Tutorial 1

Prof. Dr. Hamdy A. Kandil

• C7.113
• [Link]@[Link]
MSc. Simone Sami
• C1.201
• [Link]@[Link]
[Link]. Moahmed Amr ElSheshtawy
• C7.116
• [Link]-mahmoud@[Link]
Eng. Zyad Tarek
• C1.201
• [Link]@[Link]
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Fluid Mechanics

➢ What is fluid mechanics?

➢ Applications of Fluid Mechanics.

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Fluid Properties
• Fluid mass density, 𝝆
𝒎
𝝆=
𝑽
• Specific Volume
𝑽 𝟏
𝒗= =
𝒎 𝝆
• Specific weight, 𝜸
The weight per unit volume.
𝒎𝒈
𝜸= = 𝝆𝒈
𝑽
• Specific gravity, 𝑺𝑮
which is the ratio of the specific weight or density of
the fluid with respect to that of the water at standard
atmospheric pressure.
𝝆 𝜸
𝑺𝑮 = =
𝝆𝒘𝒂𝒕𝒆𝒓 𝜸𝒘𝒂𝒕𝒆𝒓
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Fluid Properties
• Problem 1:
A certain object weighs 300 N at the earth’s surface. Determine the mass of the object (in kilograms
assume g =10 m/s2) and its weight (in newton) when located on a planet with an acceleration of gravity
equal to 4.0 ft/s2 .
W=300N, M=?
M= W/g
M =300/10=30 Kg

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Fluid Properties
• Problem 1:
A certain object weighs 300 N at the earth’s surface. Determine the mass of the object (in kilograms g
=10 m/s2) and its weight (in newton) when located on a planet with an acceleration of gravity equal to
4.0 ft/s2 .
W=300N, M=?
M= W/g
M =300/10=30 Kg
g = 4.0 ft /s2
g= 4*0.3048=1.2192 m/ s2
W= M*g= 36.576 N

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Fluid Properties
• Problem 2:
The density of a certain type of jet fuel is 805 kg/m3 . Determine its specific weight and specific
gravity . (assume g =10 m/s2)

𝜌 = 805 𝐾𝑔/𝑚3 , 𝛾 = ? 𝑆. 𝐺 = ?
𝛾 = 𝜌 ∗ 𝑔 = 805 ∗ 10 = 8050 𝑁/𝑚3
𝛾𝑚𝑎𝑡𝑒𝑟𝑖𝑎𝑙 𝜌𝑚𝑎𝑡𝑒𝑟𝑖𝑎𝑙 805
𝑆. 𝐺 = = = = 0.805
𝛾𝑤𝑎𝑡𝑒𝑟 @4℃ 𝜌𝑤𝑎𝑡𝑒𝑟 @4℃ 1000

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 Dimensional Analysis
• Problem 3:
Verify the dimensions, in and MLT systems, of the following quantities:
(a) angular velocity
Var. MLT Units
(b) energy
(c) moment of inertia (area) ω rad/s = 1/s

(d) power E Joule = Kg m2/s2

(e) pressure
𝐼𝑥 m4

Power Watt = Kg m2/s3

Pressure Pa = N/m2

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 Dimensional Analysis
• Problem 3:
Verify the dimensions, in MLT systems, of the following quantities:
(a) angular velocity
(b) energy Var. MLT Units
(c) moment of inertia (area)
ω 𝑇 −1 rad/s = 1/s
(d) power
(e) pressure E 𝑀𝐿2 𝑇 −2 Joule = Kg m2/s2

𝐼𝑥 𝐿4 m4

Power 𝑀𝐿2 𝑇 −3 Watt = Kg m2/s3

Pressure 𝑀𝐿−1 𝑇 −2 Pa = N/m2

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 Dimensional Analysis
• Problem 4:
Verify the dimensions, in MLT systems, of the following quantities:
(a) Acceleration Var. MLT Units
(b) Stress
(c) moment of a force a m/s2

(d) Volume stress N/m2

(e) work
Moment Nm

V m3

Work Nm

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 Dimensional Analysis
• Problem 4:
Verify the dimensions, in MLT systems, of the following quantities:
(a) Acceleration
Var. MLT Units
(b) Stress
(c) moment of a force a 𝐿𝑇 −2 m/s2
(d) Volume stress 𝑀𝐿−1 𝑇 −2 N/m2
(e) work
Moment 𝑀𝐿2 𝑇 −2 Nm

V 𝐿3 m3

Work 𝑀𝐿2 𝑇 −2 Nm

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Viscosity
• Viscosity is the resistance for any fluid to flow.

