SINGLE POINT INJECTION SYSTEM

SISTEMA MONOPUNTO

This system is only used by gasoline engines, it is one of the most basic.
and primitive, since it is very similar to a carburetor.
It consists of an electric fuel pump that sends pressure to a
injector located before the throttle butterfly. the injector consists of a
solenoid which is controlled by a control unit (UCE).
That is responsible for sending the opening signal.
When this opens, the gasoline passes to the injector and sprays a quantity.
determined fuel to the collector.
The operation is simple, when the fuel pressure is excessive, the
the regulator opens and sends the excess fuel back to the tank
we can fix this regulator so that the injection pressure is higher
It increases and thus gains more power in the engine, the injector has a shorter lifespan with this.
process).

FIGURE N.-1 SINGLE POINT SYSTEM

ELECTRIC FUEL PUMP

A fuel pump is a device that delivers the working fluid.

oflammablethe energy needed to move through
of thecarburetorto then enter into thevalveof admission where
subsequently goes to thecylinderThe pressures with which the pump works
depend greatly on the type of engine you have. Thus, the more
the more power a motor needs, the more cylinders will be required, so
se necesitará una bomba de mayor potencia. La bomba de combustible es la
responsible for supplying fuel to the rest of the system until reaching the
engine, for this, it pulls fuel from the tank using a series of blades
in a duct and impels it towards the feed line in the direction of
The fuel is driven with a pressure of between 3 and [Link](43-
84PSI), which is why the fuel pump is considered low pressure.

FIGURE N.-2 FUEL PUMP

FUEL FILTER

Clean fuel, free of dirt particles and rust, is essential for the
smooth and efficient operation of your vehicle. A small particle of
dirt can clog the injectors, leading to erratic performance and
deficient fuel economy. Clean fuel improves the economy
of fuel and engine performance, something truly important, in
view of the fluctuations in gasoline prices these days! Most
system failures are due to the presence of contaminants in the liquid,
Ignoring a dirty fuel filter can have consequences.
graves. A clogged or blocked fuel filter can even lead to the
engine shutdown.
FIGURE N.-3 FUEL FILTER

THROTTLE POTENTIOMETER

The throttle position sensor, called TPS or TP sensor (of the

Throttle Position Sensor, performs precise control of the position
angular of the butterfly. The ECM takes this information to be able to carry out
different functions, of utmost importance for the proper functioning of
a fuel electronic injection system. Currently, the type of TPS
the most used is the potentiometer. This consists of a resistive track swept
with a cursor, and powered by a voltage of 5 volts from the ECM.

FIGURE N.-4 THROTTLE POTENTIOMETER

Single point injector

The injector should give us an ohmic resistance in the range

from 2 to 3 ohms, if your measurement falls within this range it indicates that the electrical part
the injector has the expected resistance (in this case and only as
check try reversing the tester leads and you will see that the value will be the same
same, since as we have mentioned, polarity has no effect on
this measurement).
If instead when testing the injector it shows the value of 1, it means that the
the injector has its electrical system damaged since the value 1 means
infinite resistance, in other words, there is no continuity due to a short circuit
on the injector coil. In the event of a failure like this one, we should
replace the injector, for that the base cover of the body is removed
injector, and then we remove the screw that secures the injector holder.

The first thing we will do is set the multimeter to the 200 ohm scale.
to measure the injector resistance, then connecting the connectors of the
test the poles of the injector plug, regardless of polarity, that is,
each cable of the multimeter connects indifferently to each terminal of the
injector plug

FIGURE N.-5 SINGLE POINT INJECTOR

Opel MULTEC single-point injection system

It is a single-point injection model specific to Opel. It manages the injection and the ignition.
We find the system in the models: Corsa (91), Corsa (93), Kadett (91), Astra (91), Astra-F (93),
Vectra (91) and Vectra-B (98).

Like all systems, this one has also evolved from its beginning to the end of its
production. The first models were equipped with a distributor with an inductive generator (like the
Corsa 1.2, 1.3 with carburetor) and the PROM program memory was insertable and replaceable if needed.
of breakdown. Then it was changed to Hall effect distributor and in the latest models the ignition
It is with an inductive generator in the flywheel and DIS coils or regular distributor.
MAGNETI-MARELLI G6 System
This Italian-origin system is very similar to Bosch's Mono-Motronic, the G6 and its derivatives.
they jointly control the injection and ignition.
The operation is therefore similar to that studied for the Mono-Motronic but we are going to
highlight several differences such as the way to measure the intake air through a
pressure transducer.

