SOLVED EXERCISES OF LINEAR PROGRAMMING USING THE

EXCEL SPREADSHEET (Solver)

(Exercises proposed by the students,)

They do not have a fixed order by difficulty or by type of

problems are included as they are sent by the
students)
TYPICAL PROBLEM:A company is going to launch to
Restriction 2: Radio advertising must be equal to 50% of
authorized advertising units.
market a new product. The promotion plans for the
next month are underway. The alternative means for R = 0.50 (T + R + P)
carry out the advertising as well as the costs and the audience
Estimated per advertising unit are shown below: Restriction that when simplified will be expressed as:

–0,50 T + 0,50 R–0,50 P = 0

TELEVISION RADIO PRESS
Restriction 3: The amount of units requested on television must
be at least 10% of the total authorized.
Audience per advertising unit 100,000 18,000 40,000
T ≥0.10 (T+R+P)
Cost per unit of advertising Bs. 2.000,00 Bs. 300.00 Bs. 600.00
Restriction that, when simplified, will be expressed as:
In order to achieve a balanced use of the media, the 0.90 T - 0.10 R - 0.10 P ≥ 0
radio advertising must be equal to 50% of units of
authorized advertising. In addition, the quantity of units
Requests on television must be at least 10% of the total.
authorized. The total budget for promotions has been DEPLOYMENTY SOLUTION OF THE MODEL
limited to Bs. 18,500.00. It is necessary to determine the optimal plan
LINEARPROGRAMMINGMATHEMATICS
to maximize the total audience or number of people that
look at the advertisement. EXCEL SPREADSHEET:

SOLUTION : To facilitate the "subsequent inquiries," it is recommended to identify the

tables in Excel, for this we use the first two rows.
Decision variables:
Place in ROW 3 the values that accompany the unknowns or
decision variables in the objective function Z.
T Advertising units to be hired on television.
RAdvertising units to be contracted on the radio.
PAdvertising units to be contracted in the press.

Objective: Maximize the total audience or the number of people who

look at the advertisement.

Z = 100,000 T + 18,000 R + 40,000 P

Restriction 1: Total budget for promotions has been limited to Bs.

18,500.00
2,000 T + 300 R + 600 P ≤ 18,500
SOLVED EXERCISES OF LINEAR PROGRAMMING Ing. José Luis Albornoz Salazar
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Introduce the constraints that appear in the mathematical model. Cell H5 =B5*B10+C5*C10+D5*D10
Be very careful in the use of signs.
Cell H6 =B6*B10+C6*C10+D6*D10
Note: To write the sign '=' in any cell, it is recommended to press
press the spacebar once and then ‘=’.
Cell H7 =B7*B10+C7*C10+D7*D10

Enter 'zeros' in the cells where you want them to be reflected.

{"resultados de“T”, “R” y “P” (eneste caso B10, C10 y D10).":"results of 'T', 'R', and 'P' (in this case B10, C10, and D10)."}

(In the spreadsheet, 'zeros' will initially be reflected)

Enter the objective function formula in cell H10.

Cell H10 =B3*B10+C3*C10+D3*D10

Enter the formulas in cells H5, H6, and H7; they will reflect the
values that the constraint conditions acquire once resolved the
problem.
Note: These formulas can be written using the board, or with the
use the "mouse" by placing it over the cell where the value is It will reflect the maximum value once 'Solver' is applied.
wants to introduce it by clicking on it.
Initially it will reflect zero.
SOLVED EXERCISES OF LINEAR PROGRAMMING Eng. José Luis Albornoz Salazar
2
 Once the model is introduced into the spreadsheet, it is simple.
analyze potential solutions. When values are given to the variables
of decision (cells B10, C10, and D10), column 'H' shows from
immediate values of each constraint condition (cells H5 to
H7) and cell H10 shows the total audience.

Do a test with this exercise and put "1" in the cells B10, In case your computer does not show in the 'Data' menu the
C10 and D10 respectively. If you have filled out your spreadsheet correctly in the command "Solver"; click on the "Office Button" that
the values we show will appear on your PC screen. find it in the top left corner of the screen; subsequently
continuation: click on "Excel Options" (bottom center); click
"Add-ons" (left side of the screen); click on the
box "go..." (central bottom part); click on the box that
is to the left of the word 'Solver' and once it appears
indicate the witness to click "cilc" on the word "Accept" (top)
right). At the end of these notes there is a 'guide'
Practice on how to install Solver in Windows 2007.

IMPORTANT NOTE: If when trying to install 'SOLVER' you receive a

message that its installation is not possible, most likely
you have installed on your computer the 'summary version' of
MICROSOFT OFFICE. In such a case, it is recommended to go to your supplier and

To calculate the maximum Z value, a tool is used that demand that you install the 'full version'.
includes Excel called "SOLVER".
Once installed, click on 'Solver' and a box will be displayed.
To run the Solver, first click on the 'Data' menu. Solver Parameters

Later click on the "SOLVER" logo at the bottom

top right of the screen.
SOLVED EXERCISES OF LINEAR PROGRAMMING Ing. José Luis Albornoz Salazar
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 Before 'Solver' can solve the problem, it needs to know A dialog box will appear on the screen at this moment.
exactly where the components of the model are located on the sheet Add Restriction
of calculation. It is possible to write the cell addresses or do
click on them.

In the upper left corner of the displayed dialog box, where

the 'Target cell' is requested to place $H$10. (It's more convenient
place over cell H10 and click

In the white circles where the 'Target cell value' is requested

indicate "Maximum". The mathematical model requires maximizing Z. (click here)
about the word maximum). Set: $H$5 <= $F$5

In the central left space, where it says "Changing the You are 'ordering' the program what is going to be spent on
"cells" indicate the cells where it was previously proposed that they advertising must be less than Bs. 18,500.00
They will show the results of each unknown. In this case, they are the cells.
Remember that it is easier to 'click' on the cells and the sign that is
B10, C10, and D10, place $B$10:$D$10. (It can also be placed with
quieren indicar que escribirlos.
the "mouse" over cell B10, keeping the button pressed
left can "drag the mouse" to cell D10.

Now click on "Add" and enter the second restriction:

In the blank space, in the bottom left, "Held to the

next Restrictions 'indicate the restrictions or conditions of
problem, for which click on 'Add'.
SOLVED EXERCISES OF LINEAR PROGRAMMING Ing. José Luis Albornoz Salazar- 4 -
The program is being "ordered" to –0.50 T + 0.50 R – 0.50 P = 0 Before asking "Solver" to solve the model, click on the
box "Options" (central right side) and the box will appear
Note: Be very careful when entering the restrictions, especially with Solver Options Dialog
the signs of inequality or equality (is the most common mistake that
comet).

Now click on "Add" and enter the third restriction:

The program is being "ordered" that 0.90 T - 0.10 R - 0.10 P ≥ 0

As all the restrictions have already been introduced click This panel allows you to specify the options for solving the model. It
"Accept" and the dialog box summarizing the model will appear. The most important options are "Adopt Linear Model" and "Adopt
complete. no negatives" (make sure to click on them and that they turn on
the witnesses).

By clicking on 'Accept' (top right), you return to the box.

"Solver Parameters" dialog

SOLVED EXERCISES OF LINEAR PROGRAMMING Ing. José LuisAlbornozSalazar- 5 -

Now everything is ready to click on 'Resolve' and after a few In many practical problems, the decision variables or
seconds Solver will indicate the results in cells B10, C10, and D10, and unknowns have a real sense if their value is an integer. For example, if
the maximum value of the function will appear in the target cell (H10) they represent the number of units that need to be built, people
objective (Zmáx). In the final table 'Solver Results', click on that should be assigned to an activity, vehicles to manufacture or sell,
Accept. (First check if Solver has found a solution). machines to produce or use, etc.

In this particular case, we want to determine the number of

advertising units. When observing the results we can notice that
the same are indicated with decimals and the response is not logical.

In these cases, IT IS NOT RECOMMENDED TO DO

APPROXIMATIONS, errors are generally made when this happens.
We should approach it as a PROGRAMMING problem.
INTEGRAL LINEAR.

An Integer Linear Programming problem is deployed in

EXCEL as we have done with this one, but with a restriction
additional that OBLIGATES the values assigned to the unknowns
let them be positive integers.
And the results sheet will appear:
In this case, we must go back to the step "ADD RESTRICTION" and
add:

I repeat, we are ordering SOLVER that the results be

positive integers since they are units of advertising.

Solution: Click on 'Accept' and the Parameters box will be displayed.

Complete solver:
SOLVED EXERCISES OF LINEAR PROGRAMMING Engineer José Luis Albornoz Salazar- 6 -
 The results of this exercise are "read" from the
the following way:

Three (3) units of advertising will be hired in

Television (T = 3.00), fifteen (15) units of
publicidad en Radio (R = 15,00) y doce unidades de
press advertising (P = 12.00) to maximize the
total audience or number of people who watch the
advertising.

The maximum audience will be 1,050,000 people

(Zmáxima).

Now click on 'Resolve' and the solution will be presented with

integer numbers: PROBLEM2 :There are 120 cola sodas available with
caffeine and 180 caffeine-free cola soft drinks. The soft drinks are
they are sold in packages of two types. Type A packages
contain three caffeinated sodas and three caffeine-free ones, and those with
Type B contains two with caffeine and four without caffeine. The
The seller earns 6 euros for each package of type A that he sells and 5
euros for each one sold of type B. Calculate in a way
reasoned how many packages of each type must be sold to
maximize the benefits and calculate it.

SOLUTION :

Variables :ANumber of packets 'A' to sell.

BQuantity of packages 'B' to sell.

Objective Function: Z = 6A + 5B (utility to maximize)

Restrictions: It is recommended to create a table that reflects everything.

the information available to better visualize the restrictions of
Solution:
problem:
SOLVED EXERCISES OF LINEAR PROGRAMMING Ing. José Luis Albornoz Salazar
7
 A B Availability Restrictions: It is recommended to create a table that reflects everything
Caffeinated soft drink 3 2 120 the information available to better visualize the restrictions of
Caffeine-free soft drink 3 4 180 problem :

D1 D2 Requirement
Constraint 1: 3A + 2B ≤ 120 (with caffeine)
Constraint 2: 3A + 4B ≤ 180 (without caffeine) Component A units. 2 1 70
Component B units 3 2 120
Restriction 1: 2 D1+ 1 D2≥70(component A)
Restriction 2: 3 D1+ 2 D2≥120(componente B)

Solution :

20 packets of type 'A' and 30 packets of the

type "B" generating a maximum benefit of 270.00 euros.