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Viscosity
𝑉𝑥
• 𝐹 = 𝜏𝐴 = 𝜇𝐴
𝑦
𝑑𝑉𝑥
•𝜏= 𝜇 For
Force, 𝑭
𝑑𝑦 Newtonian-
Fluids

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Viscosity
• Problem 5:
Crude oil having a viscosity of 9.52x10-4 lb.s/ft2 is contained between parallel plates. The bottom
plate is fixed and upper plate moves when a force P is applied. If the distance between the two plates
is 0.1 in, what value of P is required to translate the plate with a velocity of 3 ft/s? The effective area
of the upper plate is 200 in2

𝜇 = 9.52 ∗ 10−4 𝑙𝑏𝑠/𝑓𝑡 2 , ℎ = 0.1 𝑖𝑛 , 𝑣 = 3 𝑓𝑡/𝑠 , 𝐴 = 200 𝑖𝑛2 , 𝑃 = ?

𝑉𝑥
𝐹 = 𝜏𝐴 = 𝜇𝐴 =𝑃
𝑦
200 3
𝑃 = 9.52 ∗ 10−4 ∗ ∗ 0.1
122
12
𝑃 = 0.476 𝑙𝑏

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Viscosity
• Problem 6:
A piston having a diameter of 5.48 in. and a length of 9.5 in. slides downward with a velocity V
through a vertical pipe. The downward motion is resisted by an oil film between the piston and the
pipe wall. The film thickness is 0.02 in. and the cylinder weighs 0.5 lb. Estimate V if the oil viscosity
is 0.016 lb.s/ft2 . Assume the velocity distribution in the gap is linear.

𝑙𝑏𝑠
𝑑 = 5.48 𝑖𝑛 , 𝑙 = 9.5 𝑖𝑛 , ℎ = 0.02 𝑖𝑛, 𝑤𝑒𝑖𝑔ℎ𝑡 = 0.5 𝑙𝑏𝑓 , 𝜇 = 0.016 2 , 𝑣 = ?
𝑓𝑡
𝑉𝑥
𝐹 = 𝜏𝐴 = 𝜇𝐴
𝑦
𝑉𝑥
9.5 0.02
0.5 = 0.016 ∗ 𝜋 ∗ 5.48 ∗ 2 ∗
12 12

𝑣 = 𝑉𝑥 = 0.0457 𝑓𝑡/𝑠

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 Viscosity
• Problem 7:
The viscosity of liquids can be measured through the use of a rotating
cylinder viscometer of the type illustrated in Fig. P1.70. In this device the
outer cylinder is fixed and the inner cylinder is rotated with an angular
velocity ω. The torque 𝒯 required to develop ω is measured and the
viscosity is calculated from these two measurements. (a) Develop an
equation relating μ, ω, 𝒯, l, Ro, and Ri. Neglect end effects and assume
the velocity distribution in the gap is linear.

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 Viscosity
• Problem 7:
𝒯: 𝑇𝑜𝑟𝑞𝑢𝑒
𝒯 = 𝐹 ∗ 𝑅𝑖
𝜔: 𝑎𝑛𝑔𝑢𝑙𝑎𝑟 𝑣𝑒𝑙𝑜𝑐𝑖𝑡𝑦 𝑑𝑉𝑥
𝐹 = 𝜇𝐴
𝑙: 𝐶𝑦𝑙𝑖𝑛𝑑𝑒𝑟 𝑙𝑒𝑛𝑔𝑡ℎ 𝑑𝑦
𝑉𝑥 𝑅𝑖 𝜔
𝜂: 𝑣𝑖𝑠𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑖𝑡𝑦 𝜏 = 𝜇 ∗ 2𝜋𝑅𝑖 ∗ 𝑙 ∗ = 𝜇 ∗ 2𝜋𝑅𝑖 ∗ 𝑙 ∗
𝑦 𝑅𝑜 − 𝑅𝑖
𝜏: 𝑠𝑡𝑟𝑒𝑠𝑠 𝑅𝑖 𝜔
𝒯 = 2𝜋𝑅𝑖2 𝑙 ∗ 𝜇
𝑅𝑜 − 𝑅𝑖
2𝜋𝜇𝑅𝑖3 𝑙𝜔
𝒯=
𝑅𝑜 − 𝑅𝑖

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Bulk’s Modulus

• Bulk’s Modulus
is a measure of how resistant to compression that substance is.

∆𝒑
𝜷=
−∆𝑽
𝑽

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Bulk’s Modulus

• Problem 8:
In a test to determine the bulk modulus of a liquid it was found that as the absolute pressure was changed
from 15 to 3000 psi the volume decreased from 10.214 to 10.138 in3 . Determine the bulk modulus for this
fluid.

𝑃1 = 15 𝑝𝑠𝑖 , 𝑃2 = 3000 𝑝𝑠𝑖, 𝑉1 = 10.214, 𝑖𝑛3 𝑉2 = 10.138 𝑖𝑛3 , 𝜷 = ?

∆𝒑
𝜷=
−∆𝑽
𝑽
3000 − 15
− 10.138 − 10.214
𝛽=
10.214

𝛽 = 401168 𝑝𝑠𝑖

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