Fluorescent Secondary School

Tokha-8 Baniyatar
Dashain and Tihar Vacation Assignment-2081
Subject: Science and Technology Class: 8
SET: 1
Objective Questions
Tick the best answer from the given alternatives. [10×0.5=5]
1. What makes the cell wall of a plant?
a. Chitin c. Cellulose
b. Peptidoglycan d. protein
2. Why does coccus belong to Monera?
a. It is a prokaryotic unicellular organism.
b. It is a eukaryotic unicellular organism.
c. It is a primitive multicellular organism.
d. It is a eukaryotic multicellular organism.
3. Riya is thinking of conserving an endangered animal. Which one of
the following actions to be taken by her represents the Ex-situ
method of conservation?
a. She keeps the animal in the national park.
b. She lets the animal live in the conservation area.
c. She keeps the animal in the zoo.
d. She keeps the animals in wildlife reserves.
4. What kind of velocity does a freely falling apple have?
a. increasing velocity c. uniform velocity
b. decreasing velocity d. acceleration
5. Which class of lever has a fulcrum between load and effort?
a. First class lever c. Third class lever
b. Second class lever d. Fourth class lever
6. Ram wants to measure the air pressure of the tube of his bike, which
device he needs to use?
a. Thermometer c. Lactometer
b. Vacuum gauge d. Barometer
7. In which of the following activities is, heat transmitted by the
radiation process?
a. Spoon kept in sunlight.
b. Spoon Immersed in a cup of tea is heated.
c. Spoon kept above the spirit lamp is heated.
d. water gets heated when the hot iron is kept in cold water.
8. What is the molecular formula of ammonium sulphate?
a. (NH3)SO2 c. (NH4)SO4
b. (NH3)2SO4 d. (NH4)2SO4
9. The colour of red litmus paper changes into……….. when dipped
in the base?
a. Red c. Colourless
b. Blue d. Green
10. Which statement is true for soft water?
a. It contains no salt.
b. It contains calcium bicarbonate.
c. It contains calcium sulphate.
d. It can produce more lather with soap.
Subjective Questions

A. Very short questions [16×1=16]

1. Name the system that protects our body against infection and cancer.
2. Respiration is the process of producing energy by utilizing food and
oxygen in the cell. Where does this process occur and which
chemical is formed during this process?
3. Food items are preserved under extreme cold temperature in
supermarkets. State the reason behind this.
4. What is In-situ conservation?
5. How do over-harvesting resources cause the loss of biodiversity?
6. When two bodies A and B are moving along a straight line in the
same direction and with the same velocity. What is the relative
velocity of A with respect to B? Show by calculation.
7. What can be done with a lever whose mechanical advantage is more
than 1?
8. Calculate the pressure exerted by the water tank of height 2 m at its
bottom if it is completely filled with water. (Density of water =
1000kg/m3)
9. How many bars are there in 1 atmospheric pressure? Show by
calculation.
10. Sun exists in outer space. Although there’s no medium its heat still
reaches the earth. How is it possible?
11. What would happen if very hot water is poured in a thick glass
tumbler?
12. Express the reaction between calcium carbonate and hydrochloric
acid in the form of balanced chemical equation.
13. There’s no change when substance Y is poured in phenolphthalein
but gives salt and water when reacted with NaOH. Identify
substance Y with reason.
14. What suggestions do you give to improve the declining agricultural
product due to acidic soil?
15. Why is metal extracted only from ores?
16. What would happen if washing soda is mixed in hard water?
B. Short questions [15×2=30]
17. Although bacteria and amoeba are both unicellular, they’re still
different in cellular basis. State the reason behind this variation.
18. Write any two demerits of the two-kingdom system of classification.
19. Observe the following diagrams and answer the questions, asked

A B C
i ) Name the organisms A,B and C. Which one of them is an
obligatory parasite and why?
ii ) Write one major application of organism C.
20. How do species diversity and genetic diversity differ?
21. Observe the given figure and answer the question, asked.

a. Identify the above figure. Which method of production do you

prefer and why?
22. A body in a uniform linear motion is not under acceleration but that
in a uniform circular motion is under acceleration. Why?
23. A car was moving at a speed of 90 km/hr when he saw a boy 20 m
ahead on the road. The driver jammed on the brakes and the car
came to rest after 1.2 seconds. Is the driver able to save the life of
the boy? Explain with calculation.
24. The efficiency of the machine is reduced because of the friction
between the moveable parts of the machine. How would you design
a new machine whose efficiency will be more than the previous
machine?
25. A man is using a 3 m long crowbar to lift a load of 1000 N by
applying 250 N effort as shown in the figure. Calculate the
efficiency of the lever.

