NATIONAL VICTOR PUBLIC SCHOOL

CLASS-X
SUBJECT – INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY (402)

PART-B: UNIT IV: MAINTAIN HEALTHY, SAFE, AND SECURE WORKING ENVIRONMENT

1. Briefly explain the importance of health, safety and security at workplace.

Health, safety, and security in the workplace are important for compliance with laws and regulations.
They promote a positive work environment, minimize accidents, and boost employee morale and
productivity. Prioritising these aspects creates a safe, supportive, and efficient work environment.

2. State the most important purpose of health, safety and security policy in workplace.
The most important purpose of a healthy, safety and security in the workplace is to ensure the well-
being of the employees by providing safe working conditions free from recognised hazards that may
cause serious injuries or death.

3. List any two workplace safety hazards.

There are two workplace safety hazards
• Mishandling or poor maintenance of electrically powered equipment, can lead to fires, arc flashes, and
shocks.
• Slips, trips, and falls are the leading causes of workplace accidents and injuries, ranging from minor
bruises to severe traumas like head injuries, broken bones, sprains, and wounds.

4. Slips, trips, and falls at the workplace can lead to serious injuries. List any four preventive
measures against these hazards.
Four preventive measures against these hazards are:
• Keeping the walking surfaces clean, clear, and dry.
• Arrange the workplace in a clutter-free manner.
• Install proper lighting in the workplace areas to illuminate steps or other hazards.
• Immediately cleaning up split liquid, food, and other items that can cause slippage

5. What are the examples of potential hazards? List any two.

Examples of potential hazards at the workplace are:
• Handling Office Equipment: When people are in a hurry, they neglect to pay attention to the sharp
edges on their desk or other equipment, leading to injuries like cuts and puncture wounds.
• Hazards of using computers: Employees often spend long hours working on computer screens, which
may lead to eye strain and long-term vision issues.

6. Explain any five workplace safety rules.

Workplace safety rules are as follows:
• Ensure all pathways and work areas are free from obstructions.
• Prevent smoking at the workplace and on office premises.
• Ensure all machinery and equipment are properly maintained and in good working order.
• Shut down all the machines before leaving for the workplace.
• Ensure all work areas, corridors, and emergency exits have proper lighting.

7. What are electrical hazards and how can they harm people?
Electrical hazards are dangerous conditions or events that may occur due to electrically powered
equipment. These hazards can harm people when they come into contact with the source of electrical
energy. Severe injuries or fatalities can result from contact with live wires, leading to shocks or burns.
8. What are four ways to prevent fire hazards in the workplace?
Four ways to prevent fire hazards in the workplace are:
• Regular inspection and maintenance of cables and equipment to prevent overheating or sparking
should become compulsory.
• All employees should be regularly trained in fire safety procedures, such as the proper use of fire
extinguishers.
• Fire drills should be conducted at regular intervals.
• Sprinkler systems and smoke detectors should be tested regularly

9. What causes air and water pollution?

Air and water pollution can be caused by various factors.
Air pollution causes include dust particles in the air, vehicles emitting pollutants that are harmful,
industrial activities, and smog.
Water pollution causes include improper disposal of waste water and the use of strong chemical-based
fertilizers, which pollute the underwater.

10. Why is cleanliness important at the workplace?

Cleanliness is important in the workplace because it promotes a healthy and safe workplace
environment. A tidy workplace makes work easier and more efficient. Additionally, it creates a pleasant
and professional environment for employees.

11. What do you mean by ergonomics? List a few early warning signs?
Ergonomics is a process or practice for proper arrangement and design of workplace equipment and
tasks to allow a human being to work to their full potential. It is important to avoid repetitive strain
injuries and other musculoskeletal disorders. Some of the early warning signs are:
• Sore lower back, which happens due to incorrect sitting posture.
• Burning sensation in the upper back, which happens due to poor upper back support.
• Dry eyes or redness, which happens due to prolonged screen time without blinking.

12. How can musculoskeletal problems be prevented?

To prevent musculoskeletal problems, do the following:
• To ensure that the seat is at your knee level, adjust the height of the chair and maintain a posture of
90° or more at the hips and knees.
• Keep your shoulders relaxed while using the mouse or keyboard.
• Sit on a chair with maximum contact between your back and the backrest.
• Take small breaks in between while working on the computer.

13. What type of monitor is suitable to work?

A display screen with higher resolution and a larger display size is suitable. They provide better
readability with adequate space between lines and text. Additionally, the screen should be free from
glare and display a flicker free image.