You must consume 20 diets 'D1' and 30 diets 'D2' generating

PROBLEM 3:A person to recover from a a minimum cost of €93.50.
a certain disease requires taking two types in your diet
of components that we will call A and B. It needs to take 70
units of A and 120 units of B. The doctor gives him two types of
diets in which the concentration of said components is:
PROBLEM4 :It is intended to cultivate on a terrain two
types of olives: A and B. It is not possible to cultivate more than 8 hectares.
. diet D1: 2 units of A and 3 units of B
. Diet D21 unit of A and 2 units of B. type A olive trees, nor more than 10 hectares with type B olives. Each
Knowing that the price of diet D1It is €2.5 and the diet D one.2 one hectare of type A olive trees needs 4 m3annual water and
It is €1.45. What is the optimal distribution for the lowest cost? each of type B, 3 m344 m is available annually.3of
water. Each hectare of type A requires an investment of 500€ and
SOLUTION : each of type B, €225. €4500 is available to make
this investment. If each hectare of olive grove of type A and B
Variables: D1= Amount of diet D1to consume. they produce, respectively, 500 and 300 liters of oil annually:
a) Reasoned obtain the hectares of each type of olive tree
D2Amount of diet D2to consume.
what should be planted to maximize oil production.
Función Objetivo : Z = 2,5 D1+ 1.45 D2(cost to minimize) b) Obtain the maximum production.
SOLVED EXERCISES OF LINEAR PROGRAMMING Ing. José LuisAlbornozSalazar
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 SOLUCIÓN : PROBLEM5 : A company manufactures two models of
Variables : AAmount of hectares of olive type 'A'. sofa covers, A and B, that leave benefits of 40 and 20
euros respectively. For each case of model A
BAmount of hectares of olive type 'B'. They need 4 hours of work and 3 units of fabric. To manufacture
Función Objetivo : Z = 500A + 300B (production to maximize) One of model B requires 3 hours of work and 5 units.
of screen. The company has 48 hours of work and 60
Restrictions: It is recommended to create a table that reflects everything. screen units. If at most 9 covers can be made of the
the available information to better visualize the restrictions of the Model A. How many cases of each model need to be manufactured?
problem: to obtain the maximum benefit and what would this be?

A B Availability
M annual water
3 4 3 44 SOLUTION:
Investment 500,00 225.00 4,500.00
Maximum amount to cultivate 8 10 Variables :
ANumber of type 'A' bags to be manufactured.
Constraint 1: 4A + 3B ≤ 44 (water)
BQuantity of type 'B' bags to be manufactured.
Constraint 2: 500A + 225B ≤ 4,500 (investment)
Restriction 3: No more than 8 hectares of Type A olives can be cultivated. Objective Function:
A≤8 Z = 40A + 20B (benefit to maximize)
Restriction 4: No more than 10 hectares with type B olive trees
Restrictions: It is recommended to create a table where everything is reflected.
B≤10 the available information to better visualize the restrictions of
problem:

A B Availability
Working hours 4 3 48
Screen units 3 5 60
Maximum quantity to be manufactured 9

Restriction 1: 4A + 3B ≤ 48 (working hours)

Constraint 2: 3A + 5B ≤ 60 (units of fabric)
Restriction 3: At most 9 covers of model 'A' can be made.
6 hectares should be cultivated with olive trees of type 'A' and 6.67 of type
A≤9
"B" generating a maximum output of 5,000 liters of oil.
SOLVED EXERCISES OF LINEAR PROGRAMMING Ing. José Luis Albornoz Salazar
9
 A + B ≤ 210,000
Restriction 2: We decided to invest a maximum of 130,000 euros in the
of type A
A≤130,000
Restriction 3: and at least 60,000 in those of type B
B≥60,000
Constraint 4: We also want the investment in type A to be
less than double the investment in B.
A is less than or equal to 2B

To introduce restriction 4 in the Excel spreadsheet or in any

9 covers of type 'A' and 4 of type 'B' must be manufactured. another program to solve Linear Programming problems, it
generating a maximum profit of 440.00 euros. it must be arranged in such a way that the unknowns are on one side
left of the inequality sign and the number on the right side. In this
case will remain:
A–2B≤0
PROBLEM 6 : We have 210,000 euros for
invest in the stock market. They recommend two types of stocks. The
of type A, which yield 10% and those of type B, which yield 8%.
We decided to invest a maximum of 130,000 euros in those of type A.
and at least 60,000 in type B. We also want that
the investment in type A should be less than double that of the
investment in B. What should the distribution be
investment to obtain the maximum annual interest?

SOLUTION :

Variables : AMoney to invest in type 'A' stocks.

BMoney to invest in type 'B' stocks.

Objective Function: Z = 0.10 A + 0.08 B maximize interest

Remember that 10% = 0.10 and 8% = 0.08

Restrictions: An investment of 130,000.00 euros should be made in type 'A' shares and
80,000.00 in type 'B' and this will generate 19,400.00 euros of
Restriction 1: We have 210,000 euros to invest in the stock market. maximum annual interest.

SOLVED EXERCISES OF LINEAR PROGRAMMING Engineer José Luis Albornoz Salazar

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PROBLEM7 : In a pastry shop, two types are made
cakes: Viennese and Real. Each Viennese cake needs a quarter of
filling and 1 kg of cake produces a profit of 250 Pts.
while a Royal cake requires half a kg of filling and a
Kg. of cake and produces 400 Ptas. of profit. In the
Pastry shop can produce up to 150 kg daily.
sponge cake and 50 kg of filling, although due to problems of
machines cannot make more than 125 cakes of each type.
How many Viennese cakes and how many Reales should they sell per day?
so that the benefit is maximized?

SOLUTION :
100 Viennese cakes and 50 Royal cakes must be sold daily.
Variables: VNumber of Viennese cakes to be sold per day. to obtain a maximum profit of 45,000.00 pesetas.
RNumber of Royal cakes to sell per day.

Objective Function: Z = 250V + 400R (benefit to maximize) PROBLEM8 :A company owns two mines: the mine
Produces 1 ton of high-quality iron every day, 3
Restrictions: It is recommended to create a table that reflects all
tons of medium quality and 5 of low quality. Mine B
the information available to better visualize the restrictions of the
produce 2 tons of each of the three qualities every day.
problem:
The company needs at least 80 tons of high-grade ore.
quality, 160 tons of medium quality and 200 of low quality.
V R Availability
Knowing that the daily cost of the operation is 2000 euros
Filling 0.25 0.50 50 how many days must each mine work for the
Sponge cake 1 1 150 minimum cost?
Maximum production 125 125
SOLUTION :

Restriction 1: 0.25 V + 0.50 R ≤ 50 (filler) Variables : MADays to work in the Mine A.

Constraint 2: 1 V + 1 R ≤ 150 (cake) MBDays to work at the mine B...
Restriction 3: No more than 125 Viennese cakes can be made.
Objective Function: Z = 2.000 MA+ 2.000 MB (cost at
V≤125 minimize
Restriction 4: No more than 125 Royal cakes can be made.
Restrictions: It is recommended to create a table that reflects everything
R≤125 the available information to better visualize the restrictions of
problem :
SOLVED EXERCISES IN LINEAR PROGRAMMING Ing. José Luis Albornoz Salazar
11
 MA MB Requirement Variables: ENumber of electricians to choose from.
High-quality iron (ton.) 1 2 80 MNumber of mechanics to choose from.
Medium quality iron (tons.) 3 2 160
Low quality iron (ton.) 5 2 200 Función Objetivo : Z = 250 E + 200 M (beneficio a maximizar)
Restriction 1: 1 MA+ 2 MB>=80 (high quality) Restrictions:
Restriction 2: 3 MA+ 2 MB>=160(media quality) Restriction 1: It is necessary that there is a greater or equal number of
Restriction 3: 5 MA+ 2 MB≥200 (low quality) mechanics than electricians.
M≥E can be ordered as -E + M ≥ 0

Restriction 2: and that the number of mechanics does not exceed double that
of electricians

M≤2E which can be arranged as -2E + M ≤ 0

Restriction 3 and 4: There are a total of 30 electricians and 20 available.

mechanics.
E≤30
M≤20

You must work 40 days in Mine 'A' and 20 days in the Mine.
"B" for the cost to be minimal (120,000.00 euros).

PROBLEM 9:A plant is going to be organized for a

automobile workshop where electricians are going to work
mechanics. Due to market demands, it is necessary for there to be
equal or greater number of mechanics than electricians and that the
the number of mechanics does not exceed double that of electricians.
In total, there are 30 electricians and 20 mechanics available.
the company's profit per shift is 250 euros.
electrician and 200 euros per mechanic. How many workers of
each class should be chosen to obtain the maximum benefit and
What is this? 20 electricians and 20 mechanics must be chosen to obtain
SOLUTION : a maximum benefit of 9,000.00 euros.
SOLVED EXERCISES OF LINEAR PROGRAMMING Ing. José Luis Albornoz Salazar
12
PROBLEM 10 :The company ESPECIAS INDIAN Restriction 5: The unused and used ounces of HB2 must
add 8,500 ounces
C.A. has a limited stock of two herbs that are used in the
HB2+ 3 C + 3 P = 8.500
production of dressings. INDIAN uses both ingredients, HB1
and HB2, to produce either curry or paprika. The department
of marketing informs that although the company can sell
all the paprika that can be produced can only be sold up to
a maximum of 1500 bottles of curry. The unused herbs
they can be sold for $375 an ounce of HB1 and $167 an ounce of
HB2. Determine the consumption of spices that maximizes the
Company income.

