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CIRCLE THEOREMS – GRADE 11

CIRCLE THEOREMS PROOFS:

1. THE ANGLE AT THE CENTRE IS TWICE THE ANGLE ON THE CIRCUMFERENCE

𝑥𝑦
A
O 𝑥 𝑦
O D 2𝑥 2𝑦
2𝑥 2𝑦
𝑥 𝑥
𝑦
B C
C
B
D
fig 1 fig 2

To prove: 𝐵𝑂𝐶 = 2𝐴

Construction: Connect AO and extend to D

PROOF:

Fig 1 Fig 2

Let 𝐵𝐴! 𝑂 = 𝑥 Let 𝐵𝐴! 𝑂 = 𝑥

So 𝐵! = 𝑥 OB = OA , radii So 𝐵! = 𝑥 OB = OA , radii
and 𝐵𝑂! 𝐷 = 2𝑥 ext < of ∆𝐵𝑂𝐴 and 𝐵𝑂! 𝐷 = 2𝑥 ext < of ∆𝐵𝑂𝐴

Let 𝐶𝐴! 𝑂 = 𝑦 Let 𝐶𝐴! 𝑂 = 𝑦

So 𝐶! = 𝑦 OC = OA , radii So 𝐶! = 𝑦 OC = OA , radii
and 𝐶𝑂! 𝐷 = 2𝑦 ext < of ∆𝐶𝑂𝐴 and 𝐶𝑂! 𝐷 = 2𝑦 ext < of ∆𝐶𝑂𝐴

So 𝐶𝑂! 𝐵 = 2𝑥 + 2𝑦 So 𝐶𝑂! 𝐵 = 2𝑦 − 2𝑥
= 2(𝑥 + 𝑦) = 2(𝑦 − 𝑥)
= 2 𝐴! = 2 𝐴!

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 CIRCLE THEOREMS – GRADE 11

2. OPPOSITE ANGLES OF A CYCLIC QUADRILATERAL ARE SUPPLEMENTARY

A
𝑥

2𝑦
O
2𝑥

B C
𝑦
D

To prove: 𝐴! + 𝐷
! = 180°

Construction: Connect 𝐵𝑂 and 𝐶𝑂

PROOF:

Assume 𝐵𝑂! 𝐶 = 2𝑥 and reflex 𝐵𝑂! 𝐶 = 2𝑦

So 𝐴! = 𝑥 < at center = 2 x < on circ

!=y
𝐷 < at center = 2 x < on circ

But 2𝑥 + 2𝑦 = 360° Revolution

∴ 𝑥 + 𝑦 = 180°

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 CIRCLE THEOREMS – GRADE 11

3. THE ANGLE BETWEEN A TANGENT AND A CHORD = THE ANGLE IN THE OPPOSITE
SEGMENT ON THE CIRCUMFERENCE

D D
A A
𝑥
𝑥
B
O O
B
𝑥

𝑥
1 1
P C C P

Fig 1 = Acute angle figuur 2 = Obtuse angle

To prove: 𝐶!! = 𝐵𝐴! 𝐶 To prove: 𝐶!! = 𝐴𝐵! 𝐶

Construction: Draw diameter COD and draw DA Construction: Draw diameter COD and draw DA

PROOF: PROOF:

Let 𝐷𝐴! 𝐵 = 𝑥 Let 𝐷𝐵! 𝐴 = 𝑥

So 𝐵𝐶! 𝐷 = 𝑥 <s in the same segment DB So 𝐴𝐶! 𝐷 = 𝑥 <s in the same segment DB

𝑂𝐶! 𝑃 = 90° tan PC ⊥ radius OC 𝑂𝐶! 𝑃 = 90° tan PC ⊥ radius OC

𝐷𝐴! 𝐶 = 90° < in semi circle 𝐷𝐵! 𝐶 = 90° < in semi circle

𝐶!! = 90° − 𝑥
𝐶!! = 90° + 𝑥
𝐵𝐴! 𝐶 = 90° − 𝑥
𝐴𝐵! 𝐶 = 90° + 𝑥
𝐶!! = 𝐵𝐴! 𝐶
𝐶!! = 𝐴𝐵! 𝐶

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 CIRCLE THEOREMS – GRADE 11

4. THE LINE FROM THE MIDPOINT OF A CIRCLE PERPENDICULAR TO A CHORD, BISECTS

THE CHORD.
5. THE LINE FROM THE MIDPOINT OF A CIRCLE TO THE MIDPOINT OF A CHORD, IS
PERPENDICULAR TO THE CHORD.

O
O

1 2
1 290° A l B l C
A B C

Fig 1 fig 2

To prove: 𝐴𝐵 = 𝐵𝐶 To prove: 𝑂𝐵! 𝐶 = 90°

Construction: Draw AO and CO Construction: Draw AO and CO

PROOF: PROOF:

In ∆ 𝐴𝑂𝐵 𝑎𝑛𝑑 ∆𝐶𝑂𝐵: In ∆ 𝐴𝑂𝐵 𝑎𝑛𝑑 ∆𝐶𝑂𝐵:

1) AO = OC radii 1) AO = OC radii

2) !
𝐵! = 𝐵!! =90° given 2) AB = BC given

3) OB = OB common side 3) OB = OB common side

∆ 𝐴𝑂𝐵 ≡ ∆𝐶𝑂𝐵 ( 90° ; ℎ ; 𝑠) ∆ 𝐴𝑂𝐵 ≡ ∆𝐶𝑂𝐵 ( 𝑠 ; 𝑠 ; 𝑠)

∴ 𝐴𝐵 = 𝐵𝐶 ∴ 𝐵!! = 𝐵! !

But 𝐵!! + 𝐵! ! = 180°

So 𝐵!! = 𝐵! ! = 90°