hydrogen
More traces of other gases such as carbon dioxide and water vapor
1% Rivers
Lagos
Groundwater
Atmospheric humidity 1%

1.2.2. Levels of Organization

It should be remembered that humans are the only rational living beings that can change or
modify their actions for the benefit or detriment of planet Earth and its environment, being
It is necessary to understand the role we are playing from the position of our work (at the level
individual), up to the planet as a whole (on a global level). Hence the importance of establishing
and knowing the level of organization of the worker or individual.

For example, any pollutant that is thrown or introduced into the atmosphere or the ocean in
the complex or installation will first affect the air or water of the place where it is emitted
contaminant, then to the nearby ecosystems, then it will pass to the Campeche sound,
Gulf of Mexico, and so on until it is distributed all over the planet.

The impact is transmitted by level until reaching the peak, in this case the planet, no
However, there will be consequences and effects, and we are hearing them daily.
as:

a) The increase in the planet's temperature.

b) The increase in the concentration of greenhouse gases.
c) The deterioration of the ozone layer.
d) Acid rain.
e) Climate changes.
f) The loss of biodiversity.

As can be seen, these changes occur globally, that is, all over the planet.
Earth, which is "the habitat or the main house of all living beings, including humans."

1.2.3. Components of the Environment

How is the Environment defined?

The environment is the set of natural and artificial elements or those induced by man that
make possible the existence and development of human beings and other living organisms that
interact in a specific time and place.

The environment can be divided into three types:

Some of its elements are:

a) Physical environment:
Physical Geography
Geology
• Climate
Light and solar radiation
Contamination
b) Biological environment:
Flora
Fauna
Water
Air
Soil
Human population
c) Socioeconomic environment:
Urbanization or urban environment and economic development.
Disasters: wars, floods.
Occupational exposure: exposure to chemical and physical agents.

1.3. Concepts of Ecology

For ecology, the natural environment is made up of closely related elements.

related to each other, which are divided for study into two large groups:
a) The "abiotic" factors (without life):

They are the group of physical and chemical factors that surround living beings such as:

["Organic matter","Temperature","Oxygen"]
• Luz • Humedad • Salinidad
• pH • Presión atmosférica • Gases como el CO2
Nutrients (divided into two: 1. macronutrients, the most abundant like the
nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium; and 2. micronutrients, the least abundant:
iron, copper, manganese.

b) The 'biotics' (with life):

It is the set of populations of living beings that live in an area.

determined, for example:

["Plants","Animals","People"]
Microorganisms (bacteria, viruses, fungi, and plankton)

1.3.1. Ecosystems

It is important to know the different ecosystems because they are the ones that
it sustains life on planet Earth, and if we destroy it, we would be ending
with the communities of plants and animals that inhabit each of them.

In addition to understanding the role that the food chain plays in the
ecosystems, which is the transfer of energy in the form of food from one individual to
another.

What is an Ecosystem?

Ecosystem is a set of organisms that are established in an area.

determined that interact, depend on, and are in balance with their environment
physical.

In ecology, there is a level of ecological organization on the planet and it starts with
the "individuals", who are the organisms capable of performing all the
characteristic functions of a living being are grouped into sets of the same
species referred to as 'populations'.

Populations of different species form, in turn, larger associations.

biological conglomerates in certain areas; and they are called
"communities". Communities are part of ecosystems.

This organization is related to the food chain that if it

interrupting at some level would affect an entire ecosystem, hence its
importance.

Normally, the community with the greatest "biodiversity" (greater number of

populations), will be the one with the highest chances of survival.

An ecosystem is a basic functional unit because it includes both factors

biotic and abiotic factors, each of which influences properties
del otro, siendo necesarios ambos para la conservación de la vida en la tierra.

1.3.2. Food Chain

What is the food chain?

Feeding links that exist in any ecosystem where a

the individual feeds on others, starting from plants or algae. From this
energy circulates in the form of food

How is the food chain structured?

The food chain, also called the trophic chain, is composed of:
Primary producers or autotrophs,
• Consumers or heterotrophs, and
Decomposers, detritivores or saprophages.
Below describes each division:
a) Primary producers or autotrophs
Los productores primarios son los seres capaces de elaborar su propio
food from solar energy (photosynthesis) or chemical reactions
minerals (chemosynthesis), and inorganic nutrients.

b) Consumers or heterotrophs

Heterotrophs are beings unable to produce their own food from

mineral sales and solar energy, that is, they produce their components from
from organic matter originating from other living beings.

c) Detritivores, detritivores or saprophages

all those beings that feed on organic matter in

decomposition.

Decomposing animals, scavengers, detritivores, or saprophages

they are the fifth order consumers. They feed on animals
dead; along with fungi and bacteria (which are referred to as
Decomposers break down the matter that others cannot digest.
animals, in simple substances such as phosphorus, calcium, potassium, sulfur, the
which are reintroduced into the aquatic environment to continue the cycle.

1.4. Natural Resources

Natural resources are divided into three: Renewable, Non-renewable, and

Inexhaustible.

Renewable
Renewable natural resources are those that, with care
adequate, can be maintained and even increased.

The main renewable resources are plants and animals. In turn

Plants and animals depend on other resources for their sustenance.
renewables that are water and soil.
b) Non-renewables

Non-renewable natural resources are those that exist in limited quantities.

determined and when overexploited, they can run out.

For example, oil, minerals, metals, and natural gas.

c) Unquenchable

Permanent or inexhaustible natural resources are those that do not

exhaust, regardless of the amount of productive activities that humans
made with them, such as: sunlight, the energy of ocean waves
and of the wind.

1.5. The Concept of Pollution

The term 'pollution' is defined as the result of harmful alteration.

a substance, an organism, a natural process or a complete ecosystem,
with effects on health, safety, or the population, which may be
harmful to plant or animal life.

Oil is a complex mixture of chemical compounds, its

characteristics and the proportion of its constituents vary depending on its
geological and geographical origin.

Oil is a natural product, which means that nature itself is capable of

reincorporate a very small fraction of it into the biogeochemical cycles,
therefore when the amount of oil in the environment is greater than what
it can be recycled, oil becomes a pollutant presenting
a negative impact.

Pollution can be classified in different ways, depending on

its characteristics and the sources that generate it, for example:

a) Biological contamination. It occurs when there are microorganisms that

they cause an imbalance in nature, for example: bacteria, fungi, viruses,
protozoa, etc.

b) Physical contamination. It is all contamination caused by factors

physical-mechanical related mainly to energy, for example:
high temperatures, noise, electromagnetic waves, etc.

c) Chemical pollution. It is any pollution caused by

matter, especially by chemical substances, which can be organic and
inorganic.

On the other hand, pollution can also be classified according to its

origin:

1) Natural. It is caused by sources of pollution of natural origin,

such as: volcanoes, geoclimatic effects, etc., their main characteristic is
which is generally found dispersed over a larger area, so that the
the effect is diluted by natural processes.

2) Anthropogenic. Anthropogenic pollution is that produced or

distributed by humans, for example: trash, smog, discharges to
air, water, and soil from industrial processes, etc. This type occurs in areas
close to urban or industrial areas, where pollutants are
concentrated in small volumes of air, water, and soil.

The sources that generate anthropogenic pollution more

the following are important:

Industrials

One of the most important sources of pollution is industry, which,

depending on the type of process, it may emit certain pollutants, either
in the form of solid waste, emissions into the air and/or into the hydrosphere. This
the problem mainly arises in the larger urban centers.
developed, as it is precisely in these places where they are concentrated
most of these productive activities and the processes of
transformation.

Commercials

Commercial activities are important sources of pollution,

mainly from solid waste, which derives from the large amount
of wrappers and packaging used for the products being sold.