1,500 bottles of curry and 1,250 bottles of

SOLUTION : paprika and 250 ounces of 'HB2' will be sold that were not used.
Variables : Everything will generate a maximum income of $5,791,750.00.
CQuantity of curry bottles to be produced.
PNumber of bottles of paprika to produce.
HB1Unused HB1 ounces to sell.
PROBLEM11 :Some department stores commission to
HB2Unused HB2 ounces for sale.
a manufacturer of sports pants and jackets. The manufacturer
Función objetivo: Z = 2.750 C + 1.300 P + 375 HB1+ 167 HB2 available for the production of 750 m of cotton fabric and 1000
made of polyester fabric. Each pair of pants requires 1 meter of cotton.
Restrictions: 2 m of polyester, each jacket requires 1.5 m of cotton and 1
made of polyester. The price of the pants is set at €50 and that of the
Restriction 1: Ounces of HB1 used in each bottle of dressing:
jacket at 40€. What size of pants and jackets should
5 C + 2 P ≤10.000 supply the manufacturer to the warehouses so that they
Restriction 2: Ounces of HB2 used in each bottle of dressing: achieve maximum sales?
3 C + 3P ≤ 8.500 SOLUTION :
Restriction 3: Only up to 1,500 bottles of curry can be sold.
C≤1.500 Variables : PAmount of pants to supply.
Restriction 4: The unused and used ounces of HB1 must
CAmount of jackets to be supplied.
add 10,000 ounces
Función Objetivo : Z = 50 P + 40 C (sale to maximize)
HB1+ 5 C + 2 P = 10.000
SOLVED EXERCISES ON LINEAR PROGRAMMING Eng. José Luis Albornoz Salazar
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Restrictions: It is recommended to create a table that reflects everything SOLUTION :
the information available to better visualize the restrictions of the
problem: Variables : ANumber of type A trucks to be used.
BNumber of type B trucks to be used.
P C Availability
Cotton fabric 1 1.5 750 Objective Function: Z = 30 A + 40 B cost to minimize
Polyester fabric 2 1 1,000
Restrictions: It is recommended to create a table that reflects all
Constraint 1: 1 P + 1.5 C ≤750 (cotton) the information available to better visualize the restrictions of
problem.
Restriction 2: 2 P + 1 C ≤ 1,000 (polyester)
How is it said that type B trucks have the same cubic capacity as the
of type A, means they have a total space of 60 m3(20+40). And how
It is specified that 50% is refrigerated and 50% is non-refrigerated.
Type B trucks will be 30 and 30.

A B Requirement
Refrigerated space 20 30 3,000
Uncooled space 40 30 4,000
Restriction 1: 20 A + 30 B ≥ 3,000 (refrigerated space)
Constraint 2: 40 A + 30 B ≥ 4,000 (non-refrigerated space)
Restriction 3: Since the variables or unknowns are quantities of
trucks to be used, the results must be whole numbers
positives (INTEGER LINEAR PROGRAMMING)
375 pants and 250 jackets must be supplied.
to achieve a maximum sale of 28,750.00 euros.

PROBLEM12 :A transport company has two

types of trucks, type A with a refrigerated space of
20 m3and an unrefrigerated space of 40 m3. Those of type B, with
same total cubage, 50% refrigerated and non-refrigerated. The
contracted for the transport of 3,000 m3of product that
requires cooling and 4,000 m3of another who does not need it. The
The cost per kilometer for a type A truck is €30 and for type B is
40€. How many trucks of each type does he need to use for it to 51 trucks of type 'A' and 66 of type 'B' will be used.
Should the total cost be minimum?
generating a minimum cost of 4,170.00 euros per kilometer.
SOLVED EXERCISES OF LINEAR PROGRAMMING Ing. José Luis Albornoz Salazar
14
 Vamos a aprovechar este ejercicio para demostrar PROBLEM 13 :On a chicken farm, there is a
what we have said previously regarding
diet, to gain weight, with a minimum composition of 15
that the approaches of the
units of a substance A and another 15 of a substance B.
results.
the market only has two types of compounds: type X
with a composition of one unit of A and five of B, and the other type,
If SOLVER is not "ordered" that the results have to be And with a composition of five units of A and one of B. The
positive integers the result will be the following: precio del tipo X es de 10 euros y del tipo Y es de 30€.¿Qué
amounts to be purchased of each type to cover the
needs at minimal cost?
SOLUTION :

Variables : XAmount of compound X to buy.

YAmount of compound Y to buy.
Objective Function: Z = 10 X + 30 Y (cost to minimize)
Restrictions: It is recommended to create a table that reflects everything
the information available to better visualize the restrictions of
problem.
If we make the approximation and say that we should use 67
X Y Requirement
type B trucks, the obtained values will be: Units of substance A 1 5 15
Substance units B 5 1 15

Restriction 1: 1 X + 5 Y ≥ 15 (Substance units A)

Restriction 2: 5 X + 1 Y ≥15 (Units of substance B)

Note that the minimum cost is €4,180.00, which is greater than the
4,170.00€ that are obtained when we use Linear Programming
Entera (Restriction 3 of this exercise)

RESOLVED_EXERCISES_OF_LINEAR_PROGRAMMING Ing. José Luis Albornoz Salazar

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PROBLEM 14:A school is preparing a trip 7 large buses and 2 buses must be used.
small generating a minimum expense of 7,100.00 euros.
for 320 students. The transport company has 10 buses
of 20 places and 8 of 42 places, but only has 9
drivers. The rental of a large bus costs €900 and the
for a small one 400€. Calculate how many buses of each type
It is necessary to use to make the excursion as economical as possible. PROBLEM15 :A installation company has
possible for the school. of 195 kg of copper, 20 kg of titanium and 14 kg of aluminum. For
SOLUTION : to manufacture 100 meters of type A cable, 10 kg of are needed
copper, 2 of titanium and 1 of aluminum, while for manufacturing
Variables : GNumber of large buses to be used. 100 meters of type B cable require 15 kg of copper, 1 of
PNumber of small buses to be used. titanium and 1 of aluminum. The profit obtained per 100
cable type A is 1500 euros, and for 100 meters of
Objective Function : Z = 900 G + 400 P (cost to minimize) Type B cable, 1000 euros. Calculate the meters of each cable.
Restrictions: Restriction 1: The students who "fit" in a certain type that must be manufactured to maximize the profit of the
number of large buses plus those that "fit" in the buses company. Obtain said maximum benefit.
small must be greater than or equal to 320.
SOLUTION :
42 G + 20 P ≥ 320
Constraint 2 and 3: The transport company has 10 buses of 20 Variables : In the problem formulation we notice that all the
squares and 8 out of 42 squares. data refers to 100 meters of cable, based on this we can
define the variables as:
P≤10 ; G ≤ 8
ANumber of 100 meter "rolls" of cable
Restriction 4: But it only has 9 drivers (if there are 9)
of type A to be manufactured.
drivers cannot be assigned more than 9 buses
BNumber of 100 meters "rolls" of cable
1G+1P≤9 of type B to be manufactured.
Restriction 5: The values must be positive integers (buses).

Objective Function: Z = 1.500 A + 1.000 B (maximize)

Restrictions: It is recommended to create a table that reflects all

the information available to better visualize the restrictions of
problem.

A B Availability
Kilograms of Copper 10 15 195
Kilograms of Titanium 2 1 20
Kilograms of Aluminum 1 1 14

SOLVED EXERCISES OF LINEAR PROGRAMMING Ing. José Luis Albornoz Salazar

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Restriction 1: 10 A + 15 B ≤ 195 (Kgs. of copper) Variables :
Constraint 2: 2 A + 1 B ≤ 20 (Kgs. of titanium) ANumber of batches A to prepare.
BNumber of batches B to prepare.
Constraint 3: 1 A + 1 B ≤ 14 (Kgs. of aluminum)
Función Objetivo : Z = 8 A + 10 B–1.500(maximizar)
Note that in the objective function, the subtraction of 1,500 euros has been indicated.
that should be deducted from the profits.
Restrictions: It is recommended to create a table that reflects everything
the available information to better visualize the restrictions of
problem.

A B Availability
Swimwear 1 2 1,600
Swimming goggles 1 1 1.000
Shower caps 1 800
Restriction 1: 1 A + 2 B ≤ 1.600 (swimsuits)
Constraint 2: 1A + 1 B ≤ 1,000 (swimming goggles)
Restriction 3: 1 A ≤800 (bath caps)
The maximum benefit amounts to 17,000.00 euros and is obtained
manufacturing 600 meters (6 rolls of 100 meters) of type A cable and
800 meters (8 rolls of 100 meters) of type B.

PROBLEM 16:A clothing establishment

Sports has stored 1600 swimsuits, 1000 sunglasses
bathroom and 800 shower caps. The goal is to encourage the purchase of
these products through the offer of two types of lots: lot A,
which produces a profit of 8 euros, consisting of a swimsuit,
a hat and some glasses, and lot B that generates a profit of
10 euros and it consists of two swimsuits and some glasses.
Knowing that the advertising for this offer will have a cost of
1,500 euros to be deducted from the profits, it is requested to calculate the
number of lots A and B that will maximize the profit and a
how much does this amount to.
400 lots of A and 600 lots of B must be prepared to obtain the
maximum benefit amounting to 7,700.00 euros.
SOLUTION :
SOLVED EXERCISES OF LINEAR PROGRAMMING Ing. José Luis Albornoz Salazar
17
PROBLEMA17 :The oil blend is desired. Restriction 3: Although it is not mentioned in the problem, the sum of
the proportions of each crude must equal one.
from crudes of different origins, each of the
which have different characteristics. In the attached table, there K + A + N + V = 1,00
they detail the different crudes (4 in total) and their main characteristics
important: the percentage of sulfur, the density and the
price per ton in pesetas.

