Lab Problems:

1. Understanding Data, What is data, where to find data, Foundations for building Data Visualizations,
Creating Your First visualization?

2. Getting started with Tableau Software using Data file formats, connecting your Data to Tableau,
creating basic charts(line, bar charts, Tree maps),Using the Show me panel.

3. Tableau Calculations, Overview of SUM, AVR, and Aggregate features, Creating custom calculations
and fields.

4. Applying new data calculations to your visualizations, Formatting Visualizations, Formatting Tools and
Menus, Formatting specific parts of the view.

5. Editing and Formatting Axes, Manipulating Data in Tableau data, Pivoting Tableau data.

6. Structuring your data, Sorting and filtering Tableau data, Pivoting Tableau data.

7. Advanced Visualization Tools: Using Filters, Using the Detail panel, using the Size panels, customizing
filters, Using and Customizing tooltips, Formatting your data with colors.

8. Creating Dashboards & Storytelling, creating your first dashboard and Story, Design for different
displays, adding interactivity to your Dashboard, Distributing & Publishing your Visualization.

9. Tableau file types, publishing to Tableau Online, Sharing your visualizations, printing, and Exporting.
10. Creating custom charts, cyclical data and circular area charts, Dual Axis charts.
 EXPERIMENT 2

Aim:

2. Getting started with Power bi software using Data file

formats, Connecting your Data to Power bi, Creating basic
Charts(line,bar,charts,Pie chart,Decomposition
Tree,map,Filled map,Donut,card visuals..etc) Using Data
visualization pane.

SOLUTION:

Getting Started with Power BI & Data File Formats

Objective: Understand Power BI basics and recognize the types of data sources you can use.

2.1 Introduction to Power BI

Power BI is a Data Visualization and Business Intelligence tool that converts data from different
data sources to interactive dashboards and BI reports

Power BI is a collection of connectors, apps, and software services that work together for
business users to convert large junk data into more meaningful insights.

Typically, an Organization gets its data from Text, CSV files, Excel spreadsheets, databases, data
warehouses, or the cloud.

Microsoft Power BI lets you connect with all kinds of data sources to get your data. The later
step is to Transform data, model data, visualize (charts), and then Sharing reports them with
anyone

2.2 What is Business Intelligence?

Business intelligence (BI) is the practice of using technology, tools, and processes to transform
business data into actionable insights, enabling organizations to make smarter, data-driven
decisions, improve performance, and gain a competitive edge

What is Business Intelligence (BI)?

 Business Intelligence (BI) means using data + tools + processes to convert raw data into
useful information for decision-making.
 In short: BI = Turning data into insights to help businesses make better decisions

2.3 Why do we need BI?

 1. Better decision-making
o Instead of guessing, managers use real data to decide (e.g., which product sells
best, which region needs more focus).
2. Find trends & patterns
o BI helps spot sales growth, seasonal demand, or customer behavior.
3. Save time & effort
o Automated dashboards (like Power BI) show insights quickly instead of going
through big Excel files manually.
4. Improve performance
o Companies track KPIs (Key Performance Indicators) like sales, profit, or
customer satisfaction in real time.
5. Competitive advantage
o Businesses using BI know what’s working and what’s not faster than their
competitors.

Example

Imagine you run a Superstore:

 Raw data = All invoices, orders, products, customer details.

 BI Dashboard = A Power BI report showing:
o Sales by product category
o Profit trends by month
o Map of sales by state
o Top 10 customers

This helps you decide which products to promote, where to open a new store, and how to
improve profit.

2.4 What is Power BI?

 Definition: A business intelligence tool by Microsoft for connecting, visualizing, and

analyzing data. Or
 Power BI is a “Business analytics service” that “delivers insights” to enable “fast,
informed decisions.” Or
 Power bi is a "Self service, cloud based and on premises any type of data load Data
model supportive analytical and visualization Reporting Tool

2.5 Getting Started with Power BI

How to Download Power BI Desktop Software:

You can download Power BI Desktop from the official Microsoft Power BI site or the Microsoft
Store, then install it (choose 32-bit or 64-bit based on your system).
After installation, open it to start creating reports

After Downloading and Installing a Power Bi Desktop Icon Will appear on the Desktop

If we double click it the below screen will appear to load the data and start doing reporting
based on the requirement
 Ribbon Bar(Top toolbar) or Menu bar:

The Power BI Desktop ribbon contains tabs such as Home, Insert, Modeling, and View.
Report canvas (Main workspace) :

 The blank white area (page) inside the Report View where you actually place visuals.

