TENSES

PRESENT SIMPLE TENSE

APA ITU SIMPLE PRESENT TENSE?
If you want to talk about an action which is happening in the present
moment, you will be using the present simple tense. This is a tense
commonly used within the English language and comes with its own set of
grammar rules. It is important to understand these rules and know how to
use them so that your speech is clear and comprehensive.

The simple present tense of English language verbs is more complicated than
the name suggests. In English grammar, the simple present tense is one of
the verb forms associated with the present tense.

The simple present tense is typically used for the following four general
cases:

 To express facts, general statements of truth, and common-sense

ideas that everybody knows.
 To state habits, customs, and events that happen periodically.
 To describe future plans and events.
 To tell jokes, stories, and relate sporting events in real-time.

The key thing that simple present tense verbs ARE NOT used for is to talk
about an action that subject is performing in the present. That usage is more
geared towards present participles.
The first person, second person, and third person plural regular verbs are
straightforward and are just like the infinitive form of the verb most of the
time.

The third person singular has a couple rules associated with it that may take
a bit of memorization at first but will become second nature through
repetition.

 To most regular verbs, add an s’ at the end.

 To verbs that end in s’, ss’, sh’, ch’, th’, x’, z’, or o’, add an es’.
 To verbs that end in y’, drop the y’ and add ies’.

Examples:

 Infinitive: To Go
 First Person: I go/We go
 Second Person: You go
 Third Person: He goes/They go

 Infinitive: To study
 First Person: I study/We study
 Second Person: You study
 Third Person: She studies/They study

 Infinitive: To Mix
 First Person: I Mix/We Mix
 Second Person: You Mix
  Third Person: He mixes/They mix

The simple present tense can be combined with several expressions to

indicate the time when an action occurs periodically, such as “every
Tuesday”, “always”, “usually”, “twice a month”, etc…Additionally, this form
can be made negative or can be used in the interrogative form as well. There
is a lot of flexibility to this so-called simple tense to express complex ideas.

In the next section are ten examples to demonstrate the different spellings
and the various use cases described above. After that are several exercises to
provide practice identifying the different forms of the simple present
tense verb. As always, a good way to continually reinforce this information is
to try and identify this type of verb while reading and always, always, always
keep a dictionary or google search window handy.

STRUKTUR
Present Simple Tense with “TO BE” (am/is/are)
Affirmative sentence:
S + am/is/are + predicate…
Example:
He is a doctor.

Negative Sentence:
S + am/is/are + not + predicate…
Example:
He isn’t a doctor.

Interrogative Sentence:
Am/Is/ Are + S + predicate?
Example:
Is he a doctor?

Simple Present Tense with Other Verbs

Affirmative sentence:
S + verb + object…
Example:
We like tea.

Negative sentence:
S + don’t/doesn’t + verb + object…
Example:
We don’t like tea.

Interrogative sentence:
Do/ Does + S + verb + object?
Example:
Do you like tea?

CONTOH
1. In the United States, Daylight Saving Time begins on the second
Sunday in March and ends on the first Sunday in November.
2. My wife and I drink a toast to the New Year every January 1st.
3. So, a horse walks into a bar and the bartender says “Why the
long face?”….
4. My company issues promotions and raises next week.
5. The human body maintains a temperature of 98.6 degrees.
6. Do you like my cat?
7. Does my dog wake you up when he barks at night?
 8. I always feed my kids before sending them off to school.
9. The best student in the class studies twice as much as anyone.
10. The chef mixes fish shrimp with steak to make the best surf’ n
turf’ in town.

PENGGUNAAN PRESENT SIMPLE

The Present Simple Tense Usage
The Present Simple tense is used to express:

1) General Truth
Example:
The sun rises in the east.
2) Habits
Example:
I play badminton every Tuesday.
3) Future Timetables
Example:
Our train leaves at 9 am.
4) Future after “When”, “Until”…
Example:
I won’t go out until it stops raining.
5) Permanent Situations
Example:
He works in a bank.
6) For Newspaper Headlines
Example:
Man enters space.
7) With Non-progressive
Example:
I believe that you are innocent.
8) When Telling Stories
Example:
Suddenly, the window opens and a masked man enters.
 9) For Giving Directions and Instructions
Example:
First of all, you break the eggs and whisk with sugar.

NOTES
The basic form of the simple present is the same as the base form of the verb,
unless the subject is third person singular, in which case a form with the
addition of -(e)s is used.
 For pronouns I, you, we, they, there is no modification for verbs.
 For pronouns he, she, it, a suffix is added following these rules:
For verbs that end in –o, –ch, –sh, –s, –x, or –z, the suffix –es is added
Examples:
Do – Does
Touch – Touches
Fix – Fixes
For verbs that end in a consonant + y, the letter y is replaced by the suffix –
ies.
Example:
Try – Tries
Study – Studies
Carry – Carries
In other cases, the suffix –s is added.
Examples:
Cook – Cooks
Say – Says
Laugh – laughs
EKSPRESI WAKTU DALAM PRESENT SIMPLE
 This evening
 At 10 am
 When
 Until
 As soon as
 After
 Before
 Twice a month
 Every Tuesday
 Often
 Sometimes
 …

CHART
LATIHAN
Instructions: Each question will present a sentence with one or
more empty spaces. The correct form of the verb or verbs must
be selected from the answers given (A,B,C,D).

1. My neighbor _____ the lawn for me every Saturday morning.

 Is mowing
 Mowed
 Mow
 Mows
2. I _____ early to work on Mondays to check my agenda and
plan my week’s schedule.

 Arrive
 Am arriving
 Arrived
 Arrives
3. My dog _____ at the postal worker as I _____ the door to
retrieve the daily mail.
 Has Barked/Open
 Barks/Open
 Barks/Opens
 Barked/Opened

4. So, I ____ to the guy, “Get your own monkey!”

 Am saying
 Have said
 Says
 Say

5. I ____ from home every weekday except Tuesday since my

boss pays for lunch.

 Works
 Worked
 Work
 Am Working

6. Can you _____ my dog while I am out of town?

 Walked
 Are walking
 Walks
 Walk
7. When the moon _____ tonight, my children and their friends
will camp out back together.

 Is rising
 Risses
 Rise
 Rises

8. If you just ____ a little bit harder every day at school, you can
be anything you want to be when you grow up.

 Have tried
 Tries
 Are trying
 Try

9. I usually ____ an apple, a banana, and an orange for lunch,

except for Tuesdays when I ____ tacos.

 Buies/Eat
 Buys/Eats
 Buy/Eat
 Buys/Eat

10. ____ me with you when you ____ to the fair!

 Takes/Go
 Take/Go
 Takes/Goes
 Taking/Going