It is required that the mixture has specific characteristics that

they translate into a percentage of 40% sulfur content and
a density equal to 91%. It is desired that the price of the mixture
be minimal. The optimal blend must contain 33% of crude coming from
SOLUTION : Norway and 67% of crude oil from Venezuela generating a
Variables : minimum expenditure of 35,666.67 pesetas per ton.
KAmount of crude oil coming from Kuwait.
AAmount of crude oil coming from Arabia.
NQuantity of crude oil from Norway.
VAmount of crude oil coming from Venezuela. PROBLEM 18:A perfumery produces the perfume
"OXES". This perfume requires Essence and Fixative for its
Objective Function: (minimize the cost of the mix) production. Two processes are available. The process "A"
transform 1 ounce of fixer and 2 ounces of essence into 3 ounces of
Z = 35.000 K + 31.000 A + 39.000 N + 34.000 V perfume. Process "B" transforms 2 ounces of fixative and 3 ounces
of essence in 5 ounces of perfume. Each ounce of fixative costs you
Restrictions: to the perfumery Bs. 10,000.00 and each ounce of essence Bs.
15,000.00. There is a maximum availability of 200 ounces of
Restriction 1: It is required that the mixture has certain characteristics. fixative and a maximum of 350 ounces of essence for this period
concrete that translates into a 40% content percentage of of planning. To stimulate demand, perfumery has
sulfur hired an advertisement for a total cost of Bs.
0,45 K + 0,40 A + 0,38 N + 0,41 V = 0,40 4,000,000.00. The perfume is sold in one-ounce containers for Bs.
Restriction 2: and a density equal to 91%. 40,000.00 each. Determine the optimal production that allows
obtain the maximum utility taking into account that it must be
0,91 K + 0,95 A + 0,89 N + 0,92 V = 0,91 produce only what is going to be canned.
SOLVED EXERCISES OF LINEAR PROGRAMMING Engineer José Luis Albornoz Salazar
18
 SOLUTION : Restrictions: It is recommended to create a table that reflects everything
the information available to better visualize the restrictions of
Variables : problem.
AAmount of ounces of perfume made with the
process "A". A B Availability
Ounces of Fixative 1/3 2/5 200
BAmount of ounces of perfume made with the Ounces of Essence 2/3 3/5 350
process "B".
Constraint 1: 1/3 A + 2/5 B ≤ 200 (fixed)
Función Objetivo : Como se nos habla de maximizar la utilidad lo Constraint 2: 2/3 A + 3/5 B ≤ 350 (essence)
the first thing we need to do is calculate the profit of each ounce of
perfume. Restriction 3: As only what is going to be produced should be produced
we are facing a programming problem
If we take into account that profit is equal to the selling price minus Whole Linear (positive integer results).
the cost price, and we already know the selling price (Bs. 40,000.00),
we only need to know the cost price. Some students, for convenience, express the values in decimals.
leaving the table and the restrictions as shown below:
Cost of each ounce of perfume made with process 'A':
A B Availability
The process "A" transforms 1 ounce of fixer and 2 ounces of essence into 3. Ounces of Fixative 0.33 0.40 200
ounces of perfume. This indicates that each ounce of perfume uses 1/3 Ounces of Essence 0.67 0.60 350
of fixer and 2/3 of essence. Then the cost will be:
Constraint 1: 0.33 A + 0.40 B ≤ 200 (fixer)
(1/3).(10.000) + (2/3).(15.000) = 3.333,33 + 10.000 = 13.333,33
Restriction 2: 0.67 A + 0.60 B ≤ 350 (essence)
Cost of each ounce of perfume made with process 'B': Using decimals the solution will be:
The process "A" transforms 2 ounces of fixer and 3 ounces of essence into 5.
ounces of perfume. This indicates that each ounce of perfume uses 2/5
of fixer and 3/5 of essence. Then the cost will be:
(2/5).(10.000) + (3/5).(15.000) = 4.000 + 9.000 = 13.000,00

Profit of A = 40,000.00 - 13,333.33 = 26,666.67

Utility of B = 40,000.00 - 13,000.00 = 27,000.00

Considering that to stimulate demand, the perfumery has

hired an advertisement for a total cost of Bs. 4,000,000.00.
Z = 26,666.67 A + 27,000 B - 4,000,000.00

SOLVED EXERCISES OF LINEAR PROGRAMMING Ing. José Luis Albornoz Salazar

- 19 -
Using fractions the solution will be: At least 25 large paintings are sold for every 60 paintings.
small. The profit margin for small frames,
mediums and large are $22, $35 and $45 respectively,
How many squares of each type need to be made for the
is utility maximized?

SOLUTION:
Variables :
PNumber of small frames to manufacture.
MQuantity of medium-sized frames to be manufactured.
GNumber of large frames to be manufactured.

Función Objetivo : Z = 22 P + 35 M + 45 G (maximizar utilidad))

Note that in the second case the values of the unknowns or variables of
decisions are greater and the same happens with the objective function Restrictions: It is recommended to create a table that reflects everything.
(Maximum). This happens because when using decimals with the information available to better visualize the restrictions of
approximation carries errors that affect the final result. Therefore problem.
It is always recommended to work with fractions.
To create the table, several aspects must be taken into account:
300 ounces of perfume must be manufactured using process 'A' and First: From a plywood sheet, 12 squares can be obtained.
250 with process 'B' generating a maximum profit of Bs. small 8 medium or 5 large. This means that a square
10,750,001.00 small requires 1/12 sheet of plywood, a medium frame requires
1/8 of a sheet and one large requires 1/5 of a sheet.
Second: The yarn used in each square is expressed in
PROBLEMA19 :A craftsman makes and sells paintings. meters and it is said that there are 68 rolls of yarn of 500 meters
each one. It is necessary to express what you have in yarn in meters,
fabrics, of which there are three types: the small, the medium, and the Then (68).(500) = 34,000 meters of yarn available.
large. The first requires plywood, 200 meters of yarn and 85
nails; the second needs plywood, 300 meters of thread and
100 nails; the third one uses plywood, 400 meters of yarn and P M G Availability
125 nails. From a sheet of plywood, 12 squares can be obtained. Plywood Sheets 1/12 1/8 1/5 15
small or 8 medium or 5 large. Each month there are 15 Yards of Yarn 200 300 400 34,000
plywood sheets, 68 rolls of yarn of 500 meters each and Nails 85 100 125 12,500
12,500 nails. The small frame requires 3 hours, the Working hours 3 5 6 530
medium takes 5 hours and the large takes 6 hours for its preparation.
Constraint 1: 1/12 P + 1/8 M + 1/5 G ≤ 15 (triplex)
Monthly, 530 hours are available for manufacturing
the paintings. The experience gained from sales shows Restriction 2: 200 P + 300 M + 400 G ≤ 34,000 (yarn)
SOLVED EXERCISES OF LINEAR PROGRAMMING Ing. José Luis Albornoz Salazar
20
Constraint 3: 85 P + 100 M + 125 G ≤ 12,500 (nails) PROBLEM 20 :Due to the heavy rains of the
Constraint 4: 3 P + 5 M + 6 G ≤ 530 (working hours) last days in the south, the company 'Stop-rain' dedicated to
the umbrella sector has seen an increase in demand for
Restriction 5: The experience of sales shows that their products. The umbrellas are assembled on two floors, according to the
A minimum of 25 large frames are sold for every 60 frames.
next table:
little.

Be very careful when expressing this restriction, it is very common.

that students make the mistake of expressing 25 G≥60 P. The
It is correct to express it by recalling what was learned in high school.
(proportions) and can be done in two ways: Four chain stores are interested in acquiring the
umbrella, with the following characteristics:

Any of these two inequalities, when isolated, will result in:

Restriction 5: -25 P + 60 G ≥ 0
The transportation cost to each store (fixed) is shown in the
next table :

Determine the best delivery decision for the company

umbrella manufacturer.
SOLUTION:
In the analysis and solution of this type of problems it is
it's advisable to create the charts or tables that best show everything
information of interest. One of the most used tables is similar to the
cost matrix of the transportation method but adapted to each one of
the aspects we want to visualize better.
In this particular case, it would be very useful to know the usefulness.
what the factory will obtain for the sale of each umbrella to each of the 4
chains of interested department stores.
60 small frames and 40 frames must be made.
Knowing what utility is the difference between selling price and
mediums and 25 large frames and their sale will generate a profit
costs we are going to build each of the tables that show this
maximum of $3,845.00.
information:
SOLVED EXERCISES OF LINEAR PROGRAMMING Ing. José Luis Albornoz Salazar
21
Price that each chain of department stores is willing to pay for each say: the selling price (3700) minus the production cost (2300)
umbrella minus the transportation cost (800).

Chain Chain Chain Chain Capacity 4) Each umbrella manufactured in Plant B and sold to the
1 2 3 4 Production Chain 2 will have a utility of 3700 - 2500 - 400 = 800. It is
Plant A 3900 3700 4000 3600 2600 say: the selling price (3700) minus the production cost (2500)
Plant B 3900 3700 4000 3600 1800 minus the transportation cost (400).
Max. Demand 1800 2100 550 1750
Each umbrella manufactured at Plant A and sold to the
Chain 3 will have a utility of 4000 - 2300 - 1100 = 600. It is
Production cost per umbrella: say: the selling price (4000) minus the production cost (2300)
Chain Chain Chain Chain Capacity minus the transportation cost (1100).
1 2 3 4 Production Each umbrella manufactured in Plant B and sold to the
Plant A 2300 2300 2300 2300 2600 Chain 3 will have a profit of 4000 - 2500 - 800 = 700. It is
Plant B 2500 2500 2500 2500 1800 to say: the selling price (4000) minus the production cost (2500)
Max. Demand 1800 2100 550 1750 minus the transportation cost (800).

