NATIONAL POLYTECHNIC INSTITUTE

PROFESSIONAL UNIT
INTERDISCIPLINARY SCIENCES
SOCIAL AND ADMINISTRATIVE

INDUSTRIAL ENGINEERING

UNIVERSAL MEASURING MACHINE

Professor Jorge Magriñá Ocampo

Alumnos: Aldana Pacheco Carlos Jair
White Blas Anai
Diego De La Cruz Esquivel

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 UNIVERSAL MEASURING MACHINE
Universal Measurement Machine (UMM). Based on an optical system with
amplifications of the lenses, allows readings to be taken through three microscopes
micrometric (they have mechanical displacements in the three coordinate axes). They
auxiliary of an electronic comparator for its adjustment. It is a high accuracy equipment and
with a wide range of applications (readings can be taken in polar coordinates).
General Principles of Metrology.
Area for measurements. It must be clean and with controlled temperature.
a sudden variation in temperature will produce an error in the measurement). The temperature
internationally adopted for measurements is 20 0.5°C (installations of
air conditioning.
Vibrations. They are incompatible with precision measures (they alter them) and
they harm the various organs and optical images.
Humidity. In the spaces designated for measurement, humidity must be controlled, this...
it harms any measuring instrument and the pieces to be measured (40% 10% of H.R.)
Heat from the Table. The contact of hands warms the measuring instruments and
the pieces to be measured by falsifying the measurements; the pieces heat up faster with the
manipulations and they cool slowly in the still air. The material must be known and
its coefficient of expansion of the pieces to be measured and of the measuring instruments for
take precautions for temperature changes when making measurements, the
that must be related to a temperature of 20°C.
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 UNIVERSAL MEASURING MACHINE

Cleaning of the pieces to be measured. Meticulous cleaning is mandatory.

Powders, fatty bodies, and various particles can significantly distort the result.
It is important that when making all the adjustments, they are done in the same direction, in order
to avoid confusion, acquire the greatest manual skill, and eliminate errors
humans that can be produced (the adjustment of the electronic comparator).
Mathematical aspects must be considered to obtain better precision of the
readings, such is the arithmetic mean of a series of measures that will be the most value
probable of the sought magnitude. Where:
L1L2 .......... ..  Ln M = Arithmetic mean
M L = Lecturas
n n = Number of readings
In values that deviate too much from the arithmetic mean, it is advisable to discard them.
(there may be some error), it should be measured at least 20 times. For a
greater accuracy, statistical and mathematical principles must be considered.
Team characteristics. The 'MUM' can measure lengths in coordinates.
rectangular, thanks to three sliders (longitudinal, transverse, and vertical), with
linear displacements whose amplitudes are measured on their respective scale
main and with the help of the corresponding microscopes with micrometric grid.
The measurements in polar coordinates achieved by combining the rotation angles of a
circular plate divisor with linear displacements of some of the sliders.

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 UNIVERSAL MEASURING MACHINE

Measurement Procedure. The "MUM" can measure in three directions (longitudinal,

transversal and vertical), it can perform countless operations on different pieces
mechanical, as long as it is within its dimensional and operational capacity.
The reading in millimeters is taken from a graduated ruler, and the approximation reading
it is taken from a microscope when amplifying this reading, aided by a comparator
electronic, which is used to align or adjust the piece on one side and the other so that
always apply the same pressure of the probe on the piece to be measured. The probe
empleado es multidireccional y sufre una fuerza de palpación entre 100 y 400 g.
For taking readings; the millimeters are taken from the scales installed on the machine.
and the fractions of mm are taken from the microscopes by turning the fine adjustment knob,
so that one of the 10 pairs of numbered strokes fits into one of the scale
principal symmetrically; always having only one coincidence. This amount of 1/10
it is read later on the limbo the amount indicated by index X, this amount
of 1/100 and 1/1000 of mm. Also estimating fractions of m.
In the acetate on page 5, a reading of 0.6125 mm is shown, taken on the ruler.
graduated. The measurement is taken by differences of two readings (between the reading of
origin and end, carried out after a displacement). As can be seen the
machine can read 0.5 m.

