X-R Chart Analysis for Quality Control
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ScribdTranslationsX-R Chart Analysis for Quality Control
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ScribdTranslationsX-R Graphic
The Mean vs. Range charts, also known as XR charts, are charts made for the
statistical monitoring of quality control of parts in multiple sectors, including that of the
automotive. They allow detecting variability, consistency, control, and improvement of a process.
productive. In the case of our sector, it consists of the following elements:
. Upper control limit, or maximum tolerance
. Lower control limit, or minimum tolerance
. Nominal value, the average of the minimum and maximum tolerances
. Measurement variables, which are usually measurement points by comparator clock, or points
three-dimensional machine measurement.
X-R charts are used for statistical analysis in any sector that requires it.
measurement and analysis of variable data.
Interpret the results
Minitab creates three Xbar-R charts, one chart for each machine. The engineer examines the
R chart first, because if the R chart shows that the variation of the process is not under control,
So the control limits on the X-bar chart are inaccurate.
The R charts for the three machines show that the process variation is under control.
No point is out of control and all points are within the limits of
control in a random pattern.
The X-bar charts show that machine 2 is under control, but machines 1 and 3 are not.
They are. In the X-bar chart of machine 2, no point is out of control. However, the
Machine 1 has one out-of-control point and machine 3 has two out-of-control points.
Test results for the X-bar chart of Machine 1
TEST 1. A point beyond 3.00 standard deviations from the central line.
The test failed at points: 8
Results of the test for the X-bar chart of Machine 3
TEST 1. A point beyond 3.00 standard deviations from the central line.
The test failed at points: 2, 14
* WARNING * If the graph is updated with the new data, the previous results
they may no longer be correct.
ThegraphicsX-R are used when the feature of qualitywhat is desired to be controlled is a
continuous variable.
To understand theX-R graphics , it is necessary to know theconceptSubgroups (or Subgroups
(rational). Working with subgroups means grouping the measurements obtained from
aprocessaccording to some criterion. Subgroups are created by grouping the measurements of
in such a way that there is maximum variability between subgroups and minimum variability within each
subgroup.
For example, if there are four shifts ofworkin one day, the measurements of each shift could
form a subgroup.
Let's suppose a factory that produces cylindrical parts for theindustryautomotive. The
The quality characteristic that is desired to be controlled is the diameter of the parts.
There are two ways to obtain the subgroups. One of them is to remove several pieces together.
regular intervals, for example every hour:
The other way is to remove individual pieces over the interval oftimecorresponding to
subgroup:
As has already been seen, to calculate theLimitsofControlit is necessary to obtain a large number
of measurements, divided into subgroups. In our example, we could obtain 30 subgroups of
6dataeach one
As has already been seen, to calculate theLimitsofControlit is necessary to obtain a large number
of measurements, divided into subgroups. In our example, we could obtain 30 subgroups of
6dataeach one
After calculating the Average and the Range of each subgroup, we would have a table like the
next:
From this table, the overall average of subgroup averages and the average is calculated.
of subgroup rankings:
The standard deviation of the process can be calculated from the average range, using the
coefficient d2, which depends on the number of measurements in the subgroup:
With this, we can calculate the Control Limits for the X chart:
The standard deviation of the range can be calculated using the d3 coefficient, which also
it depends on the number of measurements in the subgroup:
And this is how we can calculate the Control Limits for the R Chart:
And thus we can calculate the Control Limits for the R Chart:
We then constructed a test X Chart and represented the averages of the subgroups:
If there are no points outside the control limits and no non-random patterns are found, then
they adopt the calculated limits to control theproductionfuture.
BIBLIOGRAPHY
htp://[Link]/what-is-an-x-ray-graph-how-interpretarlo/
htps://[Link]fi[Link]/trabajos27/graphics-xr/[Link]
htps://[Link]/en-us/minitab/18/help-and-how-tor/whichty-and-process-improvementt/controll
characterts/how-to/variables-charts-for-subgroups/xbar-r-chartbefore you start/example/