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Java OOP Crash Course for Exams

This document is a crash course on Java Object-Oriented Programming (OOP), covering key principles such as polymorphism, inheritance, encapsulation, and abstraction. It explains Java basics, including classes, objects, methods, exception handling, and I/O streams. Additionally, it highlights the differences between procedural programming and OOP, and provides insights into memory management and applet functionality.

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14 views3 pages

Java OOP Crash Course for Exams

This document is a crash course on Java Object-Oriented Programming (OOP), covering key principles such as polymorphism, inheritance, encapsulation, and abstraction. It explains Java basics, including classes, objects, methods, exception handling, and I/O streams. Additionally, it highlights the differences between procedural programming and OOP, and provides insights into memory management and applet functionality.

Uploaded by

hegija1825
Copyright
© All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd

Java OOP Final Exam Crash Course

1. Introduction to Object-Oriented Programming & Java Basics

OOP = Object-Oriented Programming: Code is organized using objects & classes.

Principles of OOP:
- Polymorphism: One function, many forms (e.g., draw() in Circle, Square).
- Inheritance: One class inherits from another (e.g., Dog extends Animal).
- Encapsulation: Hides internal data (private variables with public methods).
- Abstraction: Shows only essential info (e.g., using interface or abstract class).

Procedural vs OOP:
- Procedural: Step-by-step instructions.
- OOP: Uses classes and objects.

Java Terms:
- JDK: Java Development Kit (tools + compiler)
- JRE: Java Runtime Environment (to run code)
- JVM: Java Virtual Machine (executes code independently)

Data Types: int, float, char, boolean, String


Control Statements: if, switch, for, while, do-while

2. Classes, Objects, and Methods

Class = Blueprint, Object = Instance of class


Real-world: Car class -> myCar object

Constructor: Special method to initialize objects.


- Default, Parameterized, Copy Constructor

Method Overloading: Same method, different parameters.

this: Refers to current object.


static: Belongs to class, not object.
Access Modifiers: private, public, protected, default

Memory:
- Stack: local variables, method calls
- Heap: object storage

Garbage Collection: Deletes unused objects.

Object class: Base of all classes.


toString(): Converts object to string.

3. Inheritance and Polymorphism


Java OOP Final Exam Crash Course

Inheritance: Parent class -> Child class (e.g., Animal -> Dog)
Types: Single, Multilevel, Hierarchical, Hybrid (via interface)

Method Overriding: Child class changes parent method.


super: Access parent class method.

final keyword:
- final variable: constant
- final method: can't override
- final class: can't inherit

Polymorphism:
- Compile-time: Method overloading
- Runtime: Method overriding, upcasting

Abstract Class: Cannot create object, has abstract methods.


Interface: Achieve multiple inheritance.

Real-life: USB interface used by Mouse, Keyboard, etc.

4. Exception Handling

Exception: Runtime error.


try-catch: Handle exceptions

throw: Throw exception manually


throws: Declare exception

finally: Always runs


finalize(): Runs before object destroyed

Checked: IOException, SQLException


Unchecked: ArithmeticException, NullPointerException

Custom Exception: Create user-defined exceptions by extending Exception class.

5. I/O Streams and Applet

Scanner: Easy input


BufferedReader: Faster input with buffer

FileInputStream/FileOutputStream: Read/write files

Applet:
- init(), start(), paint(), stop(), destroy()
- Can display text, graphics, animations
- JApplet: Swing-based applet
Java OOP Final Exam Crash Course

Scanner vs BufferedReader:
- Scanner: Easy, slower
- BufferedReader: Fast, needs InputStreamReader

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