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UNIVERSAL MEASURING MACHINE

Universal Measuring Machine

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UNIVERSAL MEASURING MACHINE

Example of a Measurement
L = 0.6125 mm
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 UNIVERSAL MEASURING MACHINE

The graduation of the rules and the goniometers must be calibrated by institutions.
recognized and thereby achieve optimal accuracy in the measurement of parts, where the
tolerances are too tight and strict.
The main scales have the same coefficient of expansion as steel, that is,
11.5 x 10-6 1/°C, with this the correction for temperature different from 20°C is excluded.
for steel or cast iron parts, provided that they are at the temperature of
laboratory.
In taking readings, it is necessary to verify the temperature (normalized to 20°C + 0.5
°C), but if this temperature is not the normalized one, it must be controlled.
in a way that is constant throughout the measurement, in order to know the correction
by temperature.
This temperature correction (C1), it is thermal type deformation:
Where:
sT L T STThermal deformation
L = Mean length at 20°C
Thermal constant of the material
Where: T = Temperature variation
TFAverage constant temperature during
the verification.
T 20°C = Normalized temperature at

T TFT20 C 
20°C.
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 UNIVERSAL MEASURING MACHINE
6

Correction 3
by temperature 2

0
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9
h

Another correction of measurement is that of the probe used when measuring.

Correction due to the C2 probe.
With the help of a standard block (pattern block), where its value is known.
Where:
a1It is the initial reading
a2It is the end of the reading
5.0000 Value of the reference block for this example
It has to be:
C2= a2 - a1 5.0000 mm.

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 UNIVERSAL MEASURING MACHINE

When verifying a piece of length L, it will then be necessary to carry out the required actions.
corrections C1y C2.
Yes:
a3It is the initial reading of the piece
a4It is the final reading of the piece.
We will have to:
L1= a4 - a3
Where:
L1It is the measurement taken by microscopes
L = (L1–C2) + C1.
C1It will be positive or negative depending on whether the temperature was during the measurement.
to say. Whether the piece contracted or expanded.
It will be negative in case of expansion and positive in case of contraction.

Different types of verification. The longitudinal slide supports the workpiece table.
to which the appropriate accessories for the type of measurement to be performed can be attached. In the
transversal and vertical slide carries its respective microscope for the capture of
readings.

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Some accessories applicable to this machine allow to expand its field of use to
the most diverse angular measurements, obtaining readings on a drum
micrometric. The degrees are read on a large circular limb, and the minutes and seconds
in that micrometric drum.
For the measurement of profiles (threads, templates, etc.), the machine is equipped with a
collimator device for diascopic lighting, this lighting is achieved by having the light come from
behind the piece towards the objective of the microscope; the reading focus microscope
with its respective episcopal lighting system, where the light comes from above.
Lengths can be measured, for example, in gauges, rods, micrometer verification.
of interiors, etc., with the help of a double support with 'V' supports, which places the rod in
longitudinal position and adjustable in horizontal and vertical direction.
Regarding threads, the outer diameter can be measured using feelers, the
core with a set of patterned prisms, the average diameter using calibrated wires
and the passage of the thread, being able to have as many outer threads as inner ones.

Example of a Measurement. In some parts it is necessary to verify both

Dimensions such as angles, in what is called conicity. This instrument determines
with great accuracy of the angle presented in certain pieces.

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The measurement method is carried out by aligning the conical piece along a longitudinal axis, a
Once aligned, the readings of both the major and minor diameters are taken.
with the help of the microscope with a transverse slide; by moving the piece
longitudinally it is necessary to take the readings in their respective microscope to
to know the length that exists between the readings taken of the two diameters. With these
we can easily determine the conicity.

C=D-d/L
Tg = D–d/2L
Where:
C = Conicity
D = Diámetro mayor
d = Diámetro menor
L = Length The Dimension
Piece angle of the probe
it is a constant

C2

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Block Patron, what is it Verification of the

a known value piece

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Eyepieces for the Workshop Microscope

Plato goniometer type

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Verification of a rope in the MUM

Dm

1 mm = 0.05"

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 UNIVERSAL MEASURING MACHINE
Readings

4
6
5
7
6
8
7
0 2 4 6 8 9 0 2 4 6 8 8
10
9
11
10
12
11
1 3 5 7 9 13 1 3 5 7 9
12
14
13
15
14
16

8
12
9
13
10
14
11
15
0 2 4 6 8 12 0 2 4 6 8 16
13
17
14
18
15
1 3 5 7 9 1 3 5 7 9
19
16
20
17
21
18
22

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 Universal Measuring Machine
Readings

1 15
2 16
3 17

4 18
0 2 4 6 8 5 0 2 4 6 8 19

6 20

7 21

8 22
1 3 5 7 9 1 3 5 7 9
9 23
10 24
11 25

4 14

5 15

6 16

0 2 4 6 8 7 0 2 4 6 8 17
8 18

9 19

10 20
1 3 5 7 9 11 1 3 5 7 9 21

12 22

13 23

14 24

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