Agricultural

Since ancient times, agricultural products have faced many

problems such as pests, insects, and other situations that decrease the
yield of their crops; to combat them, they have used pesticides,
herbicides and fertilizers of chemical origin, which, for many years, have
helped to increase their agricultural production, which over time have
brought a series of persistent pollution problems both in the
soils, like in food and water.

The home

Currently, around 90 thousand chemical substances are known for use

daily life at home, which contribute significantly to the
problem of pollution. The class of pollutants generated in the
home, although they are not mostly dangerous, they do represent, due to their
volume, an important problem.

The pollutants generated in the home are solid waste, in which

mainly food waste is included (44.14%), paper
(18.91%), cardboard (4.91%), disposable diapers (5.04%), waste from
gardening (4.32%), clear glass (3.97%), plant fiber (3.28%),
fine or powdered residue (12.43%) and the plastic whose weight percentage is
little, but in volume, it has the highest value (3.09%).

Mobile Phones
A mobile source is referred to as any motor vehicle that generates
air pollution. The problem of mobile sources represents, in
most urban centers, approximately 70% of the pollution
atmospheric. Among the most important pollutants generated by the sources
mobiles contain nitrogen oxides and carbon monoxide, the
which are mainly produced by poorly maintained vehicles (bad
tuning) or by older models that do not have a catalytic converter.

Pollutants and the environment

Traditionally, the environment has been divided for its study and
interpretation, in three components: air, water, and soil; however, the
most pollutants interact with more than one of the elements
of the environment.

Air pollution

As an environmental component, air is considered the layer of the

atmosphere where organisms develop their biological processes, this
the term is normally used to describe the mixture of gases that exist in
the layer that surrounds the Earth.

The term 'pure air' refers to the atmosphere that has the following composition
chemistry: nitrogen (78.1%), oxygen (20.9%), carbon dioxide (0.03%) and
methane and hydrogen (0.07%).

The atmosphere is primarily affected by the addition of compounds that

affect their chemical composition and harm human health. Among the
the main additions is smog. Smog is referred to as the mixture of
compounds that originate from the reaction of hydrocarbons and oxides of
nitrogen generated by the mobile sources of a city, which, when
react in the presence of sunlight, they produce a gaseous layer that
it generates the deterioration of materials and adverse effects on human health.

Water pollution

Water makes up 71% of our planet and is dispersed in the

oceans, rivers, lakes, etc., and in solid form, in the polar ice caps. Of the total
of water in the world, we can only use 0.35% for human use. The
the main sources of usable water are located in rivers and lagoons, thus
like in the underground, in this last source, most of the water
currently it is contaminated.

Among the main pollutants discharged into water channels

municipales se encuentran los detergentes y jabones. Los detergentes son
substances that have the special characteristic of being able to decrease the
surface tension present in the water-fat and water-air phases, such that
way, an emulsion of the fat phase and the particles is produced
adhered to a material.

Soil pollution.
Soil is defined as any layer of the earth that is loose,
differentiating it from solid rock, on which plants depend,
microorganisms and living beings. It consists of a wide variety of
compounds, of which the most important are nutrients.

Most of the pollutants released into the atmosphere have a

final destination, mainly, to the layer of loose soil on the surface of the
planet.

An example of the transport of pollutants to the soil is rain.

acidic, a process in which compounds are washed from the atmosphere and
precipitated to the ground.

In some cases, various microorganisms can help dissolve the

Matter, a process referred to as biodegradation, is defined as a process
biological process through which organic matter is decomposed into its
simpler forms, due to the action of specific microorganisms, the
which can act in an aerobic and anaerobic manner.

Pollution in oil facilities

As a result of oil activities, the seas have been altered.

due to accidental spills, having a negative impact on resources
biotics of the area of influence. This has caused disturbance of the
ecosystems, disappearance and displacement of a large number of species
native marinas of the place.

In extraction and processing activities, risks are generated

spills and explosions of hydrocarbons, emissions into the atmosphere and the
accumulation of hazardous waste. In those facilities, measures are taken
strict measures for preventing environmental impacts, which range from
adherence to environmental regulations up to awareness on the part of the
workers for environmental protection.

UNIT 2. ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT

2.1. Introduction

The implementation of an Environmental Management System involves a review of

all the productive processes evaluating and carrying out, if applicable, the
corresponding changes that involve reductions in consumption of
water, energy and raw materials or minimize waste production and/or
emissions, which can lead to an optimization of the associated costs
of the management and/or treatment of the latter and the production costs in
general.

To reduce and control the pollution generated by the industry at a level

internationally, a global standard was created whose application generates benefits not
only for the company, but for the environment and society. This standard was
called ISO 14000 Environmental Management System.

This International Standard specifies the requirements for a management system.

environment that allows an organization to develop and implement a
 policy and objectives that take into account legal requirements and the
information about significant environmental aspects. It is your intention that
applicable to all types and sizes of organizations and to adjust to
various geographical, cultural, and social conditions. The basis of this
The approach is shown in Figure 1.

Figure 1. System model

of environmental management for this International Standard.

This International Standard is based on the methodology known as PDCA:

The PHVA methodology can be briefly described as:

• Plan: establish the objectives and processes necessary to achieve results

according to the organization's environmental policy.

• Do: implement the processes.

Verify: carry out the monitoring and measurement of the processes regarding the policy
environmental, the objectives, the targets and the legal and other requirements, and report
about the results.

Act: take actions to continuously improve the system performance

environmental management.

What does the ISO 14001 standard contain?

Index

Prologue
Prólogo de la versión en español Introducción
1 Objeto y campo de aplicación
2 Rules for consultation
3 Terms and definitions
4 Requirements of the environmental management system
4.1 General Requirements
4.2 Environmental Policy
4.3 Planning
4.4 Implementation and operation
4.5 Verification
4.6 Management Review
Anexo A (Informativo) Orientación para el uso de esta Norma Internacional
Annex B (Informative) Correspondence between ISO 14001:2004 Standard and the Standard
ISO 9001:2000
Bibliography

2.2. Environmental Management Systems

Main topics of the Standard:

1 Object and field of application

This International Standard specifies the requirements for a management system

environmental, aimed at allowing an organization to develop and implement a
política y unos objetivos que tengan en cuenta los requisitos legales y otros requisitos
that the organization subscribes to, and the information related to environmental aspects
significant. It applies to those environmental aspects that the organization identifies
what can be controlled and those over which the organization can have influence.
It does not establish specific environmental performance criteria by itself.

This International Standard applies to any organization that wishes to:

a) establish, implement, maintain, and improve an environmental management system;

b) ensure compliance with its established environmental policy;
c) demonstrate compliance with this International Standard by:

the realization of a self-assessment and self-declaration, or

2) the search for confirmation of such conformity by the interested parties in the
organization, such as clients; or
3) the search for confirmation of their self-declaration by an external party
organization; or
4) the search for the certification/registration of your environmental management system by a
external part of the organization.

All the requirements of this International Standard are intended for its incorporation into
any environmental management system. Its degree of application depends on factors
such as the organization's environmental policy, the nature of its activities,
products and services and the location where and the conditions under which it operates.

This International Standard also provides, in annex A, guidance of a character

information about its use.

2 Rules for consultation

No normative references are cited. This section is included for the purpose of
maintain the same numerical order of the sections from the previous edition (ISO
14001:1996).

3 Terms and definitions

For the purpose of this international standard, the following definitions apply.

3.1 Auditor: person with the competence to carry out an audit.

3.5 Environment: The surroundings in which an organization (3.16) operates, including the
air, water, soil, natural resources, flora, fauna, human beings and
their interrelations

NOTE The environment in this context extends from within an organization

(3.16) to the global system.
3.6 Environmental Aspect: Element of the activities, products, or services of a
organization (3.16) that can interact with the environment (3.5).

NOTE A significant environmental aspect has or may have an environmental impact

(3.7) significant.

