SET A
1)AIM:
To determine the weight of an object using the principle of moments
APPARATUS REQUIRED:
A metre scale, a knife edge, slotted weights,thread
FORMULA:
𝑤₂ ×𝑑₂
Unknown weights W₁ = x10 ⁻³ kg
𝑑₁
W1 = known weightx 10 ⁻³ kg
W2 = unknown weight x 10 ⁻³ kg
d1,d2 = distances x10 ⁻² m
PROCEDURE:
A metre scale is supported at its centre of gravity
by a knife [Link] that the scale is in the
horizontal [Link] the knife edge from one
side and unknown weight on the other side. Adjust
the distance of unknown weight such that the
scale is in equilibrium. Measure the distance.
OBSERVATIONS:
Serial Known weight Known weight distance Unknown weight w₂ ×d₂
Number W2 × 10 ⁻³ distance
kg d2 x10 ⁻² m Unknown weight W₁ = ——— x10 ⁻³ kg
d1 X 10 ⁻² m d₁
1 40 20 20 40
60 20 30 40
2
CALCULATION:
40 ×20 60 ×20
(1) Unknown weight W₁=
20
=40x10 ⁻³ kg (2) unknown weight W₁=
30
= 40x10 ⁻³ kg
RESULT:
Using the principle of moments the weight of the unknown body is 40 ×10 ⁻³ kg
4)AIM:
To test the dissolution of given salt is exothermic? Or Endothermic?
APPARATUS REQUIRED:
Two beakers, thermometer,stirrerer,weighted amount of two samples
PRINCIPLE:
If the reaction are process liberates the heat then it is called Exothermic
If the reaction are process absorbs the heat then it is called Endothermic
PROCEDURE:
Add the sample into the separate beakers and stirr well. Note the temperature by using thermometer.
OBSERVATION:
Serial number Sample Temperature before addition of Temperature after addition of Inference
sample (⁰C) sample (⁰C)
1 A 28 38 Temperature [Link]
2 B 28 18 Temperature [Link]
RESULT:
[Link] A EXOTHERMIC 2. Sample B ENDOTHERMIC
8)AIM:
To prove that oxygen is evolved during photo synthesis
APPARATUS REQUIRED:
Test tube,funnel,beaker,pond water and hydrilla plant
PROCEDURE:
Take a few twigs of hydrilla plant in a beaker containing pond water as shown in the figure and keep the
apparatus in the sunlight for few hour.
OBSERVATION: After one hour it is noted that water gets displaced down from the test tube
INFERENCE:
Hence it is proved that oxygen is evolved during photo synthesis.
—---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
12) IDENTIFICATION:
The given model is identified as L.S. of HUMAN BRAIN
NOTES:
1. The human brain is divided into three parts namely fore brain, midbrain and hind brain
2. It is the controlling centre of all the body activities
3. The brain is enclosed in the cranial cavity
[Link] KUMAR
BT - KARAMADAI - COVAI
SET B
2)AIM:
To determine the focal length of a convex lens by using (i) Distance object method (ii)U-V method
APPARATUS REQUIRED:
A convex lens, stand,wire gauze object,screen and measuring scale
FORMULA:
𝑢𝑣
FOCAL LENGTH OF THE CONVEX LENS f = x 10 ⁻² m
𝑢+𝑣
f - focal length of the convex lens x 10 ⁻² m
U - distance between the object and the convex lens x 10 ⁻² m
V - distance of the image from the convex lens x 10 ⁻² m
PROCEDURE:
DISTANCE OBJECT METHOD:
Fix the convex lens on the stand and adjust the position of the convex lens to
get the image is sharp. Measure the distance between the screen and convex
lens (f). This is known as the focal length of the given convex lens.
U-V METHOD:
After finding the focal length “U” is going to be
fixed with less than 2f,2f and greater than 2f
positions. Then adjust and get the clear
image of the object by moving the screen.