Transport cost to each store: Each umbrella manufactured in Plant A and sold to
Chain 4 will have a profit of 3600 - 2300 - 900 = 400. That is to say
Chain Chain Chain Chain Capacity the selling price (3600) minus the production cost (2300)
1 2 3 4 Production minus the transportation cost (900).
Plant A 600 800 1100 900 2600
Plant B 1200 400 800 500 1800 8) Each umbrella manufactured in Plant B that is sold to the
Channel 4 will have a profit of 3600 - 2500 - 500 = 600. It is
Max. Demand 1800 2100 550 1750
say: the selling price (3600) minus the production cost (2500)
minus the transportation cost (500).
To build the utility table we must take into account
next: Utility per umbrella:
Each umbrella manufactured in Plant A and sold to the Chain Chain Chain Chain Capacity
Chain 1 will have a profit of 3900 - 2300 - 600 = 1000. It is 1 2 3 4 Production
say: the selling price (3900) minus the production cost (2300) Plant A 1000 600 600 400 2600
minus the transport cost (600).
Plant B 200 800 700 600 1800
Each umbrella manufactured in Plant B and sold to the Max. Demand 1800 2100 550 1750
Chain 1 will have a utility of 3900 - 2500 - 1200 = 200. It is
If to the quantities of umbrellas that will be sent from each
say: the selling price (3900) minus the production cost (2500) we call each chain of department stores as:
minus the transportation cost (1200).
Chain 1 Chain 2 Chain 3 Chain 4
Each umbrella manufactured at Plant A and sold to the Plant A A1 A2 A3 A4
Chain 2 will have a profit of 3700 - 2300 - 800 = 600. It is Plant B B1 B2 B3 B4

SOLVED EXERCISES OF LINEAR PROGRAMMING Ing. José Luis Albornoz Salazar

22
The objective function will be defined as: (maximize utility) 300 umbrellas will be sent from Plant A to the
Chain 2
Z= 1000 A1+ 600 A2+ 600 A3+ 400 A4+ 200 B1+ 800 B2 500 umbrellas will be sent from Plant A to the
+ 700 B3+ 600 B4 Chain 3
From Plant B, 1800 umbrellas will be sent to the
Subject to the following restrictions: Chain 2
1) A1+A2+A3+A4≤2600 (Production capacity The total profit that will be obtained from this sale is
$3,720,000.00
from Plant A)
2)B1+ B2+ B3+ B4≤1800 (Production capacity This exercise can also be solved using the same
format of the Transportation Method in EXCEL with the caveat that in
from the Plant B)
instead of 'minimizing costs' we must ask SOLVER to 'maximize'
3)A1+ B1≤1800 (Maximum demand of Chain 1) utilities. This allows for easier focus and above all visualizing
4)A2+ B2≤2100 (Maximum demand of Chain 2) immediately the obtained solution.
5)A3+ B3 ≤550 (Maximum demand of Chain 3) At the end of these notes (Appendices) you will find a
6)A4+ B4≤1750 (Maximum demand of Chain 4) guide
Practice on How to Unfold and Solve a P
oak wood
Transport in the Excel spreadsheet.

The solution reads:

From Plant A, 1800 umbrellas will be sent to the

Chain 1

SOLVED EXERCISES OF LINEAR PROGRAMMING Ing. José Luis Albornoz Salazar

23
 The administration wishes to determine the best plan
shipping cost of the mineral from the mines to the plant.
Formulate and solve with a linear programming model.

The solution is the same as that obtained with the method of SOLUTION :
linear programming, but here we observe the results better, Identifying the unknowns: As the problem consists of determining
we clearly see that all the production of the the most economical plan to transport a material from a mine to the
plants and that meet the total requirements of Chain 1 plant, first passing through a storage facility, is
and Chain 2 partially meets the requirements of the it is necessary to visualize the possible routes:
Chain 3 and that the requirements of Chain 4 are not met.
a)M1S1P = material extracted from M1, stored in S1 and
transferred to P.
b)M1S2P = material extracted from M1, stored in S2 and
PROBLEM 21(Page 96. Lieberman): Fagersta transferred to P.
Steelworks operates two mines to obtain iron ore. c)M2S1P= material extracted from M2, stored in S1 and
This iron ore is shipped to one of two facilities. moved to P.
storage. When needed, it is sent to the plant of d)M2S2P = material extracted from M2, stored in S2 and
company steel. The following diagram describes the network of transferred to P.
distribution, where M1 and M2 are the two mines, S1 and S2, the two
warehouses and P is the steel plant. It also shows the Knowing the possible routes, we calculate the costs they generate, for which
quantities produced in the mines. as well as the cost of what sums the shipping cost from the mine to the warehouse and from the
shipping and the maximum amount that can be sent per month for each warehouse to the plant (information indicated on the arrows of the
via. The Plant (P) requires 100 tons of iron ore. diagrama).
SOLVED EXERCISES OF LINEAR PROGRAMMING Ing. José Luis Albornoz Salazar
24
 a)M1S1P:2000 + 400 = 2400$ / ton. 6.- A maximum of 50 tons can be sent from M2 to S2:
b)M1S2P:1700 +800 = 2,500$ / ton. M2S2P≤50
c)M2S1P:1600 + 400 = $2,000 / ton. 7.- From S1 a maximum of 70 t can be sent to P:
d)M2S2P:1100 +800 =1,900$ / ton. M1S1P + M2S1P≤70
8.- A maximum of 70 tons can be sent from S2 to P:
With this information, I can build the corresponding cost matrix:
M1S2P + M2S2P≤70
S1 P S2 P 9.- The plant requires 100 tons:
M1 2.400 2,500
M2 2.000 1.900 M1S1P + M1S2P + M2S1P + M2S2P = 100

Another way to elaborate the cost matrix could be:

M1S1 M1S2 M2S1 M2S2
P 2.400 2,500 2.000 1.900

The Mathematical Model of Linear Programming will be expressed

as:

MINIMIZE:

Z = 2.400 M1S1P + 2,500 M1S2P + 2,000 M2S1P + 1.900 M2S2P

Subject to the following restrictions:

Mine 1 produces 40 tons: M1S1P + M1S2P = 40

2.- Mine 2 produces 60 tons: M2S1P + M2S2P = 60
3.- From M1 a maximum of 30 tons can be sent to S1:
M1S1P≤30 The results are read:
4.- From M1, a maximum of 30 tons can be sent to S2: SinceM1will be sent30tons of iron ore
M1S2P≤30 aPpassing throughS1 y 10passing throughS2sinceM2be
5.- From M2 a maximum of 60 tons can be sent to S1: they will send10passing throughS1 y 50passing throughS2The
the total shipping cost to the plant is$ 212.000,oo.
M2S1P≤60
SOLVED EXERCISES OF LINEAR PROGRAMMING Ing. José Luis Albornoz Salazar
- 25 -
PROBLEM 22:A company manufactures product A, At= 2 Bt+ AV
B and C can sell everything they produce to the following
When ordered to be included in Excel, it will be:
precios (Bs) : A 700; B 3.500; C 7.000. Producir cada unidad de
A needs 1 hour of work. Producing one unit of B needs At-2 BtAV= 0
2 hours of work, plus 2 units of A. Produce one unit.
C needs 3 hours of work, plus 1 unit of B. Any Restriction 3: From the total amount of Product B manufactured, it will be used
Unit A used to produce B cannot be sold. 1 to manufacture each product of type C and the remaining ones are sold, then:
Similarly, any unit of B used to produce C,
cannot be sold. For this planning period, they are Bt= Ct+ BV
40 hours of work available. Formulate and build the model.
Linear that maximizes the company's revenue. When sorted to be included in Excel, it will be:

SOLUTION : Bt Ct -BV= 0

Variables : Restriction 4: As it involves product units, the result has

to be expressed in positive integers (INTEGER Linear Programming).
AtTotal quantity of product A manufactured.
Bt Total quantity of product B manufactured.
CtTotal amount of product C manufactured.
AVQuantity of product A to sell.
BVAmount of product B to sell.

Objective Function: (maximize income)

Z = 0 At + 0 Bt+ 7,000 Ct+ 700 AV+ 3,500 BV

note in the problem statement that not all products A nor

all the Bs that are manufactured can be sold.
Although there are two variables or unknowns that do not generate income.
economic factors, these must be included in the objective function to ensure
its inclusion in the restrictions conditions.

Restrictions:

Restriction 1: 1 At+ 2 Bt + 3 Ct<=40 (working hours) 15 products A will be manufactured, of which 5 and 10 will be sold.
They will be used to manufacture 5 products B; 5 products will be made.
And all will be used to manufacture products C (they will not be sold
Restriction 2: Of the total amount of Product A manufactured, it will be used
2 units to manufacture each product of type B and the remaining ones products B); 5 products C will be manufactured and sold. All the
they sell, then: The sale will generate a maximum income of Bs. 38,500.00.
SOLVED EXERCISES OF LINEAR PROGRAMMING Ing. José Luis Albornoz Salazar
- 26 -
PROBLEM 23:A refinery produces two types of Objective Function: First, we must calculate the profit generated.
each of the unknowns (maximize weekly profit):
gasoline: Regular and Extra, which are sold at $12 and $14 per
barrel respectively. Both types of gasoline are prepared with
a mixture of refined national oil and oil PNR: Regular gasoline is sold at $12 per barrel and the price of
refined imported and must comply with the following the national refined oil barrel is $8, then the profit will be:
specifications: 12–8 = 4
PIR: Regular gasoline is sold for $12 per barrel and the price of the barrel
Pressure Octane ratingDemand Deliveries the imported refined oil is $15, then the profit will be:
Maximum of Minimum Maximum Minimums
12–15 =–3
Vapor (barri/sem) (barri/sem)
Gasoline 23 88 100,000 50,000 PNE: Extra gasoline is sold at $14 per barrel and the price of the barrel.
Regular the price of refined national oil is $8, then the profit will be:
Gasoline 23 93 20.000 5,000 14–8 = 6
Extra PIE: Extra gasoline is sold at $14 per barrel and the price of the barrel
imported refined oil is $15, then the profit will be:
The characteristics of the inventory of refined petroleum are 14–15 =–1
following:
Pressure of Octane ratingInventory Cost per Z = 4 PNR –3 PIR + 6 PNE –1 PIE
Vapor barrier/semi barrel ($)
National 25 87 40,000 8.00 Restrictions:
Imported 15 98 60,000 15.00
Restriction 1: Maximum demand for regular gasoline
What quantities of the two types of oil (national and imported)
must blend the refinery into both gasolines in order to PNR + PIR ≤ 100,000
maximize weekly profit?
Restriction 2: Maximum demand for extra gasoline
SOLUTION : PNE+ PIE ≤20,000
Variables: Restriction 3: Minimum delivery of regular gasoline
PNRAmount of barrels of oil
PNR + PIR ≥ 50,000
national to blend into regular gasoline.
PIRAmount of oil barrels Restriction 4: Minimum delivery of extra gasoline
imported to blend in regular gasoline.
PNEQuantity of barrels of oil PNE+ PIE ≥5.000
national to mix in the premium gasoline. Restriction 5: National oil inventory (availability)
PIENumber of barrels of oil
imported to mix in premium gasoline. PNR + PNE ≤ 40,000

SOLUTION EXERCISES OF LINEAR PROGRAMMING Ing. José Luis Albornoz Salazar

27
Restriction 6: Inventory (availability) of imported oil
PIR + PIE ≤ 60,000

Constraint 7: The vapor pressure to be obtained from the oil mixture

national and that of the imported to obtain regular gasoline must be
less than 23 (maximum vapor pressure of regular gasoline).
25 PNR + 15 PIR ≤ 23 ( PNR + PIR )
When cleared, it will be expressed as:
2 PNR - 8 PIR ≤ 0