3.7 Environmental impact: Any change in the environment (3.5), whether adverse or
beneficial, as a total or partial result of environmental aspects (3.6) of a
organization (3.16).

4 Requirements of the environmental management system

4.1 General Requirements

The organization must establish, document, implement, maintain, and improve.

continuously an environmental management system in accordance with the requirements of this
international standard, and determine how it will meet these requirements.

The organization must define and document the scope of its management system.
environmental.

4.2 Environmental Policy

Top management must define the organization's environmental policy and ensure that
that, within the defined scope of its environmental management system, this:

a) it is appropriate to the nature, magnitude, and environmental impacts of its activities,

products and services;
b) includes a commitment to continuous improvement and pollution prevention;
c) includes a commitment to comply with applicable legal requirements and others
requirements that the
d) organization subscribes related to its environmental aspects;
provides the framework for establishing and reviewing the objectives and the
environmental goals;
f) is documented, implemented, and maintained;
g) It is communicated to all individuals who work for the organization or on its behalf.
of her; and
h) is available to the public.

4.3 Planning

4.3.1 Environmental aspects

The organization must establish, implement, and maintain one or more procedures.
para:

a) identify the environmental aspects of their activities, products, and services that
can control and those over whom I can influence within the defined scope of
environmental management system, taking into account new developments or
planned, or the new or modified activities, products, and services; and
b) determine those aspects that have or can have significant impacts
about the environment (that is, significant environmental aspects).
The organization must document this information and keep it updated.

The organization must ensure that significant environmental aspects are

take into account in the establishment, implementation, and maintenance of your
environmental management system.

4.3.2 Legal requirements and other requirements

The organization must establish, implement, and maintain one or more procedures.
for:

a) identify and have access to the applicable legal requirements and other requirements that the
organization subscribe related to its environmental aspects; and determine how
These requirements apply to their environmental aspects.
b) The organization must ensure that these applicable legal requirements and others
requirements that the organization subscribes to be taken into account in the establishment,
implementation and maintenance of your environmental management system.

4.3.3 Objectives, goals and programs

The organization must establish, implement, and maintain objectives and goals.
documented environmental issues, at the relevant levels and functions within the
organization.

Objectives and goals must be measurable when feasible and must be consistent.
with environmental policy, including commitments to prevention of the
pollution, compliance with applicable legal requirements and other requirements
that the organization subscribes, and with continuous improvement.

When an organization sets and reviews its objectives and goals, it must take into account
count the legal requirements and other requirements that the organization subscribes to, and its
significant environmental aspects. In addition, it should consider its options
technological and their financial, operational, and commercial requirements, as well as the
opinions of the stakeholders.

The organization must establish, implement, and maintain one or more programs.
to achieve their goals and objectives. These programs should include:

a) the assignment of responsibilities to achieve the objectives and goals in the

functions and relevant levels of the organization; and
b) the means and deadlines to achieve them.

4.4 Implementation and operation

4.4.1 Resources, functions, responsibility and authority

The management must ensure the availability of essential resources for

establish, implement, maintain, and improve the environmental management system. These,
includes human resources and specialized skills, infrastructure of the
organization, and the financial and technological resources.

Functions, responsibilities, and authority must be defined, documented and

communicate to facilitate effective environmental management.

The upper management of the organization must appoint one or more representatives of the
direction, who, regardless of other responsibilities, must have clearly defined
its functions, responsibilities, and authority to:

1) ensure that the environmental management system is established, implemented and

maintains in accordance with the requirements of this International Standard;
2) inform senior management about the performance of the environmental management system
for your review, including the recommendations for improvement.

4.4.2 Competence, training and awareness

The organization must ensure that anyone who performs tasks for
her or in her name, which could potentially cause one or several impacts
significant environmental aspects identified by the organization, be competent in taking
as a basis an education, training or appropriate experience, and must maintain the
associated records.

The organization must identify the training needs related to its

environmental aspects and their environmental management system. It must provide training
or undertake other actions to meet these needs, and must maintain the
associated records.

The organization must establish and maintain one or more procedures for its
employees or the people who work on their behalf become aware of:

a) the importance of compliance with environmental policy, procedures and

requirements of the environmental management system;
b) the significant environmental aspects, the actual related impacts or
potential associated with your work and the environmental benefits of an improvement
personal performance;
c) its functions and responsibilities in achieving conformity with the requirements
of the environmental management system; and
d) the potential consequences of deviating from the specified procedures.

4.4.3 Communication

In relation to its environmental aspects and its environmental management system, the
The organization must establish, implement, and maintain one or more procedures.
for:

a) the internal communication between the various levels and functions of the organization;
b) receive, document, and respond to relevant communications from the parties
external stakeholders.

The organization must decide whether or not to externally communicate information about
its significant environmental aspects and must document its decision. If the decision
The organization must establish and implement one or more methods for communication.
to carry out this external communication.
4.4.4 Documentation

The environmental management system documentation must include:

a) the policy, environmental objectives and goals;
b) the description of the scope of the environmental management system;
c) the description of the main elements of the environmental management system and its
interaction, as well as the reference to related documents;
d) the documents, including the records required in this International Standard; and
e) the documents, including the records determined by the organization as
necessary to ensure the effectiveness of planning, operation, and control of
processes related to their significant environmental aspects.

4.4.5 Control de documentos

The documents required by the environmental management system and by this standard
International should be controlled.

Records are a special type of document and must be controlled according to

the requirements established in section 4.5.4.

The organization must establish, implement, and maintain one or more procedures.
para:

a) approve the documents regarding their suitability before issuance;

b) review and update the documents when necessary, and approve them
again;
c) ensure that changes and the current review status are identified
documents;
d) ensure that the relevant versions of the applicable documents are
available at the points of use;
e) ensure that the documents remain legible and easily identifiable;
f) ensure that external source documents are identified that the
organization has determined that they are necessary for the planning and operation of
environmental management system and its distribution is controlled; and
g) prevent the unintentional use of obsolete documents, and apply them a
appropriate identification in the event that it is maintained for any reason.

4.4.6 Operational control

The organization must identify and plan those operations that are associated
with the significant environmental aspects identified, according to your policy
environmental, objectives and goals, in order to ensure that they are carried out under the
specified conditions, by means of:

a) the establishment, implementation, and maintenance of one or more procedures

documented to control situations in which their absence could lead to
deviations of the policy, the environmental objectives and goals; and
b) the establishment of operational criteria in the procedures; and
c) the establishment, implementation, and maintenance of procedures
related to significant environmental aspects identified from the goods and
services used by the organization, and the communication of the procedures and
applicable requirements for suppliers, including contractors.

4.4.7 Preparation and response to emergencies

The organization must establish, implement and maintain one or more procedures.
to identify potential emergency situations and potential accidents that
they can have impacts on the environment and how to respond to them.

The organization must respond to emergency situations and real accidents and
prevent or mitigate the adverse environmental impacts associated.

The organization must periodically review and modify its

preparation and response procedures for emergencies, particularly afterwards
of accidents or emergency situations occurring.

The organization should also conduct periodic tests of such procedures.

when feasible.

4.5 Verification

4.5.1 Tracking and Measurement

The organization must establish, implement, and maintain one or more procedures.
to track and regularly measure the fundamental characteristics
of their operations that can have a significant impact on the environment.
The procedures must include documentation of the information to carry out the
monitoring of performance, of applicable operational controls and of the
compliance with the organization's environmental goals and objectives.

The organization must ensure that the monitoring and measurement equipment is
use and keep calibrated or verified, and records must be maintained
associates.

4.5.2 Evaluation of Legal Compliance

[Link] In line with its commitment to compliance, the organization must

establish, implement and maintain one or more procedures for evaluating
periodically the compliance with applicable legal requirements.
The organization must retain records of the evaluation results.
periodicals.

