CASE-BASED/PASSAGE-BASED INTEGRATED QUESTIONS
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1. Read the following passage and answer the questions that follow: Solutions are homogeneous
mixture of two or more substances. Ideal solution follow Raoult’s law. The vapour pressure of each
component is directly proportional to their mole fraction if both solute and solvent are volatile. The
relative lowering of vapour pressure is equal to mole fraction of solute if only solvent is volatile.
Non-ideal solution form azeotropes which cannot be separated by fractional distillation. Henry’s law
is special case of Raoult’s law applicable to gases dissolved in liquids. Colligative properties depend
upon number of particles of solute. Relative lowering of vapour pressure, elevation in boiling point,
depression in freezing point and osmotic pressure are colligative properties which depend upon
mole fraction of solute, molality and molarity of solutions. When solute undergoes either association
or dissociation, molecular mass determined by colligative property will be abnormal. van’t Hoff
factor is used in such cases which is ratio of normal molecular mass over observed molar mass.
(a) 50 ml of an aqueous solution of glucose (Molar mass 180 g/mol) contains 6.02 × 1022 molecules.
What is molarity?
(b) Identify which liquid has lower vapour pressure at 90°C if boiling point of liquid ‘A’ and ‘B’ are
140°C and 180° respectively.
(c) What type of azeotropes are formed by non ideal solution showing negative deviation from
Raoult’s law?
(d) For a 5% solution of area (molar mass 60 g mol–1), calculate the osmotic pressure at 300 K (R =
0.0821 L atm k–1).
(e) Predict the van’t Hoff factor (i) CH3COOH dissolved in water, (ii) dissolved in benzene
(f) Why meat is preserved for longer time by salting
(g) Why 0.1 M KCl has higher boiling point than 0.1 M glucose solution?
2. Read the given passage and answer the questions that follow: Solution play a very important role
in our daily life. Alloys, homogeneous mixture of metal are solution of solid in solid. 1 ppm (parts per
million) of fluoride ions prevent tooth decay. All intravenous injections must be isotonic with our
body fluids, i.e. should have same concentration as blood plasma. Diabetic patients are more likely
to have heart attack and high blood pressure due to higher glucose level in blood. Common salt
increase blood pressure because Na+ mixes up with blood. Aquatic species are more comfortable in
cold water than warm water.
(a) 0.1 M glucose is not isotonic with 0.1 M KCl solutions. Why
(b) A solution contains 5.85 g of NaCl (molar mass 58.5 g mol–1) per litre of the solution, has osmotic
pressure 4.75 atm of 27°C. Calculate the degree of dissociation of NaCl in this solution. [R = 0.0821 L
atm K–1 mol–1
(c) What will happen if blood cells are placed in saline water (hypertonic solution)?
(d) Calculate the molality of ethanol solution in which mole fraction of water is 0.88.
e) What will happen if pressure applied on solution side is more than osmotic pressure, when
solvent and solution are separated by semipermeable membrane?
3.
(b) What is mathematical expression for Henry’s law?
(c) What does slope represent?
(e) Name two factors which affect the value of KH?
(d) What is effect of temperature and pressure on solubility of gas in liquid?
(a) What type of deviation is shown by minimum boiling azeotropes?
(b) Why does H2O and HCl mixture form maximum boiling azeotropes?
(c) What are azeotropes? How can be separate azeotropic mixture?
(d) Give one example of ideal solution. What type of liquids form ideal solutions?
(e) What will be vapour pressure of maximum boiling azeotrops?
(f) At what mole fraction of ‘A’, vapour pressure of A (P ° A = 450 mm) and vapour pressure of B (P °
B = 200 mm) in solution will be equal if both A and B form ideal solution
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