26. Derive the formula P= hdg where the symbols have their usual
meaning.
27. Explain why transmission of heat is different in solids, liquid and
gas.
28. Account for a fact that valency of oxygen is 2 whereas that of neon
is 0.
29. We use aluminium hydroxide to reduce hyperacidity, why?
30. Classify hematite, sulphur, coal, and slate as metallic, non-metallic,
and energy minerals, and write two more examples of metallic and
non-metallic minerals.
31. How is brass different from bronze even if both are alloys of
copper?
C. Long questions [6×4=24]
32. How does classification of organism help to understand the
diversity of life in earth? Fungi is a non-green plant but it is
classified as a separate kingdom, why? How is bacteria being used
by mankind for beneficiary purpose?
33. Observe the given figure and answer the question.

a. Calculate the pressure exerted by the brick ‘a’ and brick ‘b’ on
the surface of the ground. (1+1)
b. Which brick exerts more pressure? Why? (0.5+1)
c. Write one application of pressure in daily life. (0.5)
34. People in the Tsum Valley of Gorkha district are facing the problem
of scarcity of drinking water and water for irrigation. What could be
the reason behind this issue and how can we minimize its effect?
Explain.
35. Mendeleev’s periodic table isn’t used to classify the elements, why?
On what basis, radicals are classified as electropositive and
electronegative? Calculate the molecular weight of washing soda.
36. Read the below-given conversation between Ram and Hari and
answer the questions related to it.
Ram: Hey Hari, have you ever heard about acid rain? I was reading
about it yesterday, and it seems like a pretty serious environmental
issue.
Hari: Yeah, I've heard about it, but I'm not entirely sure what causes
it or its effects. Can you tell me more?
Ram: Sure! Acid rain is rainwater that has become acidic due to
pollutants in the atmosphere. The primary cause of acid rain is the
 emission of sulfur dioxide (SO2) and nitrogen oxides (NO2) from
burning fossil fuels like coal and oil. These gases react with water
vapor and other atmospheric chemicals to form sulfuric acid
(H2SO4) and nitric acid (HNO3), which then fall to the ground when
it rains.
Hari: That sounds concerning. What are the effects of acid rain?
Ram: Acid rain has several harmful effects. Firstly, it can damage
natural environments, including forests, lakes, and rivers. The
increased acidity of the soil can harm plant life and aquatic
ecosystems. It also erodes buildings and statues, especially those
made of limestone or marble. Additionally, acid rain can have health
effects on humans, as it can lead to respiratory problems when
inhaled.
Hari: Wow, I had no idea it could have such a broad impact. Are
there any measures in place to control acid rain?
Ram: Yes, there have been efforts to control acid rain. One of the
main strategies is reducing emissions of sulfur dioxide and nitrogen
oxides from power plants and industrial sources. This can be
achieved through cleaner technologies, such as using low-sulfur coal
or installing scrubbers on smokestacks to remove pollutants.
Governments have also implemented regulations and emissions
trading programs to limit these emissions.
Hari: Thanks for explaining all this, Ram. We need to be aware of
environmental issues like acid rain and work towards solutions to
protect our planet.
Ram: You're welcome, Hari. I completely agree. It's our
responsibility to take care of our environment and ensure a healthier
future for all.
Question:
(i) Explain, why does acid rain occur more in city areas
(ii) Write how different gases change into acids.
(iii) Mention two other ways to mitigate the effects of acid rain.
(other than mentioned in the above given conversation)
37. Imagine you are a water resource manager and there is a scarcity of
water in city for household use. How would you convert the water
from rivers, wells and springs into reusable form? Write the possible
methods that can be used to make water reusable .Explain any two
methods along with reaction involved.
SET: 2
Objective Questions (10x0.5=5)
1. Which of the following is an example of a vector quantity?
a) Displacement b) Time
c) Mass d) Temperature
2. A car travels 200 kilometers east and then 150 kilometers west. What
is its total displacement?
a) 100 kilometers b) 50 kilometers east
c) 50 kilometers d) 150 kilometers west
3. For an ideal simple machine:
a) MA<VR b) MA>VR
c) MA=VR d) MA≤VR
4. If 80% of the energy supplied to a machine is utilized to do useful work,
then the efficiency of the machine is:
a) 20% b) 10%
c) 80% d) 90%
5. What is the molecular mass of water?
a) 18 amu b) 56 amu
c) 60 amu d) 100 amu
6. On what basis is the modern periodic table prepared?
a) Atomic number b) Atomic mass
c) Molecular mass d) Valency
7. What is the molecular formula of sodium carbonate?
a) Na2CO3 b) Na2HCO3
c) S2CO3 d) Na2 (HCO)3
8. Which cell organelle is responsible for photosynthesis?
a) Mitochondria b) Nucleus
c) Chloroplast d) Plastids
9. When was the report “our common future” published?
a) 1972 AD b) 2045 BS
c) 1987 AD d) 1927 BS
10. Which one is a non-metallic mineral?
a) Haematite b) Magnetite
c) Diamond d) Chalcopyrite
Subjective Questions
Group ‘A’ very short question. (16 x 1= 16 marks)
Answer the following questions.
1. What is the reference point?
2. How can we tell whether a body is in rest or motion?
3. A boy covers a distance of 500m in 1 minute. Calculate his speed.
4. Which type of lever is shown below? Why is this type of lever used?

