ASSIGNMENT COMPUTER SCIENCE GRADE 8 TERM -1 AY
(2025-2026)
Network Protocols Part A – Understanding (Knowledge Based):
Four Layers of TCP/IP Model (Brief):
1. Application Layer – This layer is for the user’s apps like web browsers, email, and WhatsApp. It gives
services to people.
2. Transport Layer – This layer makes sure the data goes safely and in the correct order from one computer
to another. Example: TCP.
3. Internet Layer – This layer handles IP addresses and decides the best path for data to travel. Example: IP.
4. Network Access Layer – This is the bottom layer that sends the data physically through Wi-Fi, Ethernet,
or cables.
Match the Protocols with Layers
Application Layer → HTTP, FTP, DNS, SMTP
Transport Layer → TCP
Internet Layer → IP
Network Access Layer → Wi-Fi, Ethernet
Part B – Real-Life Scenarios (Application & Critical Thinking):
1. WhatsApp Voice Message
Application Layer: WhatsApp uses internet services (may use HTTP/HTTPS, DNS)
Transport Layer: Uses TCP (for reliability) or UDP (for faster streaming)
Internet Layer: IP is used to find your friend’s device across the world
Network Access Layer: Wi-Fi / Mobile Data (Ethernet if on PC)
Why TCP is preferred sometimes?
TCP is used when accuracy is more important than speed (like sending a file, email, or
banking).
UDP is used for things like live streaming or gaming, where speed is more important than
perfect accuracy.
2. School Computer Lab Can’t Access Google
If the network is connected but Google’s site won’t open, the first thing to check is DNS at
the Application Layer.
Reason: DNS translates the website name ([Link]) into an IP address. If DNS fails,
you cannot reach the website.
3. Protocols as Social Rules:
Example: Traffic Lights vs. Internet Protocol
Traffic lights guide cars to move safely without crashes.
Similarly, IP gives addresses and rules so data packets don’t “crash” and reach the right
place.
Part C – Challenging Task (Higher Order Thinking):
1- Design a simple illustrated flowchart showing how an email you send travels from
your computer to a friend’s device, labeling the protocols involved (e.g., SMTP, DNS, IP,
TCP).
5. Imagine a new futuristic device is invented that allows “hologram calling.” Which
existing protocols might it use, and which new protocols might need to be created?
Justify your
If a new futuristic device for “hologram calling” was invented, it would still use many of the
existing internet protocols but would also need some new ones.
Existing protocols it might use:
IP (Internet Protocol): to send data across the network.
TCP/UDP: to control how data packets travel reliably or quickly.
DNS: to find and connect to the right servers.
RTP (Real-Time Transport Protocol): already used for video/audio calls, could also be adapted for
hologram data.
TLS/Encryption: to keep the hologram calls secure.
New protocols that may need to be created:
A special 3D media protocol to send hologram data (3D images, body scans, and movements)
efficiently, since normal video protocols aren’t designed for holograms.
A session protocol for holograms that helps devices agree on the type of hologram data (like body
shape, gestures, or face details).
A low-latency streaming protocol to reduce lag, because even a small delay would break the
feeling of “real presence.”
A privacy and security protocol made for holograms, since 3D scans are very personal.
Justification:
Hologram calls are like video calls but much heavier, because they involve full 3D models instead
of flat images. Current protocols (like IP, TCP, RTP) can handle the basic network communication,
but they are not optimized for huge amounts of 3D data. That’s why new protocols would be
needed—to compress, stream, and secure holograms in real time without lag.