Restriction 8: The vapor pressure to be obtained from the oil mixture

national and the imported one to obtain the extra gasoline must be
less than 23 (maximum vapor pressure of premium gasoline).
25 PNE + 15 PIE ≤ 23 ( PNE + PIE )
That when cleared will be expressed as: To produce regular gasoline, it is necessary to mix
37,727.27 national oil barrels and 12,272.73 imported;
2 PNE - 8 PIE ≤ 0 For the extra gasoline, 2,272.73 barrels of must be mixed.
national oil and 2,727.27 from the imported. A will be generated.
Restriction 9: The octane rating to be obtained from the mixture of national oil andmaximum weekly profit of $125,000.00
the imported one to obtain regular gasoline must be greater than 88
minimum octane rating of regular gasoline.
87 PNR + 98 PIR ≥ 88 ( PNR + PIR )
That when cleared will be expressed as: PROBLEM 24:The Coordinating Technical Office of
Crops (OTCC) is responsible for the administration of three (3)
-1 PNR + 10 PIR ≥ 0 plots. The agricultural yield of each plot is limited
both for the amount of arable land and for the amount
Restriction 10: The octane rating to be obtained from the mixture of national oil of water allocated for the irrigation of the plot by the commission of
and that of the imported one to obtain the extra gasoline must be greater than 93 waters. The data provided by this organization are the
minimum octane rating of premium gasoline. next:
87 PNE + 98 PIE ≥ 93 ( PNE + PIE )
That when cleared will be expressed as:
-6 PNE + 5 PIE ≥ 0

SOLVED EXERCISES OF LINEAR PROGRAMMING Mr. José Luis Albornoz Salazar

28
The available crops for cultivation are: rice, wheat, and corn. M2Amount of hectares of corn to
but the Ministry of Agriculture and Lands has established a sow in plot 2.
maximum number of hectares that can be allocated to each one M3Number of hectares of corn to
of these crops in the three (3) plots together, as it
sow in plot 3.
show the following table:

Species Consumption of Maximum quota Little greed

Objective Function: maximize profits
water3/ha) (ha) ($/ha)
Z = 400(A1+A2+A3) + 300(T1+T2+T3+ 200(M1+M2+M3)
Rice 3 600 400
Wheat 2 500 300 Restrictions :
Corn 1 325 200
Restriction 1, 2, and 3: Cultivable land per plot:
The landowners, in an act of social solidarity, have
It was agreed that the same percentage will be planted in each plot. A1+ T1+ M1≤400
de su tierra cultivable. Sin embargo, puede cultivarse cualquier A2+ T2+ M2<=600
combination in any of the plots. The task that faces A3+ T3+ M3≤300
the OTCC is to determine how many hectares should be dedicated to
cultivation of different species in each plot, in such a way that Restriction 4, 5, and 6: Water allocation for each plot:
maximize the total net profit for all plots under management 3 A1+ 2 T1+ 1 M1<=600
de la OTCC. 3 A2+ 2 T2+ 1 M2≤800
3 A3+ 2 T3+ 1 M3≤375
SOLUCIÓN :
Restriction 7, 8, and 9: Maximum quota per species in the 3 plots:
Variables :
A1+ A2+ A3<=600
A1Amount of rice hectares to T1+ T2+ T3≤500
sow in plot 1.
M1+ M2+ M3≤325
A2Amount of rice hectares to
sow in plot 2.
Restriction 10, 11, and 12: The owners of the plots, in an act of
A3Amount of rice hectares to social solidarity, they have agreed that in each plot the
sow in plot 3. same percentage of their arable land.
T1Amount of hectares of wheat to be planted
in plot 1. Parcel 1 = Parcel 2
T2= Cantidad de hectáreas de trigo a sembrar
in plot 2. =
T3Amount of hectares of wheat to be sown
in plot 3. That when simplified will be expressed as:
M1Amount of hectares of corn to
to plant in plot 1. 600A1-400A2+ 600T1-400T2+ 600M1-400M2= 0

SOLVEDEXERCISES OF LINEAR PROGRAMMING Ing. José Luis Albornoz Salazar

- 29 -
 Plot 1 = Plot 3 In plot 2, there will be planted: 0 hectares of rice, 350 of
wheat and 100 corn.
= In plot 3, 75 hectares of rice will be planted, 0 of
wheat and 150 of corn.
That when simplified will be expressed as:
The maximum profit from the sale of all species
will rise to $275,000.00
300A1–400A3+ 300T1-400T3+ 300M1 -400M3= 0

Parcel 2 = Parcel 3
PROBLEM 25:A shoe factory predicts the
next demands for their pairs of shoes for the upcoming
= 6 meses : mes 1 = 200; mes 2 = 260; mes 3 = 240; mes 4 = 340;
mes 5 = 190; mes 6 = 150. El costo de fabricar un par de zapatos
That when simplified will be expressed as: It is US$ 7.00 with normal working hours and US$ 11.00
with overtime hours. During each month, production in
300A2-600A3+ 300T2-600T3+ 300M2-600M3= 0 normal schedule is limited to 200 pairs of shoes and the
Production with overtime is limited to 100 pairs. Save
A pair of shoes in inventory costs US$ 1.00 per month.
Formulate a mathematical model that allows obtaining a
optimal solution.
SOLUTION :
To better visualize the problem, we can construct the following table:

In plot 1, 75 hectares of rice will be planted, 150 of

wheat and 75 of corn.
SOLVED EXERCISES OF LINEAR PROGRAMMING Ing. José Luis Albornoz Salazar
30
 To introduce the costs in this table, it is good to clarify that when
cost of each pair of shoes manufactured in a month and that you want to sell
In the following months, the inventory cost must be added.
marked in the problem ( $ 1.00 per month).

Then, the cost matrix will be composed as follows

way

Below are the two tables displayed on the sheet of

Excel calculation and we will notice that the results are the same.

First table :

If we look closely at the table, we will notice that it

They release many variables (in fact 72) and this situation complicates.
Much of your solution through the 'Typical' Programming Method
Linear. However, its structure is that of a special model of
linear programming known as 'TRANSPORTATION METHOD' and its
Deployment in the Excel spreadsheet is easier.
At the end of these notes (Annexes) you will find a 'guide
"Practice" on How to Deploy and Troubleshoot a Problem of
Transport in the Excel spreadsheet.
With this cost matrix, we can apply the algorithm of
Transport Method must be noted that in the boxes
where no cost appears I must "indicate" to SOLVER (in the
restrictions) that in those cells must place "0" (zero).
Another way to ensure that such cells are not taken in
The account by SOLVER is to set 'excessively high' costs. Thus the
The cost matrix can be "altered" in the following way:
SOLVED EXERCISES OF LINEAR PROGRAMMING Ing. José Luis Albornoz Salazar- 31 -
 Second table: (recommended for being simpler due to the fact that the
restrictions will be reduced to two

$H$35

SOLVED EXERCISES OF LINEAR PROGRAMMING Ing. José Luis Albornoz Salazar32

Constraint 1. Meet the Monthly Demand (=) In month 5, 190 will be manufactured in normal time and will be sold.
in the same month 5.
$B$34:$G$34 = $B$14:$G$14 In month 6, 150 will be produced on time and will be sold.
Restriction 2. Maximum monthly production (<=) in the same month 6.

$H$22:$H$33 <= $H$2:$H$13 All this production and sale will generate a minimum cost of
US$ 10.660,00

The author of this work requests your valuable collaboration in the

meaning of sending any suggestion and/or recommendation to the
next address:

martilloatomico@[Link]
You can also send any exercise or problem that
consider it can be included in it.

If during your study or practice hours you come across a

problem that I cannot solve, send it to the previous address and
Reading of the results: It will be sent resolved to yours.

In month 1, 200 pairs of shoes will be manufactured on time.

normal and will be sold in the same month 1.

In month 2, 200 will be produced on time and 60 in

Extra time, all (260 pairs) will be sold in month 2. At the email address:
[Link]
In month 3, 200 will be produced on time and 80 in
overtime; out of the 200 manufactured on time, they will be sold de-Exercises-PL
160 in month 3 and 40 in month 4; the 80 produced in overtime You will find a wide variety of solved problems of
they will be sold in month 3. Linear Programming (basic level, intermediate level, and advanced level).

In month 4, 200 will be produced on time and 100 in

overtime, all (300) will be sold in month 4.
SOLVED EXERCISES OF LINEAR PROGRAMMING Eng. José Luis Albornoz Salazar33
 ANNEXES

SOLVEDEXERCISESOFLINEARPROGRAMMING Ing. José Luis Albornoz Salazar- 34 -

 HOW TO INSTALL 'SOLVER' IN In the 'Excel Options' box, click on
Accessories (top left)
The
EXCEL2007 SPREADSHEET
Open Excel and click on the 'Office button' that is
located in the upper left corner of the Excel screen

Click on 'Excel Options' in the bottom right.

SOLVED EXERCISES OF LINEAR PROGRAMMING Ing. José Luis Albornoz Salazar

- 35 -
At the bottom (center) click on "Go..." In this box, click on the rectangle next to
"Solver" make sure you selected it (the "witness" will appear
marking in the rectangle and the word 'Solver' will be shaded in blue

The 'Add-ons' table will be shown next.

Click on 'Accept' (top right of the box)

"complements") and "Solver" will be installed automatically. To verify
If 'Solver' is installed in the 'toolbar', click on
"Data" and in the upper right corner of the screen it will appear

SOLUTIONEXERCISES OF LINEAR PROGRAMMING Ing. José Luis Albornoz Salazar

- 36 -
 DEPLOYMENTY SOLUTIONOFONE In row 4 (cells A4, B4, C4 and D4) enter the data of the
DEMAND.
TRANSPORT PROBLEM IN LA
EXCEL SPREADSHEET

Below a PROBLEM OF will be presented and solved

TRANSPORTATION using the EXCEL spreadsheet, with the purpose
to guide the student "step by step" in the use of this tool:

Given the following matrix of unit transportation costs,

make the necessary assignments to obtain the objective function
more economical (Zmínima):

Destination Destination Destination Destination OFFER

A B C D
In rows 11, 12, and 13, from column A to D, place
Origin 1 41 27 28 24 60 zeros. The solutions of each "route" will be reflected in these cells.
Origin 2 40 29 50 23 15 once applied SOLVER.
Origin 3 37 30 27 21 45
DEMAND 20 30 30 40

ANSWER:

Enter the data of the unit cost matrix in the sheet of

calculation, these will cover rows 1, 2, and 3 and columns A, B, C, and D.