5. VR has no unit. Why?

6. Mention any two ways to reduce friction.
7. Write the electronic configuration of Calcium and Neon.
8. Express 1 coulomb in terms of charge of electrons.
9. What are isotopes?
10. What is the valency of oxygen and calcium.
11. What is modern periodic law?
12. Write any two uses of minerals.
13. Mention the one-one major function of the nucleus and
mitochondria.
14. Write the full form of ATP.
15. Mention the types of bio-diversity.
16. What kind of development puts nature in priority?
Group ‘B’ Short questions (15x2=30 marks)
17. Rest and motion are called relative terms, why?
18. Differentiate between acceleration and retardation.
19. How is relative velocity calculated when:
 a. Two bodies A and B are moving in a straight line in a same
direction.
b. Two bodies A and B are moving in a straight line in the opposite
direction.
20. Write any two features of a third-class lever.
21. Why is the VR of a simple machine always greater than MA?
22. Two persons are not equally strong. One is weaker than other. They
are going to carry a wooden pole. Suggest them a way to carry the
wooden pole in such a way that the stronger person needs to apply
more effort and the weaker person needs to apply less force. Also
explain the scientific reason behind your answer.
23. What is a chemical reaction? Write any two pieces of information
which we obtain from a balanced chemical equation.
24. Draw the atomic structure and electronic configuration of the atom
whose atomic number is 19.
25. Why is it necessary to arrange elements in the periodic table?
26. Write any two properties of the minerals.
27. Minerals are the foundation of the physical development of the
countries. How does it help us?
28. Atoms are electrically neutral, why?
29. Draw a well-labelled diagram of an animal cell.
30. Differentiate between cell wall and cell membrane.
31. Explain the relation between cell, tissue and organ.

Group ‘C’ long questions (6 x 4=24marks)

32. A car moving along a straight highway at a speed of 216 km/h is
brought to rest at a distance of 200m
i) Calculate the acceleration or retardation of the car.
ii) How long does it take for the car to stop?
iii)If a bus was moving opposite to the car with a velocity of 40m/s,
find the relative velocity between them.

33. A person lifts a load of 400N with the help of a lever by applying an
effort of 100N. The load is kept at a distance of 40cm and the effort
is applied at a distance of 2m from the fulcrum. If the load is kept at
a distance of 80cm from the fulcrum, what change will occur in its
efficiency? Calculate.
34. Study the given diagram and answer the following questions:

Fig. a Fig. b
a. Write the name and symbol of the element represented by
fig a (1)
b. What is the valency of elements represented by fig.a and fig.b (1)
c. Between them which one is metal and which one is non-metal?
(0.5)
d. Write their position in the modern periodic table (1)
e. Write the name of the compound which is formed when they
react. (0.5)
35. i) Write down the balanced chemical equations for the following
word equation (2×1=2)
a. Potassium hydroxide +sulphuric acid  potassium
sulphate+water
b. Sodium + chloride  sodium chloride
ii) Write any two differences between periods and groups. (2)
36. Define biodiversity. Why is it important? Human activities are
considered as a threat for biodiversity, why? Mention some measures
to conserve the biodiversity.
37. Despite making efforts to meet sustainable development goal, Nepal
is still lagging behind, what are the reasons behind it? If you were
given an authority for conducting developmental activities in your
locality, what factors would you consider for making it a nature
friendly development?

Happy Dashain and Tihar