6 SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY
Introduction
The National curriculum Framework
2005(NCF 2005) is one of the most 3. To correlate scientific principles to the
comprehensive documents published in the student's experience.
last decade. It suggests radical changes in 4. To involve students in exploring topics
curricula for the country and offers an excellent through discussion and activity.
framework for preparing need based
curricula. While revising the syllabi for 5. To imbibe the spirit of enquiry in
Science and Technology, the position paper students through valuable learning
on science ( NCF 2005) has selected experiences through experiment.
"Learning without burden" as the main theme. 6. To help the students become
It also recommends a pedagogy which is autonomous learners.
hands-on and inquiry based. The present
syllabus of Science and Technology for Std.
IX and X is based on the principles and STD. X
themes suggested in NCF 2005. The Themes
are cross-disciplinary in nature: Food, 1. Materials
Materials, The world of the Living, How things 1.1 Acids and Bases: Acids, Bases and
work, Moving things; people and ideas; Salts: General properties, examples
Natural Phenomena and Natural Resources. and uses.
Some themes have been merged to 1.2 Chemical Reactions: Types of chemical
consolidate [Link] suggested in NCF reactions: combination, decomposition,
2005, unnecessary focus on enumeration has displacement double decomposition,
been avoided. More importance has been precipitation, and neutralization.
given to the processes in science rather than
focusing on only factual information. 1.3 Oxidation and Reduction: Oxidation and
Reduction in terms of gain and
Since the themes are inter-linked to loss of oxygen and hydrogen.
each other, the entire syllabus has been
integrated into one paper . This will facilitate 1.4 Metals and Non-Metals: Brief
better understanding of the subject across discussion on basic metallurgical
disciplinary boundaries and at the same time processes. Properties of common
expose students to many topics in Biology, metals. Elementary idea about bonding.
Physics and Chemistry.
1.5 Carbon Compounds: Elementary idea
Objectives about bonding. Saturated
1. To enable the students to "Learn without hydrocarbons, alcohols, carboxylic acids
Burden". (properties only)
2. To expose the students to a "hands-on
way’’ of learning science.
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1.6 Common chemicals used in daily life: 3.2. Magnets: Magnetic field, field lines.
Soap, common salt, Washing soda, Field due to a current carrying wire, coil,
Baking soda, bleaching powder, solenoid. Force on current carrying
Plaster of Paris. conductor. Fleming's Left Hand Rule.
Electric motor, electromagnetic
1.7 Classification of Elements: Brief
induction. Induced potential differences,
historical account, Mendeleev's periodic
induced current. Electric generator,
table, gradation in properties.
principle and working.
2. The World of the Living
Direct and Alternating current.
2.1. Life Processes: Definition of "Living Frequency of AC. Advantages of AC
things". Basic concept of nutrition, over DC. Domestic Electric Circuits.
respiration, transport and excretion in
4. Natural Phenomena
plants and animals.
4.1. Light : Convergence and Divergence
2.2. Control in the Living: Tropic movements
of Light.
in plants .Introduction to plant hormones;
control and coordination in animals; 4.2 Spherical Mirrors: Images formed by a
voluntary, involuntary and reflex action, concave mirror. Related concepts:
nervous system, chemical coordination, centre of curvature, principal axis,
animal hormones. optical centre, focus, focal length.
4.3 Refraction: appreciation of the concept
2.3. Reproduction in the Living: of refraction. Laws of refraction. Velocity
Reproduction in plants and animals. of light. Refractive index; twinkling of
Need for and methods of family stars; dispersion of light. Scattering of
planning. Safe Sex vs-. HIV/AIDS. Child light.
bearing and women's health.
4.4. Lenses: Images formed by a convex
2.4. Heredity and Evolution: Heredity, origin lens; functioning of the lens in the
of life- brief introduction, Basic concepts human problems of vision and their
of evolution.
3. Moving things. People and Ideas remedies. Application of spherical
mirrors and lenses.
3.1. Electric Circuits: Potential and potential
difference. Ohm's Law, Resistances 5. Pollution
in series and parallel. Power dissipated 5.1 Types of pollution - air, water, (fresh and
due to current. Inter relation between P, marine), soil, radiation, and noise.
V, I and R. 5.2 Sources of pollution and major
pollutants, oil spills
5.3 Effect of pollution on -environment,
human health and other organisms
remedies. Application of spherical
i) Litmus solution (Blue/Red)
mirrors and lenses.
ii) Zinc metal
5. Pollution
iii) Solid Sodium Carbonate
5.1 Types of pollution - air, water, (fresh and
marine), soil, radiation, and noise. 3. To determine the focal length of
5.2 Sources of pollution and major a) Concave mirror
pollutants, oil spills b) Convex lens by obtaining the image
5.3 Effect of pollution on -environment, of a distant object.
human health and other organisms 4. To trace the path of a ray of light
passing through a rectangular glass
5.4 Abatement of pollution
slab for different angles of incidence.
6. Striving for a Better Environment Measure the angle of incidence, angle
6.1 Use of efficient and eco-friendly of refraction, angle of emergence and
technology interpret the result.
6.2 Sustainable use of resources. 5. To study the dependence of current (I)
on the potential difference
6.3 Enforcement of acts, laws and policies
(V) across a resistor and determine
its resistance. Also plot a graph
STD. X between V and I.
PRACTICALS 6. To determine the equivalent resistance
LIST OF EXPERIMENTS of two resistors when connected in
series.
1. To find the pH of the following samples
by using pH paper universal indicator. 7. To determine the equivalent resistance
of two resistors when connected in
i) Dilute Hydrochloric acid
parallel.
ii) Dilute NaOH solution
8. To prepare a temporary mount of a leaf
iii) Dilute Ethanoic acid solution peel to show stomata.
iv) Lemon juice .
v) Water 9. To show experimentally that light is
necessary for photosynthesis.
vi) Dilute Sodium Bicarbonate
Solution. 10. To show experimentally that carbon
dioxide is given out during respiration.
2. To study, the properties of acids and
bases HCl & NaOH by their reaction
with
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11. To study (a) binary fission in Amoeba in the decreasing order of reactivity
and (b) budding in yeast with the help based on the above result.
of prepared slides. 15. To study the following properties of
12. To determine the percentage of water acetic acid (ethanoic acid):
absorbed by raisins. i) odour
13. To perform and observe the following ii) solubility in water
reactions and classify them into;
iii) effect on litmus
i) Combination Reaction . iv) reaction with sodium bicarbonate
ii) Decomposition Reaction
iii) Displacement Reaction
iv) Double Displacement Reaction
1. Action of water on quick lime. .
2. Action of heat on Ferrous Sulphate
crystals
3. Iron Nails kept in copper sulphate
solution
4. Reaction between Sodium sulphate and
Barium chloride solutions.
14. a) To observe the action of Zn, Fe, Cu
and Al metals on the following salt
solutions.
i) ZnS04 (aq.)
ii) FeS04 (aq.)
iii) CuS04 (aq.)
iv) Al2(S0)3 (aq.)
b) Arrange Zn, Fe, Cu and Al metals
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