 You can drag and drop visuals, resize, arrange, and apply formatting.
 Each report can have multiple canvases (pages)

Report View:

 Report View is One of the main modes in Power BI Desktop where you build and
designing reports in Power BI

This view is used to create interactive visuals and reports from datasets.
 Users can add charts, tables, maps, and more, then customize them with colors, fonts,
and labels.
 In this view, users can also create calculated columns, measures, and KPIs using DAX. It
is the main area for

Table View /Data View:

 This view allows users to connect to different data sources, import, transform, and
clean data.
 It displays all the data in tables, where users can sort, group, merge, and make changes
easily.
  It helps prepare the data for creating reports and visuals

Model view Or Relationship view:

 This view shows the relationships between tables in the dataset.

 It helps users understand the table structure, fields, and connections, which is
important for building accurate reports and visualizations.

 DAX View:

 DAX (Data Analysis Expressions) is used in Power BI to create calculated columns,

calculated measures, and KPIs.
 It helps perform advanced calculations, aggregations, and data analysis for building
accurate reports and visuals.

 Visualizations pane:

 Visualizations pane is a toolbox for creating, modifying, and managing visual

representations of data
 It enables users to select different chart types, add data fields to create visuals,
and apply formatting to control the appearance and layout of reports

 Fields pane or Data Pane

A panel on the right side of the Power BI Desktop interface that lists all the tables,
columns (fields).

Pages:

 A Page in Power BI is just like a sheet in Excel or a slide in PowerPoint.

 It’s a workspace inside a report where you can place visuals (charts, tables, maps,
KPIs, etc.).
 One report can have multiple pages, each showing a different view of the data.

Add, Rename and Duplicate Pages in Power BI :

Rename a Page in Power BI

 Right-click on the existing page name at the bottom to open the context menu. Please
select the rename option and give the desired name
Duplicate a Page in Power BI
Right-click on the existing page that you want to duplicate and open the context menu.
Please select the Duplicate Page option
Create a New page in Power BI

 Please click on the Plus + button to create a new page in Power BI

What Is Report And Dashboard

REPORT:A Report is a multi page Interactive Document that presents the data through
various visualizations charts,graphs,tables

DASHBOARD:

A Power Bi is single page visual representation of key Business metrics and performance
indicators, or to provide quick overview, Highlight Important data
 Database:

Its organized collection of interrelated data

In the Database Data will store in the form of Tables i.e Rows & Columns

Data warehouse:

Data "Huge Storage"

Usually a database acts like warehouse if it stores more data

In Datawarehouse Data will Store in two Table formats like Fact Tables and Dimension
Tables

Fact Table Stores Numerical or Quantitative Data

Ex: Sum, Avg

Dimension Table will store Descriptive information

Ex: Text values like Student name, Addresss

 2.6 Data sources in Power BI Desktop

With Power BI Desktop, you can connect to data from many different sources. A full list of available data
sources is at the bottom of this page.

To connect to data, select Get Data from the Home ribbon. Selecting the down arrow, or the Get
Data text on the button, shows the Most Common data types menu shown in the following image

Step 1: Open Power BI Desktop

Launch Power BI Desktop → on the Home tab, click Get data.

You’ll see the most common sources (Excel, SQL Server, etc.). Click More… for the full list.

Step 2: Choose your data format

Here are the common formats and how to load them:

1. Excel (.xlsx, .xls)

Click Get data → Excel workbook.

Browse and select your Excel file (e.g., [Link]).

Navigator opens → choose sheet(s) or table(s).

Click Load to bring into Power BI.

Example: Load the Orders sheet from Superstore.

2. Text / CSV (.csv, .txt)

Create a Notepad file or CSV file write the values Employee Data

EID,ENME,LOC,Salary

1,VINAY,HYD,90000

2,MADHU,MUM,50000

3,RAVI,DEL,30000

save it with name EMP_DATA

Click Get data → Text/CSV.

Select file (e.g., EMP_DATA.csv).

Power BI auto-detects delimiter (comma, tab, etc.).

Preview opens → click Load.

Example: Load EMP_DATA with comma-separated values.

3. JSON (.json)

Write the below Json code in Notepad and save it with [Link] Extension

"rows": [

"studentid": 100,
 "studentname":"Ravi",

"Total":225,

"Branch": "CSE",

"IsPass":"Passed",

"JoinedOn": "07/30/2014"

Click Get data → JSON.

Pick your .json file.

