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Physics Notes: Work, Energy, Oscillations

The document covers key concepts in physics, including definitions and theorems related to work, power, and energy, as well as the law of conservation of energy and types of collisions. It also discusses simple harmonic motion, the time period of a simple pendulum, and thermodynamic principles including specific heat and the efficiency of a Carnot engine. Numerical problems are included to illustrate these concepts.

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20 views2 pages

Physics Notes: Work, Energy, Oscillations

The document covers key concepts in physics, including definitions and theorems related to work, power, and energy, as well as the law of conservation of energy and types of collisions. It also discusses simple harmonic motion, the time period of a simple pendulum, and thermodynamic principles including specific heat and the efficiency of a Carnot engine. Numerical problems are included to illustrate these concepts.

Uploaded by

MAHABOOB
Copyright
© All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd

PHYSICS – CLEAN TYPED NOTES

CHAPTER: WORK, POWER AND ENERGY

1. Define work and kinetic energy. State and prove work–energy theorem for constant force.

Work:
The scalar product of force and displacement is called work.
W = F · s = Fs cosθ

Kinetic Energy:
The energy possessed by a body by virtue of its motion is called kinetic energy.
KE = 1/2 mv²

Work–Energy Theorem:
Statement:
The work done by the net force acting on a body is equal to the change in its kinetic energy.

Hence proved: KEf – KEi = W

2. State and prove law of conservation of energy in case of freely falling body.

Statement:
The total mechanical energy of a system remains constant if the only internal forces doing
work are conservative and external forces do no work.

(Proof with points A, B, C as in original notes)

3. Define elastic and inelastic collisions. Derive expressions for final velocities in one
dimensional elastic collision.

Elastic collision:
The collision in which both momentum and kinetic energy are conserved.

Inelastic collision:
The collision in which only momentum is conserved.

Final velocities:
v1 = (m1 – m2)u1 / (m1 + m2)
v2 = 2m1u1 / (m1 + m2)
Numerical Problems included.

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CHAPTER: OSCILLATIONS

Simple Harmonic Motion:


A body is said to be in SHM if acceleration is directly proportional to displacement and acts
towards the mean position.
a ∝ –y

Projection of uniform circular motion on any diameter is SHM.

Simple Pendulum:
Time period:
T = 2π√(l/g)

Second’s pendulum:
A pendulum whose time period is 2 seconds.

Energy of SHM:
Kinetic Energy and Potential Energy derivations as per notes.

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CHAPTER: THERMODYNAMICS

Specific heat at constant pressure:


Cp = (1/m)(ΔQ/ΔT)

Specific heat at constant volume:


Cv = (1/m)(ΔQ/ΔT)

Relation between Cp and Cv:


Cp – Cv = R

Carnot Engine:
Efficiency:
η = (T1 – T2) / T1

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