[Link] The organization must assess compliance with other requirements that
subscribe. The organization can combine this evaluation with the evaluation of
legal compliance mentioned in section [Link], or establish one or more
separate procedures.

The organization must maintain records of the evaluation results.

periodicals.

4.5.3 Nonconformity, corrective action and preventive action

The organization must establish, implement, and maintain one or more procedures.
to address actual and potential nonconformities and take corrective actions
preventive actions. The procedures must define requirements for:

a) the identification and correction of non-conformities and taking actions to

mitigate their environmental impacts;
b) the investigation of non-conformities, determining their causes and taking the measures
actions aimed at preventing them from happening again;
c) the evaluation of the need for actions to prevent non-conformities and the
implementation of the appropriate actions defined to prevent its occurrence;
d) the record of the results of preventive actions and corrective actions
taken; and
e) the review of the effectiveness of preventive and corrective actions
plugs.

The actions taken must be appropriate in relation to the magnitude of the

problems and environmental impacts encountered.

The organization must ensure that any necessary changes are incorporated into the
documentation of the environmental management system.

4.5.4 Control of records

The organization must establish and maintain the records that are necessary, to
demonstrate compliance with the requirements of your environmental management system and
this International Standard, and to demonstrate the results achieved.

The organization must establish, implement, and maintain one or more procedures.
for identification, storage, protection, recovery, time of
retention and the disposal of records.

Records must be and remain legible, identifiable, and traceable.

4.5.5 Internal audit

The organization must ensure that internal audits of the management system
environmental assessments are carried out at planned intervals to:

a) determine if the environmental management system:

1) it is in accordance with the planned provisions for environmental management, including

the requirements of this
International Standard; and
3) has been implemented properly and is maintained; and

b) provide information to management about the results of the audits.

The organization must plan, establish, implement, and maintain programs of
audit, taking into account the environmental importance of the operations involved and
the results of the previous audits.

One or more procedures must be established, implemented, and maintained.

audits that address:

¾ las responsabilidades y los requisitos para planificar y realizar las auditorías,

informar sobre los resultados mantener los registros asociados;

the determination of audit criteria, their scope, frequency, and methods.

The selection of auditors and the conduct of audits must ensure the
objectivity and impartiality of the audit process.

4.6 Management Review

Top management must review the organization's environmental management system, to

planned intervals, to ensure their convenience, suitability, and effectiveness
you continue. These reviews should include the evaluation of improvement opportunities and
the need to make changes in the environmental management system, including the
environmental policy, the environmental objectives and goals. They must conserve the
records of the reviews by the management.

The input elements for management reviews must include:

a) the results of internal audits and compliance evaluations with the

legal requirements and other requirements that the organization subscribes to;
b) communications from external stakeholders, including complaints;
c) the environmental performance of the organization;
d) the degree of compliance with the objectives and goals;
e) the status of corrective and preventive actions;
f) the monitoring of the actions resulting from previous reviews carried out
for the direction;
g) los cambios en las circunstancias, incluyendo la evolución de los requisitos legales y
other requirements related to their environmental aspects; and
h) the recommendations for improvement.

The results of the management reviews must include all decisions and
actions taken related to possible changes in environmental policy,
objectives, goals, and other elements of the environmental management system, consistent with
the commitment to continuous improvement.

UNIDAD 3. SUBSISTEMA DE ADMINISTRACIÓN AMBIENTAL

3.1. Introduction

The Environmental Management Subsystem of Pemex consists of 15 Elements, and

are aimed at the prevention and control of pollution, and in combination with the
12 MPI, and with the elements of the subsystems (SASP and SAA), the
aspects and environmental impacts of our operations and production processes,
ensuring compliance with the applicable legal framework.

The elements that make it up are as follows:

What is the Environmental Management Subsystem of PEP?

Mexico, as a consequence of the opening and trade agreements with the United States
and other countries, Mexico has had to adjust to the requirements of the market
international, which is highly competitive.

Contenders with international markets prioritize quality; but nowadays, the

Quality is not the only requirement for a product to be attractive: we are in the era
of communication, in a globalized world; therefore, every entrepreneur must be
prepared for major competitors in the international market, producing in
consideration of the cost-quality equation, which means having an excellent product
at the lowest possible cost.

Previously, when producing with quality, environmental care was not considered;
In fact, producing in an environmentally friendly way meant an extra cost for the businessman.
cost that broke the cost-quality equation.

However, now quality entails caring for the environment, and this is the reason for
both the legislation on environmental matters and Mexican companies,
we are gradually realizing that in order to produce and market at a level
international, in addition to offering quality, we must meet requirements of
ecological order. These requirements are not a way to hinder trade
international, on the contrary, respond to major environmental needs
relevance; if they continued under the conditions in which they were being carried out, they would end up
eliminate, not only all possibility of trade, but all possibility of life.

Objective

The objective of Environmental Analysis and Management is to identify the aspects

environmental and control the significant environmental impact, or on which it is possible
to have any influence, in relation to the activities associated with exploration and
exploitation of oil and gas fields, as well as their transportation and
storage.

3.2. Description of the Subsystem

The SAA of PEP consists of 15 elements (or implementation requirements) whose attention and
application will allow the prevention and control of environmental pollution,
managing the environmental impact of operations, processes, products and
the company's services, and ensuring compliance with the applicable legal framework.
The following are described each of the 15 elements:

1. Environmental aspects

To identify the environmental aspects in the workplace, the following should be considered:

the projects, the activities of the organization, the products and services
new or modified, determining for each of them the Environmental Impact
about the environment, ensuring that these are taken into account in the
establishment, implementation, and maintenance of the SAA.

. Environmental aspect: Element of the activities, products or services of a

organizations that can interact with the environment.

. Environmental impact: Any change in the environment, whether adverse or beneficial,

as a partial or total result of the environmental aspects of an organization.

2. Legal requirements and other requirements

The environmental legal requirements and other requirements to which the organization is
subscriptions must be closely related to their environmental aspects, and
they must be identified, be accessible to the entire organization, be explained and
communications, both to employees and to service providers, and they must be the
main basis in the establishment, implementation, and maintenance of the SAA.

Environmental legal requirements must include laws, codes, regulations, standards,

decrees and agreements that must be fulfilled.

Example of other requirements:

• National and international legal requirements.

• Local governmental legal requirements.
Agreements with community groups or civil society organizations.
Corporate requirements of the company.

Assessment of legal compliance:

The environmental legal requirements and other requirements that the organization adopts are
they are periodically evaluated to determine if they are being met, maintaining the
corresponding records.

The organization must be able to demonstrate that it evaluates compliance with the requirements.
legal identifiers, including permits and licenses.

It must also be able to demonstrate that it evaluates compliance with other requirements.
identified to which it was subscribed.

3. Objectives, goals, programs and indicators

The objectives, goals, programs, and indicators of the Management System

Environmental must be formulated at the different levels and functions of the organization and
be aligned with the SSPA policy. The significant environmental aspects, the
commitment to pollution prevention, compliance with the requirements
legal and other requirements, and the continuous improvement of the SAA must be consistent with
year to year.

Based on the defined objectives and goals, programs and plans are developed.
execution, which includes times, frequency, responsibilities, and resources.

The environmental program should include considerations about the stages of

planning, design, production, marketing, and final disposal. This can
to be carried out both for current activities, products, or services and for
the new ones.

4. Resources, functions, responsibility, and authority

The leadership team ensures the availability of human resources, resources

financial and technological resources to establish, implement, maintain, and improve the SAA. The
Functions, responsibilities, and authority are defined, documented, and communicated.
to facilitate effective environmental management.

The highest authority of the workplace has one or several representatives who
they ensure that the SAA is established, implemented, and maintained in accordance with the
established requirements, furthermore it reports on the performance of the System for its
review, including recommendations for improvement.
The successful implementation of an environmental management system requires a high
commitment of all the people who work in the organization and this must
start at the upper levels of management.