Now proceed to include the formulas in the reference cells.

(these cells are of free choice, the important thing is that the data
relate the information of the solution routes). At first in the sheet
In column E (cells E1, E2, and E3) enter the data of the zeros will be reflected in those cells.
OFFER.
SOLVED EXERCISES OF LINEAR PROGRAMMING [Link]é
Ing. José Luis
Luis Albornoz
AlbornozSalazar
37 37
Salazar
Cell A15 =SUM(A11:A13) These cells will reflect how the demands are covered.
each of the destinations A, B, C, and D, once the solution has been applied. To
they will initially reflect 'zeros'.

Cell E11 =SUM(A11:D11)

Cell B15 SUM(B11:B13)

Cell E12 =SUM(A12:D12)

Cell C15 =SUM(C11:C13)

Cell E13 =SUM(A13:D13)

Cell D15 =SUM(D11:D13) These cells will reflect the offers made in each of the
origins 1, 2, and 3, once the solution is applied. Initially, they will reflect
zeros
Finally, I choose a cell where the function will be reflected.
objective.
SOLVED EXERCISES
I RESOLVED OF LINEAR
I PROGRAMMING
PROGRAMMING [Link]. José iLuis
l Albornoz
l Salazar- 38 -
 In that cell, the formula for the summation of the To calculate the minimum Z value, a tool is used that
products of each unit cost multiplied by the allocation of each includes EXCEL called SOLVER.
route
To run the Solver click on 'Data' and then click
In our case we have chosen F15. The formula will be: click on 'SOLVER' and a 'PARAMETERS' dialog box will appear
THE SOLVER.
Cell F15 =SUMPRODUCT(A1:D3,A11:D13)

Before Solver can solve the problem, it needs to know

precisely where the components of the model are located on the sheet
of calculation. It is possible to write the addresses of the cells or make
click on them.

In the upper left corner of the box 'PARAMETERS OF'

"SOLVER", where it requests the OBJECTIVE CELL to place $F$15.

In the white circles where the CELL VALUE is requested

OBJECTIVE minimum indicates (this is a transportation problem and it
At this moment we have entered all the necessary data what is sought is the lowest cost, click on the word MINIMUM).
in the spreadsheet.

If we place any value in any of the cells of In the central left space, where it is requested CHANGING
results (from A11 to D13) the cost will appear in cell F15 of THE CELLS indicate the cells where it was previously proposed that
to transport such a quantity of products from the said origin to the said destination. the results of each route will be shown. In this case, they are the cells.
That is, the value that the objective function (Z) acquires for that A11 to D13, place $A$11:$D$13.
assignment.
SOLVED EXERCISES OF LINEAR PROGRAMMING Eng. José Luis Albornoz Salazar
39
 The program is being ordered to offer the customer what
that we are able to produce.

Click on ACCEPT and you will return to your screen the box
SOLVER PARAMETERS. Now the dialog box summarizes the
complete model.

In the blank space, at the bottom left, SUBJECT TO

THE FOLLOWING RESTRICTIONS indicate the conditions of
problem, for which click on ADD.
At this moment, the dialog box will appear on the screen.
ADD RESTRICTION. Place:

Before asking Solver to solve the model, the button is selected

OPTIONS and the SOLVER OPTIONS dialog box will appear.

The program is being ordered that the covered demand must

be the same as requested, in other words I must meet the requirements
of the client.
Click on ADD and place:

SOLVED EXERCISES OF LINEAR PROGRAMMING Ing. José Luis Albornoz Salazar

- 40 -
 This box allows you to specify the options to resolve the
modelo. Lo más importante son las opcionesADOPTAR MODELO
LINEARLY ASSUMING NON-NEGATIVES, make sure to click on
they and let the 'identification witnesses' appear.

With a click on ACCEPT, you return to the dialog box.

SOLVER PARAMETERS.

Now everything is ready to click on RESOLVE and after

In a few seconds, Solver will indicate the results in cells A11 up to
D13, and in cell F15 the minimum value of the objective function will appear.
(We mention).

In the final table RESULTS OF SOLVER:

The results of this exercise are read as follows:

-From Origin 1 I will send 30 units to Destination B (route or

cell B11).
-From Origin 1, I will send 30 units to Destination C (route or
cell C11).
-From Origin 2, I will send 15 units to Destination D (route or
cell D12.
-From the Origin 3, I will send 20 units to Destination A (route or
cell A13).
-From Origin 3 I will send 25 units to Destination D (route or
Click on ACCEPT and the results will be displayed.
cell D13).
SOLVED EXERCISES OF LINEAR PROGRAMMING Eng. José Luis Albornoz Salazar- 41 -
 The minimum transportation cost to meet all the
requirements of supply and demand will be:

Zmínimo = 3.260,oo

Check that the requirements of the offer were met and the
demand presented by the model.
The author of this work requests your valuable collaboration in the
the sense of sending any suggestion and/or recommendation to the
next address:

martilloatomico@[Link]
You can also send any exercise or problem that
This procedure is done only once and at
consider it can be included in the same.
save the information in the corresponding file
it will serve to solve any transportation problem of If during your study or practice hours you come across a
up to three origins and four destinations; it will simply have problem that I cannot solve, send it to the previous address and
to enter the data of the new transportation problem it will be sent resolved to yours.
typedira SolverRESOLVER. In case the matrix of
costs greater than that of this problem will be displayed a
new model based on what was explained
previously.
At the email address:
[Link]
Exercises-PL
You will find a wide variety of solved problems of
Linear Programming (basic level, intermediate level, and advanced level).

SOLVED EXERCISES OF LINEAR PROGRAMMING Ing. José Luis Albornoz Salazar- 42 -

 I N D I C E
components that we will call A and B. You need to take 70 units
of A and 120 units of B. The doctor gives him two types of diets in
the concentration of said components is:
. diet D1: 2 units of A and 3 units of B
Problem statement Page . diet D21 unit of A and 2 units of B.
. Knowing that the price of diet D1it is 2.5€. and the D diet one2
TYPICAL PROBLEM: A company is going to launch a 1 It is €1.45. What is the optimal distribution for the lowest cost?
new product. The promotional plans for next month
are underway. The alternative means to carry out the PROBLEM 4: It is intended to cultivate two types of 8
advertising as well as the costs and the estimated audience per unit olives: A and B. You cannot grow more than 8 hectares with olives of
advertising are shown below: Type A, no more than 10 hectares, with olives of type B. Each hectare of
Type A olive trees need 4 meters.3annual water and each of type
TELEVISION RADIO PRESS B, 3 m344 m is available annually.3of water. Each
Type A hectare requires an investment of €500 and each one of
Audience by advertising unit 100,000 18.000 40,000 type B, €225. There is €4500 available to make this investment.
If each hectare of olive grove type A and B produce,
Cost per unit of advertising Bs. 2,000 Bs. 300 Bs. 600 respectively, 500 and 300 liters of oil per year:
a) Reasonably obtain the hectares of each type of olive tree
To achieve a balanced use of the media, advertising what should be planted to maximize oil production.
On the radio, it must be equal to 50% of advertising units. b) Obtain the maximum production.
authorized. In addition, the quantity of units requested in
television must be at least 10% of the total authorized. The PROBLEM 5 : A company manufactures two models of cases 9
total budget for promotions has been limited to Bs. from sofa, A and B, which leave benefits of 40 and 20 euros
18,500.00. It is necessary to determine the optimal plan to maximize respectively. For each cover of model A, 4 are needed.
the total audience or number of people who see the advertisement. working hours and 3 units of fabric. To manufacture one of the
model B requires 3 hours of work and 5 units of fabric. The
PROBLEM 2: There are 120 caffeinated cola drinks available. 7 The company has 48 hours of work and 60 units of fabric. If
and 180 caffeine-free cola soft drinks. The soft drinks are sold At most, 9 covers of model A can be made. How many?
in packages of two types. Type A packages contain three Cases for each model must be manufactured to achieve the maximum.
soft drinks with caffeine and three without caffeine, and those of type B contain benefit and what would this be?
two with caffeine and four without caffeine. The seller earns 6 euros
for each package I sell of type A and 5 euros for each one that PROBLEM 6: We have 210,000 euros to invest in 10
Type B sells. Reasonably calculate how many packages of stock. They recommend two types of shares. Type A shares, which
each type must sell to maximize profits and calculate The type A yield 10% and the type B yield 8%. We decided to invest.
this. a maximum of 130,000 euros in type A and at least
60,000 in type B. Furthermore, we want the investment in
PROBLEM 3: A person to recover from a certain 8 the type A is less than double the investment in B. What
disease has to take two types of in their diet it has to be the distribution of the investment to obtain the