Pressure sensor
The absolute pressure sensor (MAP) comes to replace the well-known 'plate-probe' flow meter.
oscillating or that of 'hot wire'. Through this sensor (11), the ECU control unit receives
permanent information about the prevailing state of depression inside the collector of
admission. The provided values can be translated into values relative to the amount of
air that exists in the circuit and it allows the ECU to determine accurately, and in each
case, the dosing of the mixture, that is, the amount of fuel injected through the
injector.

The pressure sensor detects variations and pressure inside the intake manifold.
according to the changes in load and rotation speed of the motor. This system allows together
With the air temperature value, know the weight of the air entering the intake manifold and thus
to accurately establish the amount of gasoline to inject to achieve a certain
mix ratio.
The collector consists of a diaphragm made of insulating material within which are
placed some resistors that form a measurement bridge.
The resistance bridge is made up of piezoelectric sensors that are sensitive to the
mechanical deformations.
The diaphragm is connected by a tube to the intake manifold so that the variations
of pressure act directly on the diaphragm causing its deformation. This deformation
act on the resistance bridge by varying the output voltage.
The output tension of the bridge is adjusted to the desired working scales in such a way that it
it obtains a final output voltage ranging from 0 to 5 V, following linearly the
pressure variations.
RPM sensor
To determine the number of rpm of the engine and the position of the pistons with respect to the TDC, a
RPM sensor that faces the teeth of the flywheel. With this information, the unit of
control knows the engine's rpm as well as the moment to trigger the spark at the spark plug
agreement with the most convenient ignition advance.

Canister
This system also incorporates an electromagnetic valve (14) for control of
canister. The canister is the activated carbon filter that controls the gases produced by the vapors.
of the fuel that is found inside the fuel circuit, especially in the
deposit (16). The presence of the electromagnetic valve allows the ECU to open the passage of these
gases in precise and determined circumstances. When the engine is off, for example. The
gases remain stored in the filter or canister until the engine is started.
at which moment the ECU can give the command to open the electromagnetic valve and carry out a
canister purge. This way, the fuel is utilized and prevents the release outside.
release of harmful gases. This valve is also known by the name of 'valve of
aeration" and the canister is also commonly referred to as "activated carbon filter."
Ford single-point injection system.
This system, which specifically belongs to the Ford Escort model, is equipped with a sensor
absolute pressure for the measurement of the air entering the engine cylinders.
At the top, we have the classic elements of an injection system, that is, the
submersible electric pump in the fuel tank. The gasoline passes through the filter
(3) and it goes directly to the injector (4). As in similar cases, the pressure of the circuit is
controlled by a pressure regulator (5).
The ECU control unit (6), which is of the EEC IV type, exerts perfect control over both
from the injection like from the ignition. The ECU receives information about the engine's RPM
through a socket located at the base of the block, which is none other than the receiver of
crankshaft position (7), and the state of the engine temperature through the sensor (8). Also
receives information about the status of the throttle butterfly through the position sensor of the
butterfly (9).
The measurement of air flow is carried out using an absolute pressure sensor.
(10) that works in contact with the inside of the intake manifold through the tube or inlet of
depression (11).
The ECU also receives information from the air temperature sensor (12) and from the Lambda sensor.
(13), in addition to the arrival of the direct current coming from the battery (14) or from the key of
contact (15) when this is connected. The main power relay (16) supplies voltage to
the ECU.
The ECU controls, in turn: the injector (4) through a compensating resistor (17), also
controls the fuel electric pump (1) through the relay (18) and the ignition circuit
represented by the ignition module (19) from which control is exercised over the coil
(20), of double winding (lost spark) for simultaneous ignition. Finally, we have the
idle and warming valve (21) consisting of a stepper motor.
The injection systems used by Ford are also equipped with a system
canister that is applied even for the most modest installations, as is usually the case of the
monopoint systems. The canister (22) is controlled by the purge solenoid valve (23).