Therefore, environmental functions and responsibilities should not be considered as

restricted to the environmental management function, but must also be covered in
other areas of the organization, such as operational areas and functions of
support.

5. Competence, training, and awareness

The competence of the staff must be based on education and experience.

appropriate, in their training and skills, for the effective performance of their function or
position. The person's training must be based on detection of
training needs, developing and fulfilling individual programs of
training at 100%.

All workers and contractors who perform activities that may cause
significant environmental impacts must be competent based on the
training and experience, in addition, the needs are identified and addressed
training of personnel related to environmental aspects and the SAA.
Actions are being taken to raise awareness among staff about the importance of the
compliance with the SSPA policy, the procedures, the requirements of the SAA, the
significant environmental aspects, the impacts related to their work, the
environmental benefits of better personal performance, its functions, its
responsibilities and the potential consequences of deviating from the
procedures. In fact, the organization recognizes the good environmental performance of
its workers and contractors.

6. Internal and external communication

The organization ensures communication between the various levels and functions of the
the same in relation to its environmental aspects and its SAA; furthermore, it defines and
document the scope of SAA communication to stakeholders. Receive,
Document and respond to the relevant communications from stakeholders.

Internal communication is important to ensure the effective implementation of the SAA.

Internal communication methods may include regular meetings of the
work groups, internal newsletters, bulletin boards, and intranet sites.

If the organization decides to make an external communication about its aspects

Environmental issues, a procedure should be established to address them.

7. Document and record control

The documents that make up the SAA are controlled according to procedures that
they include their issuance, identification, changes and management of obsolete items, availability in
the work areas as well as the control of externally sourced documents.

The records generated to demonstrate compliance with the SAA requirements, are
they are identified, stored, protected, and made available to facilitate their
recovery. The records remain legible, identifiable, and traceable.
The level of detail of the documentation must be sufficient to describe the system.
of environmental management and the way its parts interrelate, and provide
the indications on where to obtain more detailed information about the operation of
specific parts of the system.

This documentation can be integrated with the documentation of other systems.

implanted by the organization.

8. Operational control

The operations associated with significant environmental aspects are

identified and planned according to the objectives, goals, and environmental policy of
SSPA, in order to ensure that they are carried out under the conditions
specified.

The organization must evaluate its operations associated with the aspects
significant environmental factors identified, and ensure that they are carried out in such a way that
allow the control or reduction of the adverse impacts associated with them, to
achieve the objectives of its policy, and meet environmental objectives and goals. This
must include all parts of its operations including the activities of
maintenance.

9. Emergency response plan

The workplace identifies potential emergency situations and accidents.

potential, which can have impacts on the environment. In its Response Plan to
Emergencies establish the response actions for such situations, the
prevention or mitigation of adverse environmental impacts associated with resources
humans, materials, and the necessary equipment.

These plans are tested to evaluate their effectiveness, reviewed and corrected.
periodically. The organization must respond to emergencies and accidents
real, and prevent or mitigate the adverse environmental impacts associated. The
drills allow for preparedness and bring the company closer to the authorities, the
community and external emergency services; therefore, a program or plan of
emergency response, for its execution it must be previously established.

10. Monitoring and measurement of operations

The workplace must regularly monitor and measure the characteristics.

fundamentals of operations that have, or can have, a significant impact
in the environment, considering the performance information, the controls
applicable operations and conformity with environmental objectives and goals.
In addition, you must ensure that the monitoring and measurement equipment is used and
keep calibrated or verified.

The data collected from monitoring and measuring must be analyzed to identify its
behavior pattern and obtain information. The knowledge that is generated from
this information must be used to implement preventive and corrective actions.
When it is necessary to ensure the validity of the results. The teams of
measuring instruments must be calibrated and certified at specified time intervals,
keeping a record for as long as necessary.
11. Evaluation of legal compliance

Los requisitos legales ambientales y otros requisitos que la organización adopte, se

they are periodically evaluated to determine if they are being met, maintaining the
corresponding records.

The organization must be able to demonstrate that it evaluates compliance with the requirements.
legal identifications, including permits and licenses.

Likewise, it must be able to demonstrate that it evaluates compliance with other requirements.
identified to which it was subscribed.

12. Nonconformity, corrective action and preventive action

The workplace must identify and correct the actual non-conformities and
take actions to mitigate their environmental impacts, as well as
prevent potential nonconformities.

All actual and potential non-conformities must be analyzed to

determine their root causes and take actions in order to prevent their occurrence or
recurrence, in addition, the effectiveness of such actions is reviewed.

It must be ensured that any change resulting from non-conformities is

incorporate it into the documentation of the SAA.

Environmental incidents are considered a non-conformity within the

system.

13. Environmental Audits

Environmental audits of the SAA and its processes allow the leadership team
evaluate the maturity of the system implementation, as well as identify the bad and
good work practices, inadequate procedures, misunderstandings or not
applied, the conditions of the facilities and equipment that do not meet the
standards, as well as non-compliance with current environmental regulations.

Audits must be planned, scheduled, and executed, taking into account the
environmental importance of the operations involved and the results of the audits
previous. The preventive and corrective actions or measures defined to address the
deviations and areas for improvement detected in the audits must be implemented
within the agreed dates.

Internal audits of the environmental management system can be conducted by

own personnel or external personnel selected by the CT, who work in their
name. The people who conduct the audits must be competent and be
position of doing it impartially and objectively.

14. Best environmental practices

The good practices in environmental matters, derived from root cause analyses, of the
recommendations for audits, for the research of new technologies and of the
personal experiences, in the design, construction, operation processes,
maintenance, and where applicable, dismantling, are identified, selected,
disseminated and implemented by the workplace to support the improvement process
continue of the system.

Además, se evalúan las buenas prácticas de otras empresas para ser consideradas en
the process of implementing best practices.

15. Review by management

The highest authority of the workplace reviews the SAA at planned intervals.
to ensure its operation, suitability, efficacy, and continuous effectiveness.

The reviews consider the results of internal audits and evaluations of

compliance with legal requirements and other requirements; internal communications and
external ones, including complaints; the environmental performance of the organization; the degree of
compliance with objectives and goals; the status of corrective actions and
preventive; the monitoring of the actions resulting from previous reviews
carried out by the management; changes in circumstances, including the
evolution of legal requirements and other requirements related to its aspects
environmental and the recommendations for improvement.

The results of management reviews must include all decisions and

actions taken related to possible changes in environmental policy,
objectives, goals and other elements of the SAA, consistent with the commitment to improvement
continue.

The management review must cover the scope of the subsystem, although not all
the elements need to be reviewed at the same time and the review process can be carried out
for a certain period of time.

UNIT 4. LEGAL PROTECTION OF THE ENVIRONMENT

4.1. What does the legal protection of the environment mean?

The legal protection of the environment can be defined as 'the set of norms
legal norms that regulate human conduct that can have a relevant influence
in the interaction processes that take place between the systems of organisms
living beings and their environmental systems, through the generation of effects of which
wait for a significant modification of the living conditions of said
"organisms"; in other words, it is a set of legal rules that
they solve problems related to the conservation and protection of the environment
through the regulation of human behaviors that deteriorate it.

It is a set of rules and normative principles, preserving nature and

its basic or essential constitutive elements for its complex balance: air,
protected spaces and species, landscape, flora and fauna, waters, forests, soils and
subsoils and natural resources.

In Mexico, the hierarchy of these legal norms is very important because

knowing the supremacy of some rules over others is the only way to
understand the obligations of each sector that constitutes the Mexican State
(governed and governors):
Now, in environmental matters, in Mexico we have a vast legal apparatus that
describe below.

What does the Political Constitution of the United Mexican States say?