SOLUTIONEXERCISES OF LINEAR PROGRAMMING Eng. José Luis Albornoz Salazar

maximum annual interest? all the paprika that can be produced can only be sold up to a
maximum of 1500 bottles of curry. The unused herbs are
PROBLEM 7: In a bakery, two types of cakes are made: 11 They can sell for $375 an ounce of HB1 and $167 an ounce of HB2.
Viennese and Real. Each Viennese cake needs a quarter of filling. Determine the spice consumption that maximizes revenue.
and a kg of cake produces a profit of 250 pts, while Company.
that a Real cake needs half a kg of filling and one kg of
cake and generates a profit of 400 Ptas. In the pastry shop it
They can make up to 150 Kg of cake and 50 Kg daily.
filling, although due to machinery problems they cannot do it.
more than 125 cakes of each type. How many Viennese cakes and
how many Reales should they sell per day for it to be maximum
benefit?
PROBLEM 11: A large department store commissions a 13
PROBLEM 8: A company owns two mines: mine A 11 manufacturer of trousers and sports jackets. The manufacturer
produce 1 ton of high-quality iron every day, 3 tons provides for the making of 750 m of cotton fabric and 1000
of medium quality and 5 of low quality. Mine B produces each day made of polyester fabric. Each pair of pants requires 1 meter of cotton and
2 tons of each of the three qualities. The company 2 m of polyester, each jacket requires 1.5 m of cotton and 1 m
needs at least 80 tons of high-quality ore, 160 of polyester. The price of the pants is set at €50 and that of the
medium quality tons and 200 of low quality. Knowing that jacket for €40. What number of pants and jackets should be
The daily cost of operation is 2000 euros in each mine. supply the manufacturer to the warehouses so that they can achieve
How many days should each mine work for the cost to be a maximum sale?
minimum?
PROBLEM 12: A transport company has two types of 14
PROBLEM 9: A plant of a workshop is going to be organized 12 trucks, type A with a refrigerated space of 20 m3and a
automobiles where electricians and mechanics go to work. unrefrigerated space of 40 m3Those of type B, with the same cubic capacity
market needs, it is necessary to have greater or equal total, at 50% refrigerated and non-refrigerated. They hire it for the
number of mechanics that of electricians and that the number of transport of 3,000 m3of product that needs refrigeration and
mechanics do not exceed double that of electricians. In total, there are 4,000 m3from another that does not need it. The cost per kilometer of a
30 electricians and 20 mechanics are available. The benefit of the Type A truck costs €30 and type B costs €40. How many trucks
The company charges 250 euros per electrician per shift and 200 euros. What type should be used so that the total cost is minimized?
by mechanic. How many workers of each class must
choose to achieve the maximum benefit and what is it?
PROBLEM 13: On a chicken farm, a diet is given for 15
to fatten, with a minimum composition of 15 units of one
PROBLEM 10: The company ESPECIAS INDIAN C.A. has a 13 substance A and 15 other substances of substance B. In the market, only.
limited stock of two herbs used in production of find two classes of compounds: type X with a
dressings. INDIAN uses both ingredients, HB1 and HB2, to composition of one unit of A and 5 of B, and the other type, Y, with
produce either curry or paprika. The department of a composition of five units of A and one of B. The price of the
marketing informs that although the company can sell Type X is 10 euros and type Y is 30€. What amounts are
SOLVED EXERCISES OF LINEAR PROGRAMMING Ing. José Luis Albornoz Salazar
they have to buy each type to meet the needs with a the percentage of sulfur, the density, and the price per ton in
minimum cost? pesetas.

PROBLEM 14: A school is preparing a trip for 320. 16

students. The transport company has 10 buses of 20
squares and 8 out of 42 squares, but it only has 9 drivers. The
Renting a large bus costs 900€ and that of a small one
400€. Calculate how many buses of each type need to be used.
in order for the outing to be as cost-effective as possible for the
school. It is required that the mixture has specific characteristics that
they are translated into a percentage of 40% sulfur content and
a density equal to 91%. It is desired that the price of the mixture
PROBLEM 15: An installation company has 195 16 be minimal.
kg of copper, 20 kg of titanium and 14 kg of aluminum. To manufacture
100 meters of type A cable requires 10 kg of copper, 2 of
titanium and 1 of aluminum, while to manufacture 100 meters of PROBLEM 18: A perfumery produces the perfume 'OXES'. 18
Type B cable requires 15 kg of copper, 1 kg of titanium, and 1 kg of This perfume requires Essence and Fixative for its production.
aluminum. The benefit obtained from 100 meters of cable of Two processes are available. Process 'A' transforms 1 ounce.
Type A is 1500 euros, and for 100 meters of type B cable, of fixer and 2 ounces of essence in 3 ounces of perfume. The
1000 euros. Calculate the meters of cable of each type that there are. process "B" transforms 2 ounces of fixer and 3 ounces of essence into
what to manufacture to maximize the company's profit. Obtain 5 ounces of perfume. Each ounce of fixative costs you
said maximum benefit. perfume Bs. 10,000.00 and each ounce of essence Bs. 15,000.00.
There is a maximum availability of 200 ounces of fixer and a
maximum of 350 ounces of essence for this period of
PROBLEM 16: A sportswear establishment has 17 planning. To stimulate demand, the perfumery has
Stored 1600 swimsuits, 1000 goggles, and 800 caps hired an advertisement for a total cost of Bs. 4,000,000.00.
of bathroom. There is a desire to encourage the purchase of these products
The perfume is sold in one-ounce containers for Bs. 40,000.00
through the offer of two types of lots: lot A, which produces a per unit. Determine the optimal production that allows to obtain the
profit of 8 euros, made up of a swimsuit, a cap, and some maximum utility taking into account that it must be produced
glasses, and batch B that produces a profit of 10 euros and is only what is going to be based.
made up of two swimsuits and some glasses. Knowing that the
The advertising for this offer will have a cost of 1,500 euros to be deducted.
PROBLEM 19: A craftsman makes and sells woven pictures,
from the benefits, it is requested to calculate the number of lots A and B that 20
They will maximize the profit and how much it amounts to. which has three types: the small, the medium, and the large. The
first requires plywood, 200 meters of yarn, and 85 nails; the
Second needs plywood, 300 meters of yarn, and 100 nails; the
third uses plywood, 400 meters of yarn and 125 nails. From
PROBLEM 17: A mixture of oil is desired to be obtained from18 A sheet of plywood can yield 12 small squares or 8.
of raw materials from different origins, each of which medium or 5 large. Each month there are 15 sheets of
they have different characteristics. The attached table details the triplay, 68 rolls of yarn of 500 meters each and 12,500
different raw materials (4 in total) and their most important characteristics nails. The small frame requires 3 hours, the medium one 5.
SOLVED EXERCISES OF LINEAR PROGRAMMING Ing. José Luis Albornoz Salazar
hours and the large one of 6 hours for its preparation. Monthly When needed, it is sent to the steel plant of the
There are 530 hours available for the manufacturing of the frames. company. The following diagram describes the distribution network,
experiencia que se tiene de las ventas muestra que mínimo se where M1 and M2 are the two mines, S1 and S2 are the two warehouses and
They sell 25 large paintings for every 60 small paintings. P is the steel plant. It also shows the quantities pro-
profit margin for small, medium, and large frames produced in the mines. just like the shipping cost and the quantity
the prices are $22, $35, and $45 respectively, how many pictures maximum that can be sent per month by each route. The Plant (P)
What quantity of each type should be produced in order to maximize profit? requires 100 tons of iron ore.

PROBLEM 20: Due to the heavy rains in recent days 21

in the south, the company 'Stop-rain' dedicated to the field of
paraguas has seen an increase in demand for its products.
The umbrellas are assembled in two levels, according to the following table:

Four chains of department stores are interested in acquiring the

umbrella, with the following characteristics:
The administration wants to determine the most economical plan
of sending the mineral from the mines to the plant. Formulate and solve.
with a linear programming model.

PROBLEM 22: A company manufactures products A, B, and 26 C and

you can sell everything you produce at the following prices (Bs):
A 700; B 3,500; C 7,000. Producing each unit of A requires 1
The transportation cost to each store (fixed) is shown in the following
work time. Producing one unit of B takes 2 hours of
table :
work, plus 2 units of A. Producing one unit of C requires
3 hours of work, plus 1 unit of B. Any unit of A
used to produce B, cannot be sold. Similarly
any unit of B used to produce C cannot be
sold. For this planning period, 40 are available.
Determine the best delivery decision for the company working hours. Formulate and build the Linear model that
umbrella manufacturer. maximize the company's revenues.

PROBLEM 21 (Page 96. Lieberman): Fagersta Steelworks 24 PROBLEM 23: A refinery produces two types of gasoline: 27
Regular and Extra, which are sold for $12 and $14 per barrel.
Exploit two mines to obtain iron ore. This ore of
respectively. Both types of gasoline are prepared with a
Iron is sent to one of two storage facilities.
SOLVED EXERCISES OF LINEAR PROGRAMMING Ing. José LuisAlbornozSalazar
mix of refined national oil and imported oil Species Consumption of Maximum fee Greediness
refined and must meet the following specifications: water3/ha) (ha) ($/ha)
Rice 3 600 400
Wheat 2 500 300
Pressure Octane rating Demand Deliveries
Corn 1 325 200
Maximum of Minimum Maximum Minima
Vapor (barri/sem) (barrier/without)
Gasoline 23 88 100,000 50,000 The owners of the plots, in an act of social solidarity, have
Regular It is agreed that the same percentage will be sown in each plot.
Gasoline 23 93 20,000 5,000 from its arable land. However, any can be cultivated
Extra
combination in any of the plots. The task that the
OTCC is to determine how many hectares should be devoted to cultivation.
The characteristics of the inventory of refined oils are the of the different species in each plot, in order to maximize
next: the total net gain for all the parcels in charge of the
OTCC.
Pressure Octane rating Inventory Cost
Vapor (barrier/sem) barrel $
National 25 87 40,000 8.00 PROBLEM 25: A shoe factory predicts the following 30
Imported 15 98 60,000 15.00 demands for their pairs of shoes for the next 6 months:
mes 1 = 200; mes 2 = 260; mes 3 = 240; mes 4 = 340; mes 5 =
What quantities of the two types of oil (national and imported) 190; month 6 = 150. The cost of manufacturing a pair of shoes is
the refinery should blend both gasoline in order to maximize US$ 7.00 with normal working hours and US$ 11.00 with
the weekly profit? overtime hours. During each month, production in
normal working hours are limited to 200 pairs of shoes and the
PROBLEM 24: The Technical Coordinating Office of Crops 28 Production with overtime is limited to 100 pairs. Save
(OTCC) is responsible for managing three (3) plots. A pair of shoes in inventory costs US$ 1.00 per month.
the agricultural yield of each plot is limited both by the Formulate a mathematical model that allows obtaining a solution.
amount of arable land as well as the amount of water optimal.
assigned for irrigation of the plot by the water commission.
Los datos proporcionados por este organismo son los siguientes:

The available crops for cultivation are: rice, wheat, and corn.
but the Ministry of Agriculture and Lands has established a
maximum number of hectares that can be allocated to each one
of these crops in the three (3) plots together, as it
show the following table:

SOLVED EXERCISES OF LINEAR PROGRAMMING Ing. José Luis Albornoz Salazar