14. Explain the steps an organization can take for clean water and air in the surrounding.
Steps an organisation can take for clean water and air in the surrounding area include:
• Minimising dust by focusing on improved ventilation, regular cleaning, and proper waste disposal.
• Limit vehicle usage by implementing a “no vehicle day “each week.
• Ensure proper treatment of waste water.

15. What causes a stiff neck, and what is the remedy for it?
A stiff neck can be caused by working with your head turned to the side, tilting your head forward, or
holding the telephone between ear and shoulder. The best practice to overcome this is to reorient the
monitor screen so that it is in the centre of the desk.
[Link] are the types of accidents that can occur in the workplace?
Types of accidents that can occur in the workplace include:
• Accident due to fire or an explosive substance.
• Accidents due to electric shocks or burns.
• Accident resulting from the collapse of an entire structure, like a wall and roof
• Accidents involving elevators, such as jerks, movement issues, or tripping.

17. How do you protect yourself, your employees, and your business from accidents?
To protect yourself, your employees, and your business from accidents, establish
comprehensive safety protocols and emergency response plans. Ensure regular safety
training, maintain proper equipment, and adhere to workplace safety standards.

18. What are the three main types of fire hazards that require assessment in the workplace?
The three main types of fire hazards that require assessment in the workplace are electrical,
combustible, and flammable hazards. Electrical hazards result from damaged extension cords, blocked
electrical panels, heaters, and overloaded circuits. It can also be due to an arc flash. To mitigate these
risks, regular maintenance of electrical equipment and power cords is essential.
Additionally, fire can also be caused by improper storage of flammable materials or combustible dust.
They both require proper handling and storage.

19. How can fire safety be ensured at the workplace?

Fire safety can be ensured at the workplace by doing the following things:
• All employees should receive regular training in fire safety procedures, including the proper use of a
fire extinguisher.
• Fitting relevant equipment throughout the building, like smoke alarms and sprinklers.
• Conduct regular inspection and maintenance of electrical equipment to prevent faults that could lead
to fires.
• Clearly mark emergency exits with neon signs and ensure they are well-lit. Emergency exit routes
should be kept clear and accessible at all times.

20. What are the guidelines for handling accidents in the workplace?
To handle work related accidents, the primary concern is the safety of the affected employee.
Immediate actions should include evaluating the situation and providing appropriate treatment. If
necessary, seek emergency medical assistance and notify the employee's family.
After ensuring employee safety, proper paperwork and documentation must be completed. Following
the investigation, adequate measures should be taken to prevent the recurrence of the incidents.

21. What are the various types of fire extinguishers and their extinguishing material?
There are four types of fire extinguishers, each designed for specific types of burning material:
Class A used to extinguish fires involving wood, paper, and cloth materials. Class B used to extinguish
fires involving liquid, grease, and gas materials. Class C used to extinguish fires involving electrical
materials. Class D used to extinguish fires involving aluminum, magnesium, potassium, and sodium
materials.

22. What precautions should be taken when approaching an electrical accident scene?
When approaching an electrical accident scene, take the following precautions:
• Remain calm before taking action, and also handle the situation calmly. Do not rush into an accident
situation.
• Immediately contact emergency services by dialing 108.
• Keep a safe distance, at least 20 feet away, until you find it is safe to visit the place.
23. What safety measures should you take if you need to rescue someone from high voltage?
In case of high voltage take the following safety measures:
• Wait for emergency services to arrive before attempting any rescue.
• Wear protective equipment, such as gloves and shoes,
• Special training is required for rescue.
• Ensure the power is off to avoid any other hazards.

24. What are the general procedures for evacuating a workplace during an emergency?
General procedures for evacuating a workplace during an emergency are:
• The first person to notice the emergency should activate the emergency alarm or inform a senior
officer and proceed to leave the building immediately.
• Upon noticing a hazard, be safe, and then alert the emergency control personnel of your organisation
as soon as possible.
• Remain calm, avoid panic, and proceed calmly and without pushing others towards the exit.
• Alert others to the nature and location of an emergency as you leave.

25. List the first aid treatment guidelines for electrical burns.
The first aid treatment guidelines for electrical burns are:
• Check the victim's condition, like breathing, pulse, and consciousness.
• Give Cardio-Pulmonary Resuscitation (CPR) if the victim is not breathing or has no pulse.
• If the victim has electrical burns, treat those burn areas by covering them with a clean, dry cloth and
avoid applying ice.
• Stay with the victim and monitor the condition and be ready to provide further aid as needed until
help arrives.
• Comfort the victim while waiting for emergency responders.