Table 9: Environmental Articles in the Political Constitution of the United States

Mexicans.

4.2. What are the Mexican Official Standards?

The norms are rules that establish criteria to which one must adhere.
human behavior; for example, ethical norms, religious norms, legal norms.
Within legal standards, the Mexican Official Standards (NOMs) can
to define themselves as the rules that define terminology, classification, guidelines,
the specifications, the attributes, the characteristics, the test methods or the
applicable prescriptions for a product, process, or service. They are prepared, issued and
they are disseminated nationwide.

The NOMs involve mandatory technical regulations, while the

Mexican Standards (NMX) are voluntary (they also establish standards or
procedures that a company chooses to follow voluntarily, in case of
to want to comply with the strictest conditions of which the authority has
established as mandatory

Another main feature of the NOMs and NMXs is the establishment

of the Maximum Permissible Limits of various substances; this is: the measure of the
concentration or the degree of elements, substances or physical, chemical, and parameters
biological, which characterize an effluent or an emission, that when exceeded causes or
it can cause harm to health, human well-being, and the environment.

In environmental matters, in Mexico we have hundreds of regulations that can

classify into themes such as:

a) Agricultural

Official Mexican Standard NOM-002-ZOO-1994, Technical and Operational Activities

applicable to the National Program for the Control of the African Bee.

b) Atmosphere:

Official Mexican Standard NOM-039-SEMARNAT-1993, which establishes the levels

maximum permissible emissions to the atmosphere of sulfur dioxide and sulfur trioxide and
sulfuric acid mists, in sulfuric acid production plants (NOM-039-
ECOL-1993).

c) Biodiversity:

Official Mexican Standard NOM-059-SEMARNAT-2001, Environmental Protection - Species

native to Mexico of wild flora and fauna - Risk categories and specifications
for its inclusion, exclusion or change - List of species at risk (NOM-059-ECOL-
2001).
d) Energy:

Official Mexican Standard NOM-016-SEDG-2003, Valve used in containers

portable containers for liquefied petroleum gas.- Specifications and methods of
test.

e) Forestry:

Official Mexican Standard NOM-060-SEMARNAT-1994, which establishes the

specifications to mitigate the adverse effects caused in the soils and
water bodies for forestry exploitation (NOM-060-COL-1994).

f) Hydraulics:

Official Mexican Standard NOM-001-SEMARNAT-1996, which establishes the limits

maximum permissible contaminant levels in wastewater discharges in
waters and national assets (NOM-001-ECOL-1996).

g) Hazardous Materials and Waste:

Official Mexican Standard NOM-055-SEMARNAT-2003, which establishes the requirements

what the sites designated for controlled confinement must meet
previously stabilized hazardous waste.

h) Environment and Sustainable Development:

Official Mexican Standard NOM-143-SEMARNAT-2003, which establishes the

environmental specifications for the management of congenital water associated with
hydrocarbons.

Fishing:

Official Mexican Standard NOM-001-FISH-1993, to regulate the use of

the tuna species with purse seine vessels in the waters under federal jurisdiction of the
United Mexican States of the Pacific Ocean and with fishing boats for encirclement of
Mexican flag in international waters and territorial waters of other countries
that are found in the Eastern Pacific Ocean.

Civil Protection:

Official Mexican Standard NOM-003-SEGOB/2002, Signals and warnings for protection

civil.

Colors, shapes, and symbols to use.

k) Health:

Official Mexican Standard NOM-021-SSA1-1993, Environmental health. Criteria for evaluation

the quality of ambient air regarding carbon monoxide (CO). Value
permissible for the concentration of carbon monoxide (CO) in ambient air
as a measure to protect the health of the population.
l) Work:

Official Mexican Standard NOM-115-STPS-1994, Protective helmets -

Specifications, testing methods, and classification.

Other Environmental Management Instruments (environmental procedures).

In addition to the instruments analyzed earlier in this chapter (ANPs, OET,

EIA, AA, and NOMs), there are other environmental management instruments that,
mainly, they constitute procedures; for example:

Annual Operation Certificate: The COA is the tool for monitoring, updating
and collection of information by industrial establishment to report emissions
and transfers of pollutants that occurred in the previous calendar year.

• Unique Environmental License: The LAU is unique for each industrial establishment and integrates
the procedures for environmental impact and risk, emissions to the atmosphere, generation of
hazardous waste and hydraulic services.

Payment of fees for:

Payment of fees for procedures related to 'Environmental Impact'

Payment of fees for procedures related to 'Hazardous Materials and Activities'
Payment of fees for procedures related to 'Wildlife'

Competencies and Administrative Bodies

To understand how and where to carry out these environmental procedures of a character
federal, it is necessary to know the Organizational Structure and the Internal Regulations of the
Secretariat of Environment and Natural Resources. For example, for the District
Federal, the available environmental procedures are:

General Directorate of Air Quality Management:

Exemption from the environmental contingency program

General Directorate of Environmental Regulation and Supervision:

Unique Environmental License for the Federal District (LAUDF).

Management Plan for Solid Waste for Generators Not Subject to LAUDF.
Execution of Work Notice.
Emergency Alert.
Demolition Notice.
Consultation.
General Environmental Impact Manifestation.
Specific Environmental Impact Manifestation.
Preventive Report.
Risk Study.

Finally, the legal information analyzed in this chapter aims to support

the identification of legal requirements and other requirements, in accordance with the
PGPL-TC-003-2008 procedure of the SAA that establishes:
The methodology to be followed to identify, access, record, communicate, update, and
maintain the legal requirements and other requirements that you subscribe to and that are
related to the environmental aspects identified in the workplaces; thus
how the determination of its application towards environmental aspects.

Legal Requirements. They are the obligations established in laws, codes, treaties,
["conventions","protocols","decrees","regulations","official standards","agreements"]
authorizations and orders issued by regulatory entities or opinions issued
by administrative courts or tribunals; that are related to the aspects
environmental factors identified in the workplaces.

Other Requirements. They are obligations voluntarily established by the company.

which do not represent any legal obligation such as agreements or contracts
with local, municipal, state, federal authorities, non-governmental organizations
governmental, ecological regulations or other stakeholders that are
related to the environmental aspects identified in the workplaces.

UNIT 5. PEP PROVISIONS

5.1. Introduction

Annex "S" is part of all bidding or invitation bases and contracts

of works, acquisitions, leases or services, in addition to the contracts of
multiple services and any contracting instrument when they involve access,
services or activities by the staff of suppliers or contractors in
oil installations of Pemex Exploration and Production (PEP).

The Annex 'S' includes:

a) The "general requirements" that are mandatory for all contracts

mentioned, and

b) the 'specific requirements' that are mandatory for other contracts,

depending on the activities or services included in its scope. It also
include formats that complement the requirements set out in the annex.

Annex "S", Fourth Version, Revision 01, May 2010, establishes the obligations
of safety, health at work, and environmental protection of suppliers or
contractors carrying out activities in PEMEX EXPLORATION AND facilities
PRODUCTION

5.2. Requirements of Annex 'S'

Annex 'S' is structured as follows:

0. Objective and Scope

I. Definitions
II. General Requirements
II.1. a II.9. -Provisions-
II.10. TRAINING
II.11. INDUSTRIAL SECURITY
II.12. HEALTH AT WORK
II.13. ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION
II.14. PHYSICAL SECURITY
III. Specific Requirements
III.1. INDUSTRIAL SECURITY
III.2. HEALTH IN THE WORKPLACE
III.3. ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION
IV. Formats

0. Objective and Scope

The goal is to establish the minimum requirements for Safety and Health at work.
and Environmental Protection that Suppliers or Contractors, their personnel must comply with
and that of their subcontractors, in order to prevent incidents and accidents in the
Pemex Exploration and Production facilities.

