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Arduino-Based Automatic Parking System

The document outlines the design and development of an automatic parking system using Arduino, IR sensors, and a servo motor to manage vehicle entry and exit. The system operates through a closed-loop control mechanism, utilizing feedback from sensors to automate the opening and closing of a parking gate. Future improvements include adding an LCD for parking availability, using ultrasonic sensors for better accuracy, and incorporating IoT capabilities.

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minae4051
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32 views8 pages

Arduino-Based Automatic Parking System

The document outlines the design and development of an automatic parking system using Arduino, IR sensors, and a servo motor to manage vehicle entry and exit. The system operates through a closed-loop control mechanism, utilizing feedback from sensors to automate the opening and closing of a parking gate. Future improvements include adding an LCD for parking availability, using ultrasonic sensors for better accuracy, and incorporating IoT capabilities.

Uploaded by

minae4051
Copyright
© All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd

Topic

Automatic Parking System Using


Arduino

Done by Ahmed wael 122200009


Hassan Youssef 192000026
Mohamed Khaled 122200001
Mostafa Sayed 192200092

Course Automatic Control MCT316

Submitting to Prof/ Rania El Swefy Eng/ Noour


Mandour
Automatic Parking System Using Arduino
1. Introduction
Due to the massive rise in the use of vehicles, parking management has
become a significant challenge in the field of engineering. An automatic
parking system reduces labor, as well as traffic congestion, besides
optimizing parking space. This particular project explains the design and
development of a basic automatic parking system with the use of an Arduino
microcontroller, IR sensors, a servo motor, and 3D printed mechanical
components, which can sense the presence of a car and operate a parking
gate.
The project is a demonstration of how sensors, actuators, and control
systems are used together, thus a real-world application of control systems
and mechatronics.

2. Project Objectives

The goals of this project are: - Design an automatic parking gate system with
the use of Arduino. - Design an entrance and exit vehicle sensing system
that uses IR sensors. - Design a system that uses a servo motor for a parking
barrier. - Design a basic automatic control logic sensing system. - Design a
system that uses a 3D printer for the fabrication of mechanical components.
3. System Overview
The automatic parking system is composed of: - Two IR sensors for car
detection. - An Arduino board, which is the control center. - The servo motor
is used to open and close the gate. - 3D-printed parts used in making the
gate and supporting the sensors.
Once a vehicle draws near the entrance, the first IR sensor is activated,
which sends a signal to the Arduino. The Arduino sends a signal to a servo
motor, which rotates to open the gate. Once the vehicle passes, triggering
the second IR sensor, the Arduino sends a signal to close the gate.
4. Hardware Components
4.1 Arduino Micro
The Arduino is considered the brain of the entire setup. It is responsible for
reading signals from the IR sensors, interpreting them, and providing control
signals to the servo motor. It is very easy to program, thus the best tool for
use in educational control projects.
4.2 IR Sensors
There are two Infrared sensors used, namely: - IR Sensor 1 (Entry Sensor).
This sensor is used to detect the approaching vehicle. - IR Sensor 2
(Exit/Confirmation Sensor). This sensor is used to detect the vehicle as it
moves past the gate.
Functioning of IR sensors: Every IR sensor emits infrared light, which reflects
back from objects around it.
4.3.1
The parking barrier is controlled with a servo motor. It has the following
advantages: - Accurate angular positioning - Low power usage - Easy
interfacing with the Arduino microcontroller
The servo moves to a certain angle to open the gate, then moves back to its
initial position to close the gate.

4.4 3
It is used for the following 3D prints: - Parking gate arm - Sensor holder -
Structural supports
This facilitated rapid prototyping, customization, and minimizing costs.
5. System Working Principle
The system employs a closed-loop control idea that uses feedback from
sensors:
The system begins with the gate closed.
On approaching a vehicle, the IR Sensor 1 gets activated.
It is processed by the Arduino, which turns the servo to open the gate.
The vehicle moves through the gate.
The IR Sensor 2 captures the vehicle after passing.
The servo motor is commanded back to the closed position by the Arduino.
This is to ensure automated and accurate running of the process without the
need for human operation.

6. Type of Control System


6.1 Control Type Used
The parking system developed employs a closed loop, on-off (bang-bang)
control system with discrete event-driven logic.
Closed-Loop Control: The system uses feedback from the IR sensors to make
a determination on what control action needs to be taken. The presence or
lack of a vehicle has a direct effect on the position of the servo motor.
On-off control: The actuator (or servo motor) switches merely between the
gate being open and the gate being closed. There is no manipulation of the
control process that is proportional.
Event-driven control: The control actions are event-driven, such as when IR
Sensor 1 is activated or IR Sensor 2 is activated.

Such a control system is most suitable for small systems because of its
simplicity, reliability, and ease of implementation.
7. Control Logic & Algorithm

The control logic relies on simple conditions such as:


If IR Sensor 1 is triggered, Open gate

If IR Sensor 2 is activated: Close gate


This is a simple event-driven auto-control system where the logic is that the
sensors directly impact the actuators.
8. Software Implementation
The programming language used for the Arduino is the Arduino IDE, which is
C/C++. The code consists of: Pin setup for sensors and the servo -
Continuous check of the states of the IR sensors - Control of the position of
the servo, which is dependent on the [Link] software facilitates smooth
functioning, which avoids unnecessary movement of the servos.

9. Conclusion
The automatic parking system worked fine:
- The cars were recognized correctly by the IR sensors.
- The servo motor reacted properly to the signals from the sensors.
- The 3D-printed parts offered enough mechanical [Link] system
illustrated how simple control methods can be used for real-world problems.