Note the values “U” and “V”
OBSERVATION:
f=10 cm 2f = 20 cm
Serial Object distance x 10 ⁻² m Image distance x10 ⁻² m 𝑢𝑣
number f= x 10 ⁻² m
𝑢+𝑣
1 18 22 9.9
2 20 20 10
3 22 18 9.9
Average 9.93
CALCULATION:
𝑢𝑣
Focal length of a convex lens f=
𝑢+𝑣
x 10 ⁻² m
18𝑥22 20𝑥20 18𝑥22
(1) f = 40
=9.9 cm (2) f = 40
= 10 cm (3) f = 40 = 9.9 cm
RESULT:
Focal length of a convex lens (f)
(1) By distance object method = 10 x 10 ⁻² m
(2) U-V method = 9.93 x 10 ⁻² m
5)AIM:
To test the solubility of the given salt
APPARATUS REQUIRED:
Beaker, stirrer distilled water,salt samples.
PRINCIPLE:
A solution in which no more solute can be dissolve in the solvent at a given temperature is called saturated
[Link] the solvent can dissolve more solute than what is present the solution is called unsaturated solution
PROCEDURE:
Adding the 25 grams of salt with distilled water in a beaker and stir [Link] added 11 grams of salt. Stir the
[Link] added 1 gram of [Link] the observations.
OBSERVATION:
Serial number Amount of salt (grams) Observation Inference
1 25 dissolved Unsaturated
2 25+11=36 dissolved Saturated
3 25+11+1 = 37 Undissolved Super Saturated solution
RESULT:
It is in food that the amount of salt required for saturation is 36 grams
—-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
10)AIM: To study the law of dominance by using Pea plant
APPARATUS REQUIRED :
Colour chalk pieces, Checker board
PROCEDURE: Depict parental generation and the gamets by using colour chalk pieces.
INFERENCE:
PHENOTYPE RATIO - 3:1 [ 3 Tall:1 Dwarf]
GENOTYPE RATIO- 1:2:1 [ 1TT, 2 Tt, 1 tt ]
—---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
13) IDENTIFICATION: The given slide is identified as RED
BLOOD CELLS
PROPERTIES:
(i) They are bi concave and disc shape
(ii) Haemoglobin is a respiratory pigment which gives red colour
(iii) It transports oxygen
(iv) They are not have the nucleus
PLASMIC RETICULUM CYTOPLASM
[Link] KUMAR
BT - KARAMADAI - COVAI
SET C
3)AIM:
To determine the resistivity of given material of wire
APPARATUS REQUIRED:
A coill of wire, screw gauge , a meter scale, battery, key, ammeter, voltmeter rheostat and connecting wires.
FORMULA:
𝐴
Resistivity ρ = (
𝐿
)RΩm
A - Area of cross section of the wire 𝑚²
L - Length of the coil of wire m
R - resistance of the coil of wire Ω
CIRCUIT DIAGRAM:
PROCEDURE:
Make an electrical connection as shown in the above figure. Note the changes in ammetre and voltmeter reading by
changing the battery voltage
OBSERVATIONS
(1) To find the resistance:
Serial number Ammeter reading - I (A) Volt meter reading - V (V) 𝑉
Resistance R= 𝐼 Ω
1 0.2 0.4 2
2 0.3 0.6 2
mean 2
(ii) To find the diameter of the wire using screw gauge.
Least count (L.C) = 0.01 mm Zero Error (Z.C)= Nil
Serial Pitch scale reading Head scale Head scale reading Total reading
number PSR (mm) coincidence HSR=(HSCxLC) ± ZR (mm) PSR +HSR (mm)
(HSC)
1 1 63 0.63 1.63
2 1 65 0.65 1.65
mean 1.64
−3 −3
CALCULATION: Radius of the wire= diameter /2 =1.64x10 / 2 = 0.82 x10 m
2 −3 −3 −6
Area of cross section of the wire A=π𝑟 =3.14 x0.82 x10 x0.82 x10 =2.11x 10 𝑚²
Length of the wire L = 1m
𝐴 −6
Resistivity ρ = (
𝐿
) R =4.22 x 10 Ωm
−6
RESULT: The resistivity of the material of the wire ρ = 4.22 x 10 Ωm
6)AIM:
To verify the presence of water molecules in the given hydrated salt
PRINCIPLE:
Water of hydration is the phenomenon shown by certain salts in which water molecules are present inside the
[Link] are responsible for the colour and geometry.