All the requirements that Pemex Exploration and Production establishes in the
Format 4 of this Annex (general requirements, specific requirements and
additional specific requirements), are mandatory for the
Supplier or Contractors.

Deductions for non-compliance or administrative termination of

CONTRACT
In case of non-compliance by the SUPPLIER or CONTRACTOR to any of the
obligations agreed upon in the present Annex through Format 4, Pemex
Exploration and Production will apply the stipulated deductions according to
established in Format 6 of this Annex.

Pemex Exploration and Production may at any time initiate the termination.
administrativa por causas imputables al PROVEEDOR o CONTRATISTA conforme al
procedure outlined in the clause titled "Termination Procedure"
administrative of the contract.

II. GENERAL REQUIREMENTS

II.13. Environmental Protection

II.13.1. Authorizations and Permits

II.13.1.1. Provide the supervisor with the documentary evidence of the authorizations
and permissions.

II.13.1.2. Respect the PEP guidelines on land use of the areas, properties
or oil facilities.

II.13.2. Water

II.13.2.1. Discharges into the sea, rivers, lagoons, swamps, or other resources are not allowed.
national, of harmful liquid substances, dirty water, materials and waste.

II.13.3. Atmosphere

II.13.3.1. In the Facilities, do not use or supply equipment that contains

Chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs) or other substances that damage the ozone layer, do not use
fire suppression systems based on Chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs) and/or compounds
halogenated.

II.13.4. Waste

II.13.4.1. Classify garbage, scrap, hazardous waste, or any other waste

indicated in the Environmental Regulations. The storage and transport of the
waste must be done in the appropriate containers or devices according to their
classification, and send them to the authorized final disposal sites or those indicated
PEP.
II.13.4.2. Upon completing any work under the contract, remove all your items from the area.
equipment, provisional structures and surplus materials.

II.13.5. Soil

II.13.5.1. Inform in writing using the current formats issued by the Authority.
Environmental, to the SIPA area through the Supervisor or Resident, any spill of
hazardous materials or waste that I generated during the performance of my work in
installations or on the way to them.

II.13.5.2. Keep machinery and equipment in good condition, avoid lubricant leaks.
or fuels.

II.13.5.3. No dredging of the bed material of rivers, streams,

beaches, lakes, lagoons or body of water.

II.13.6. Prevention of environmental impacts

II.13.6.1. No hunting, fishing, transporting, trading, or possessing wildlife specimens.
wild (land or marine) in oil facilities.

II.13.6.2. Do not damage, commercialize, consume, or steal species of flora.

II.13.6.3. Upon finding monuments, remains, and archaeological and historical vestiges,
cultural during their activities, to avoid their destruction.

II.13.7. Verifications
II.13.7.1. Provide the facilities and information requested by PEP, during the
conducting environmental or safety audits.

III. SPECIFIC REQUIREMENTS

III.3. Environmental Protection

III.3.1. Environmental Impact and Risk Studies

III.3.1.1. When the preparation of the impact and risk study is agreed upon.
environmental. You must submit this study to the PEP supervisor.

III.3.2. Reporte de cumplimiento ambiental

III.3.2.1. Comply with the terms and conditions established in the resolution letter
of authorization in environmental impact and risk issued by SEMARNAT.

III.3.2.2. Prepare the Environmental Compliance Report (RCA) for the resolution document.
III.3.3. Water

III.3.3.1. When hazardous materials or waste are accidentally spilled or released

in the sea or lacustrine areas, inform verbally before 24 hours after the
event and formalize it within 72 hours in the current formats to the Secretary of
Marina and the SEMARNAT Delegation, as appropriate, repair the damage without
position for PEP. Likewise, immediately send a detailed report to PEP.

III.3.3.2. Prior to the diversion of a natural watercourse or the construction of a crossing

temporary of a body of water, having the official permit.

III.3.3.3. Before discharging or releasing wastewater, waste or

other substances into the sea, lagoons, rivers, swamps, or other bodies of water, to have the
authorization.

III.3.3.4. Before using or exploiting national waters, obtain the permit.

corresponding.

III.3.4. Atmosphere
III.3.4.1. When operating oil facilities or using equipment that operates with
fossil fuels, implement a maintenance program, deliver the
documentary evidence of its compliance, in accordance with the regulations.

III.3.5. Waste
III.3.5.1. Accept and comply with the responsibility for the waste generated,
complying with laws, regulations, and standards in the matter.

III.3.5.2. Provide the waste management program at the start of the contract
what generates.

III.3.5.3. Have a monthly log to record the generation and handling of

hazardous waste.

III.3.5.4. Have a logbook to record the generation and movements of the

non-hazardous waste.

III.3.5.5. Do not burn waste in the open air.

III.3.5.6. When using devices such as incinerators, gas or vapor scrubbers,

technically demonstrate that there is no generation of by-products or waste
dangerous.

III.3.5.7. Do not dump non-food waste into the sea.

III.3.5.8. Before throwing food waste into the sea, grind them into pieces of 25 mm or
minors.

III.3.5.9. When transporting hazardous waste or special management waste, comply with
what the regulations establish.

III.3.5.10. When handling hazardous waste, provide PEP with your registration as a company.
hazardous waste generator, the waste generation manifests
dangerous, those involved in the delivery, transport, and reception of hazardous waste, as well as the
corresponding quarterly reports.

III.3.6. Noise
III.3.6.1. When using machinery and work equipment with environmental noise emissions,
comply with NOM-081-SEMARNAT-1994.

III.3.7. Insurance against environmental damage

III.3.7.1. When engaging in highly risky activities, have risk insurance.
Environmental. This insurance can be independent or part of other insurances.
what PEP requests from the supplier or contractor in the contract.

III.3.8. Environmental contingency plans

III.3.8.1. When carrying out activities, have a Plan from the beginning of the contract.
environmental contingency based on a risk analysis, when established in the
annexes of the contract.

III.3.9. Environmental Audits

III.3.9.1. Prior to the commencement of operations of the drilling facilities or equipment
that they be rented or operated by PEP, initiate the procedures to incorporate them into the Program
National Environmental Audit, in order to obtain the Industry Certificate.
Clean (Environmental Compliance Certificate) corresponding.

III.3.9.2. For the purposes of the previous point, before finalizing the contract, the Supplier or
The contractor must provide documentary evidence showing the registration in the
National Environmental Audit Program mentioned and that has complied with the
requirements and recommendations that the Authority has issued to you on dates
understood within the term of validity of the contract.

5.3. Waste management

Waste management

Strategies and actions for waste management

It is one of the fields in which the most progress has been made in PEP, especially in the area of
drilling where the same philosophy and spirit of the Legislation is being adopted
Mexican Environmental, which is summarized in the following scheme:

The scheme indicates that the effectiveness in waste management lies in the
reduction from the generating source; in the following steps, recycling is attempted,
reusing or recovering something from the waste and the final step is to treat the waste
when the above did not achieve the expected results.

In marine facilities, basically two types of waste are generated.

dangerous ones that were already pointed out in Unit 3 and the non-dangerous ones that consist of
mainly in domestic waste, such as cardboard, paper, glass, or waste
industries such as scrap or the leftovers of food from the
housing platforms.

Waste separation
For the management of non-hazardous waste, a separation is first carried out.
trash, using different containers for plastics, glass, and other materials
recyclables such as cardboard or paper, later garbage compactors are used
like the one shown in the photograph.

They are sent to land by means of the scrap ships that to their
they are taken to a temporary collection center located at the port of Dos Bocas,
Tab., from where they are transported to the municipal landfills.

Food waste from the cafeteria on the platforms

residential, are crushed to a particle size allowed by the
international regulations (MARPOL Convention) for them to be discharged into the sea.

You are obliged by the Ecological Balance Law to provide specialized management to
hazardous waste and to separate them from non-hazardous waste.