10. Advantages of the System


Inexpensive to purchase and implement Less human assistance Modular
design, which is capable of being Uses for educational and prototype
development
11. Limit
Limited sensing range of IR sensors Only usable small scaled car parking
systems No vehicle counting, display, and system
12. Future Improvements
The following are some of the potential improvements that can be made: -
The addition of an LCD screen to show available parking spots - The use of
ultrasonic sensors for improved accuracy - The incorporation of car count
logic - The incorporation of IoT capabilities for remote accessibility
13. Conclusion
This project is a successful implementation of an automatic parking system
that uses an Arduino, IR sensors, and a servo motor. The project uses the
basic notions of automatic control, which include sensing, deciding, and
acting. The employment of 3D-printed parts is a demonstration of
contemporary prototyping methods. The project is a solid base for
developing full-fledged intelligent parking systems.
The arduino code :

#include <Servo.h>

#define IR1 2
#define IR2 3
#define SERVO_PIN 10

Servo gate;

void setup() {
pinMode(IR1, INPUT);
pinMode(IR2, INPUT);

[Link](SERVO_PIN);
[Link](0); // ‫السيرفو مقفول‬
}

void loop() {

// ‫لو أي حساس اشتغل‬


if (digitalRead(IR1) == LOW || digitalRead(IR2) == LOW) {
[Link](90); // ‫فتح السيرفو‬
delay(5000); // 5 ‫ثواني‬
[Link](0); // ‫قفل السيرفو‬
delay(500); // ‫منع التكرار‬
}
}

#include <Servo.h>

#define IR1 2
#define IR2 3
#define SERVO_PIN 10

Servo gate;

void setup() {
pinMode(IR1, INPUT);
pinMode(IR2, INPUT);

[Link](SERVO_PIN);
[Link](0); // ‫السيرفو مقفول‬
}

void loop() {

// ‫لو أي حساس اشتغل‬


if (digitalRead(IR1) == LOW || digitalRead(IR2) == LOW) {
[Link](90); // ‫فتح السيرفو‬
delay(5000); // 5 ‫ثواني‬
[Link](0); // ‫قفل السيرفو‬
delay(500); // ‫منع التكرار‬
}
}

Common questions

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The closed-loop control system enhances the functionality of the automatic parking system by using feedback from the IR sensors to determine control actions. This approach ensures that the system only opens or closes the gate based on the presence or absence of a vehicle. This feedback mechanism allows the system to adapt to dynamic conditions and makes it more reliable and efficient in managing vehicle entry and exit without human intervention .

In the closed-loop control system of the automatic parking system, sensor feedback is crucial for determining control actions. The IR sensors provide real-time data on vehicle presence at the entrance and exit points. This feedback enables the Arduino to instruct the servo motor to open or close the gate accordingly. Such sensor feedback ensures that the system responds accurately to real-world conditions and maintains automated control of parking operations .

3D printing technology benefits the automatic parking system by enabling rapid prototyping, customization, and cost minimization. Specific parts like the parking gate arm, sensor holder, and structural supports are 3D-printed, which allows for quick adjustments and modifications to the design. This flexibility is particularly advantageous in educational and prototype development settings where iterative testing and refinement are required .

The main components of the automatic parking system are the Arduino microcontroller, IR sensors, a servo motor, and 3D-printed mechanical components. The system functions as follows: The IR sensors detect the presence of a car approaching the entrance. The first IR sensor sends a signal to the Arduino, which then sends a signal to the servo motor to open the gate. Once the vehicle passes and triggers the second IR sensor, the Arduino sends a command to close the gate. This setup illustrates the integration of sensors, actuators, and microcontrollers in controlling entry and exit automatically .

The use of a servo motor in the automatic parking system provides several advantages: it enables accurate angular positioning, requires low power consumption, and allows for easy interfacing with the Arduino microcontroller. This makes the servo motor an efficient choice for controlling the gate's opening and closing, contributing to the system's overall reliability and functionality .

Improvements to enhance the accuracy and functionality of the automatic parking system could include the addition of an LCD screen to display available parking spots, the use of ultrasonic sensors for better accuracy, incorporation of car count logic, and integration of IoT capabilities for remote monitoring and control. These enhancements would address current limitations, such as the limited sensing range of IR sensors and the lack of vehicle counting, and would make the system more versatile and robust .

The Arduino microcontroller acts as the brain of the automatic parking system. It reads signals from the IR sensors and processes this information to control the servo motor that operates the parking gate. The Arduino is programmed to execute a continuous loop that checks the state of the sensors and adjusts the position of the servo motor accordingly, thus facilitating automated vehicle entry and exit management .

The automatic parking system could serve as a foundation for future intelligent parking systems by demonstrating essential concepts of sensing, decision-making, and actuation with the use of low-cost components. The integration of Arduino with IR sensors and servo motors illustrates a scalable model that can be further developed with additional technologies such as IoT, advanced sensor systems, and real-time data processing. This setup can evolve into more sophisticated systems capable of managing larger parking facilities, providing real-time information on parking availability, and offering mobile app integration for user convenience .

The limitations of the current automatic parking system include the limited sensing range of IR sensors and its suitability only for small-scale car parking systems. Additionally, the system does not incorporate vehicle counting or display capabilities. These factors limit the system's scalability and application in larger or more complex parking environments, as it cannot efficiently manage large volumes of traffic or provide real-time parking information .

The event-driven control logic simplifies the implementation and operation of the automatic parking system by relying on straightforward conditions: opening the gate when IR Sensor 1 is triggered and closing it when IR Sensor 2 is triggered. This approach minimizes the complexity of the control process and makes the system more reliable and easier to implement, as it does not require intricate proportional control calculations. It is particularly suited for small systems due to its simplicity and efficiency .

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