MATERIALS REQUIRED:
Test tube, copper sulphate , sprit lamp, tongs.
PROCEDURE:
A pinch of crystalline copper sulphate taken in a test tube and heated for
sometime. Water droplets are seen on the inner walls of the test tube.
RESULT:
Given sample A water of hydration is present
Given sample B water of hydration is absent
—-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
9) IDENTIFICATION:
Given flower is : Hibiscus
DISPLAY AND SUBMISSION: Dissected floral parts are displayed and it is submitted
INFERENCE:
Identified the Accessory organ and Reproductive organ.
—---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
14) IDENTIFICATION:
The flag labelled Endocrine gland is identified as Thyroid gland.
LOCATION:
Thyroid gland is a bilobed gland located in the neck region on either side of the trachea.
HORMONES SECREATED: Tri iodo thyronine ( T3) and Thyroxine ( T4)
FUNCTIONS OF HORMONES:
(i) It regulates iodine and sugar in blood
(ii) It regulates metabolism
(iii) It is also known as “ Personality Hormone”.
[Link] KUMAR
BT - KARAMADAI - COVAI
SET D
AIM:
To determine the weight of an object using the
principle of moments
APPARATUS REQUIRED:
A metre scale, a knife edge, slotted weights,thread
FORMULA:
𝑤₂ ×𝑑₂
Unknown weights W₁ = x10 ⁻³ kg
𝑑₁
W1 = known weightx 10 ⁻³ kg
W2 = unknown weight x 10 ⁻³ kg
d1,d2 = distances x10 ⁻² m
PROCEDURE:
A metre scale is supported at its centre of gravity by a knife [Link] that the scale is in the horizontal [Link] the
knife edge from one side and unknown weight on the other side. Adjust the distance of unknown weight such that the
scale is in equilibrium. Measure the distance.
OBSERVATIOPNS:
Serial Known weight Known weight distance Unknown weight w₂ ×d₂
Number W2 × 10 ⁻³ distance
kg d2 x10 ⁻² m Unknown weight W₁ = ——— x10 ⁻³ kg
d1 X 10 ⁻² m d₁
1 40 20 20 40
60 20 30 40
2
CALCULATION:
40 ×20 60 ×20
(2) Unknown weight W₁=
20
=40x10 ⁻³ kg (2) unknown weight W₁=
30
= 40x10 ⁻³ kg
RESULT:
Using the principle of moments the weight of the unknown body is 40 ×10 ⁻³ kg
—--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
7)AIM:
To identify the presence of an acid or a base in a given sample
MATERIALS REQUIRED:
Test tubes, test tube stand, glass rod, phenolphthalein, methyl orange, sodium carbonate salt and the given sample.
PROCEDURE:
Serial Experiment Observation Inference
number
1 Test solution+phenolphthalein No colour change Presence of acid
2 Test solution+methyl orange Solution turns pink in colour Presence of acid
3 Test solution+sodium carbonate Brisk effervescence occurs Presence of acid
RESULT:
The given solution contains ACID.
11) IDENTIFICATION: The Given slide is identified as T.S. of Dicot root
REASONS:
(i) Radial vascular bundle.
(ii) Endodermis contains pathcells.
(iii) Two to four xylem are present.
—------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
PLASMIC RETICULUM CYTOPLASM
13) IDENTIFICATION: The given slide is identified as RED BLOOD CELLS
PROPERTIES:
(i) They are by concave and disc shape
(ii) Haemoglobin is a respiratory pigment which gives red colour
(iii) It transports oxygen
(iv) They are not have the nucleus
[Link] KUMAR
BT - KARAMADAI - COVAI