Fluid Mechanics

Tutorial 5
Fluid Kinematics
• Velocity Field:
➢Steady vs. Unsteady
➢Uniform, one-, two- or three-dimensional

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Fluid Kinematics
• Acceleration Field:

𝑑𝑉 𝑑𝑡 𝜕𝑉 𝜕𝑥 𝜕𝑉 𝜕𝑦 𝜕𝑉 𝜕𝑧
𝑎= + + +
𝑑𝑡 𝑑𝑡 𝜕𝑥 𝜕𝑡 𝜕𝑦 𝜕𝑡 𝜕𝑧 𝜕𝑡

𝑑𝑉 𝜕𝑉 𝜕𝑉 𝜕𝑉
= +𝑢 +𝑣 +𝑤
𝑑𝑡 𝜕𝑥 𝜕𝑦 𝜕𝑧
Local Advective Acceleration
Acceleration

𝜕𝑢 𝜕𝑢 𝜕𝑢 𝜕𝑢
ax = +𝑢 +𝑣 +𝑤
𝜕𝑡 𝜕𝑥 𝜕𝑦 𝜕𝑧
𝜕𝑣 𝜕𝑣 𝜕𝑣 𝜕𝑣
ay = +𝑢 +𝑣 +𝑤
𝜕𝑡 𝜕𝑥 𝜕𝑦 𝜕𝑧
𝜕𝑤 𝜕𝑤 𝜕𝑤 𝜕𝑤
az = +𝑢 +𝑣 +𝑤
𝜕𝑡 𝜕𝑥 𝜕𝑦 𝜕𝑧
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 Velocity Field
• Problem 1:
20𝑦 20𝑥 𝑓𝑡 20𝑦
The velocity field of a flow is given by 𝑽 = 1 𝑖− 1 𝑗 , where 𝑥 and 𝑦 are in meter. 𝑢= 1 𝑖
2 2 2 2 𝑠
𝑥 +𝑦 2 𝑥 +𝑦 2 𝑥2 +2
𝑦 2
a) Determine the fluid speed at the points along the 𝑥 axis; along the 𝑦 axis. −20𝑥
𝑣= 1 𝑗
b) What is the angle between the velocity vector and the x axis at (5,0), (5,5), and (0,5)? 2 2
𝑥 +𝑦 2

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The Acceleration Filed
• Problem 2:
Determine the acceleration field for a fluid flow with the following velocity components:
𝑢 = −𝑥, 𝑣 = 4𝑥 2 𝑦 2 , 𝑤 = 𝑥 − 𝑦

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Flow visualization
• Problem 3:
A velocity field represents a possible incompressible flow field given by:
𝑉 = 0.5 𝑥 𝑖 − 0.5 𝑦 𝑗
a) Describe the flow field: steady or unsteady/ uniform, one , tow, three –dimensional.
b) Determine the velocity and acceleration (magnitude and direction) of a particle at the point
(𝑥𝑜 , 𝑦𝑜 ) = (3.5).
c) Obtain an equation for the streamlines in the 𝑥𝑦 plane and plot the streamline passing through
the point (𝑥𝑜 , 𝑦𝑜 ) = (3.5).
d) If the particle passing through the point (𝑥𝑜 , 𝑦𝑜 ) is marked at t=0, determine the location of the
particle at t=5 sec. Show that the equation of the pathline is the same as the equation of the
streamline.

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• Problem 4:
A steady, incompressible, 2D velocity field is given by:
𝑉 = 5 + 3 𝑥 𝑖 + (4 − 3𝑦)𝑗
Where x- and y-coordinates are in meters and the magnitude of the velocity is in m/s. The x- and y-component of
acceleration at point (x,y)=(0,0), are:

A 3, −3 𝑚/𝑠2 B 5, 4 𝑚/𝑠2
C 15, −12 𝑚/𝑠2 D 5, −3 𝑚/𝑠2
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• Problem 5:
What is the equation of the streamline that passes through the point (2,3) at t=1, if the velocity field is given by
𝑉 = 𝑥2 𝑡 𝑖 − 2𝑥𝑦𝑡 𝑗.

A 𝑦 = 12 𝑥2 B 𝑥2𝑦 = 12
C 𝑥𝑦2 = 2 D 𝑥2 = 2𝑦
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