The hazardous waste disposal service for platforms is carried out through
an annual comprehensive management contract that is funded by the two Marine Regions.

Similarly, for the land installations, there is a contract for the

Collection, packaging, labeling, weighing, transportation, and final disposal of waste
dangerous located in the industrial zone of km 4+500, the CPTG-Atasta and the CPGM-
Pemex.

One of the wastes incorrectly classified as "hazardous" by legislation.

national and that is generated in PEP due to the type of activities it conducts, are the
drilling cuttings impregnated with inverse emulsion mud.

In this regard, efforts have been made and certificates of non-hazardousness have been obtained for
declassify these waste in projects in Burgos, the Southern Region and the Regions
Marinas, but a definitive solution has not yet been obtained.

For this reason, they have had to undergo a strict 'management program' that
illustrates below, according to what is stated in the 'General Law for Prevention and Management
integral of the residues”, recently issued.

The process begins at the well, with the placement of collector trays and rubber.
cleaners that prevent the spillage of mud remnants outside the work area; the
pre-washed scraps are concentrated in special containers and transported to
land on one of the supply ships.

Once on land, they are transported to facilities where they receive treatment with
specialized equipment to dehydrate and reduce the degree of impregnation from 60% to
10% or provide some other treatment, so that it can finally be disposed of
some of the forms indicated in the table shown at the beginning where it is illustrated
the general process.

This entire process involves the control, recording, and monitoring of the volumes of
waste generated, transported, treated and disposed of; which is strictly
supervised by PEP staff and reported semi-annually to the authority
environmental.

5.4. Classification and handling of hazardous waste

The General Law on Ecological Balance and Environmental Protection (LGEEPA) defines
to Hazardous Wastes as all those wastes, in any physical state,
that due to their corrosive, reactive, explosive, toxic, flammable or characteristics,
biological-infectious, pose a danger to ecological balance or the environment.

A waste is any material generated in the processes of extraction, processing,

transformation, production, consumption, use, control or treatment whose quality does not
allow it to be used again in the process that generated it (LGEEPA).

In Mexico, hazardous waste is regulated through the General Law of Balance.

Ecological and Environmental Protection, General Law for Prevention and Management
Integral of the Residues, Regulation of the General Law for Prevention and Management
Integral of the Residues, and Mexican Official Standards NOM-052-SEMARNAT-2005 and
NOM-087-SEMARNAT-SSA1-2002.

The Safety and Hygiene Regulations of Petróleos Mexicanos and Organizations

Subsidiaries establish that hazardous waste must be deposited in containers
the places designated for this purpose (Chapter II General Preventive Measures, Article
67), its management and its provision are established in Chapter III, Environmental Culture,
Article 2, 13, 14, 15, 17, and 18; Chapter VIII, Article 52.

Characteristics of a hazardous waste

The waste is considered hazardous if it exhibits at least one of the following characteristics.
CRETIB (NOM-052-SEMARNAT-2005):

a) Corrosivity

It is Corrosive when a sample exhibits any of the following properties:

It is an aqueous liquid and has a pH less than or equal to 2.0 or greater than or equal to 12.5.
It is a solid that when mixed with distilled water has a pH less than or equal to
a 2.0 or greater or equal to 12.5.
It is a non-aqueous liquid capable of corroding carbon steel, type SAE 1020, at a
speed of 6.35 millimeters or more per year at a temperature of 328 K (55°C).

b) Reactivity

It is reactive when a sample shows any of the following properties:

It is a liquid or solid that ignites after coming into contact with the air.
a time less than five minutes without an external ignition source.
When it comes into contact with water, it reacts spontaneously and generates gases.
flammables in an amount greater than 1 liter per kilogram of waste per hour.
It is a waste that in contact with air and without a supplemental energy source
generates heat.
It contains cyanides or liberable sulfides in its constitution, which when exposed to
acidic conditions generate gases in amounts greater than 250 mg of acid
hydrogen cyanide per kg of waste or 500 mg of hydrogen sulfide per kg of waste.
c) Explosiveness

It is explosive when it is capable of producing a detonating reaction or decomposition.

or explosive only in the presence of an energy source or if heated under
confinement.

d) Environmental Toxicity

It is Environmental Toxic when:

The PECT extract (Procedure for Extracting Toxic Constituents), obtained

through the procedure established in NOM-053-SEMARNAT-1993, contains
any of the toxic constituents listed in Table 2 of this Standard in a
concentration greater than the limits indicated there.

e) Flammability

It is flammable when a sample exhibits any of the following properties:

It is a liquid or a mixture of liquids that contains solids in solution or
suspension that has a flash point below 60.5°C.
It is not liquid and can cause fire by friction, moisture absorption or
spontaneous chemical changes at 25°C.
It is a gas that, at 20°C and a pressure of 101.3 kPa, burns when it is found in a
a mixture of 13% or less by volume of air, or has a flammability range with
aerate of at least 12% regardless of the lower flammability limit.
It is an oxidizing gas that can cause or contribute more than air to combustion.
of another material.

Biological-Infectious
It is Biological-Infectious Any microorganism capable of causing diseases
when present in sufficient concentrations, in a conducive environment, in a
susceptible host and in the presence of an entry route (NOM-087-SEMARNAT-
SSA1-2002).

They are classified into:

The blood,
• The crops and strains of biological-infectious agents,
The pathological ones,
Non-anatomical waste, and
Sharp objects.

Classification of Hazardous Waste

Hazardous waste is classified as follows:

Hazardous Waste from a specific source.

Hazardous Waste from a non-specific source.
Hazardous waste from chemical products without specifications.
Hazardous waste with specific handling conditions.

Management of Hazardous Waste

Collection system
Treatment system
Storage system
Transportation system
Final disposal system

The hazardous waste generated at PEMEX in the largest volume is sludge.

oily substances, heavy chlorinated hydrocarbons, and spent caustics, these waste materials represent
69% of the total hazardous waste generated by the oil industry.

The special handling waste generated in the largest volume is the cuts.
from drilling produced by exploration, maintenance and
extraction of hydrocarbons and used oils. The drilling cuttings
they represent the largest volume of special waste management generation of all
the oil industry.

GENERAL CONCLUSION

With compliance with Mexican legislation and the adoption of the management system
environmental deterioration of the environment will be avoided.

By complying with environmental protection requirements, it will be

managing risks in facilities, to personnel, to the environment, of
all organizations, both from PEMEX and the suppliers or contractors and
your staff.

BIBLIOGRAPHY

ANNEX 'S'. 2010. Obligations of security, health at work and protection

environmental of the suppliers or contractors that perform activities in facilities
from PEMEX exploration and production. Fourth Version, Revision 01. May 2010.

Guide to Developing Emergency Response Plans in PEMEX Facilities

Exploration and Production. Key 202-11000-GSI-116-0001. March 2007, version
Zero.

General Law of Ecological Balance and Environmental Protection. November 2006.

General Law for the Prevention and Comprehensive Management of Waste. June 2007.

NOM-018-STPS-2000. System for the identification and communication of hazards and

risks from hazardous chemical substances in the workplaces.

NOM-052-SEMARNAT-2005. Which establishes the characteristics, the procedure of

identification, classification and listings of hazardous waste.

NOM-087-SEMARNAT-SSA1-2002. Environmental protection-environmental health-waste

biological-infectious hazards - classification and handling specifications.

Website: [Link] /Pages/

current Mexican official [Link]. Standards from the Ministry of Environment
and Natural Resources.
Website: [Link] Standards of the Secretary of
Labor and Social Welfare.

Regulation of the General Law for the Prevention and Comprehensive Management of Waste.
November 2006.

Regulation on Safety and Hygiene of Mexican Petroleum and Organizations

Subsidiaries. 2007. First update.

Editing date May 2011

Edition number 01
Version 1.0