Power BI shows it as a nested structure → expand columns in Power Query Editor.

Example: Load a Party_Products.json file containing product details.

4. XML (.xml) Extensible Markup Language:

Click Get data → XML.

Select .xml file → Power BI reads it into tables.

Example: Load [Link] with customer information.

5. Database sources (SQL, Oracle, MySQL, etc.)

Click Get data → Database → choose type (e.g., SQL Server).

Enter Server name and Database name.

Choose DirectQuery (live connection) or Import (bring data in).

Example: Connect to SalesDB on SQL Server.

6. Web data

Click Get data → Web.

Enter a URL of a webpage containing a table (e.g.,

[Link]
Navigator shows available tables → select states and its capital cities data and Load.

Example: Load GDP data from a Wikipedia table.

7. Folder (combine multiple files)

Click Get data → Folder.

Browse to a folder containing multiple .csv or .txt files.

Power BI lets you combine files into one dataset.

Example: Load monthly sales CSV files into one table.

8. Other formats

PDF → Extracts tables from PDF pages.

Step 3: Clean & Transform (Optional)

After choosing the source, click Transform data → opens Power Query Editor.

Here you can:

Remove unnecessary columns

Change data types (text, number, date)

Merge/Append queries

Create calculated columns

Step 4: Load into Power BI

Click Close & Load.

Data appears in the Fields pane → now you can start building visuals.

2.7 Power Bi End – End Process

A) Retrieve Data/ Getting Data [structured, semi structured, and unstructured]

b) Transfrom Data or Shaping

c) Model Data [Modelling] between sources

d) Report Data [Reporting]

e) Publish Report [Publishing]

f) Create Dashboard and mobile reports

g) Share or subscribe reports and dashboards

h) Access the reports and dashboard for customer decision making, analysis, analytics and
insights.

i) Customer Reviews to the designers and other colleagues

2.8 Key Components Of Power Bi

Power bi Desktop:

Loads, Transforms, Models and Generate reports.

Power BI Service:

Cloud Service for managing reports and dashboards, and providing schedules.

This service under the control of Microsoft.

Power BI Report Server:

Standalone on premises Server for creating Paginated Reports[Similar to SSRS].

Power BI Mobile:

Helps to create Mobile Friendly reports

Power View:

Report Building component

Power Query:

Power Query is primarily for importing, cleaning, and transforming data.

(ETL Operations)

Power Pivot:

Power Pivot is for building data models, defining relationships, and performing calculations

Power BI Gateway:

To establish connection to the Databases for Live Refresh / Scheduled Refresh

Before starting the Visualizing we need to import the data

 Open Power BI Desktop → Get data → Excel → load [Link] and select the Orders
sheet.
 In the Fields pane you’ll see Orders fields (Sales, Profit, Quantity, Order Date, Category,
Sub-Category, Region, State, City, Segment, Customer Name, …).
 Turn Order Date into a date hierarchy if Power BI doesn’t already.

2.9 Visualizations

COMPARISON (which item has more?)

2.9.1 Stacked Bar Chart

A Stacked Bar Chart displays values as horizontal bars, where each bar is split (stacked) into
parts by a category.

It helps compare both totals and sub-parts across categories.

Example: Stacked Bar Chart with Superstore Data

Step 1: Load Data

Open Power BI Desktop → Home → Get Data → Excel.

Select [Link] → choose the Orders sheet → click Load.

Step 2: Insert Stacked Bar Chart

On the Report View (canvas), go to the Visualizations pane.

Click the Stacked Bar Chart icon (horizontal stacked bars).

Step 3: Add Fields

For example, let’s compare Sales by Category, stacked by Region:

Axis (Y-axis): Category

Values (X-axis): Sales

Legend (Stacked parts): Region

Step 4: Format the Chart

Turn on Data Labels (Format → Data labels → ON).

Sort by Sales to see the biggest category on top.

Add a title: “Sales by Category and Region”.

Result (Interpretation)

Each bar = one Category (Furniture, Office Supplies, Technology).

The bar length = total Sales for that category.

The colored segments inside each bar = Regions (Central, East, South, West).

2.9.2 Stacked Column Chart?

A Stacked Column Chart displays vertical bars.

Each bar represents a category, and the bar is divided (stacked) into parts by another field.

Useful for comparing totals + breakdown across categories

Step 1: Load the Data

Step 2: Insert a Stacked Column Chart

Step 3: Add Fields

Drag fields into the chart wells:

Axis (X-axis): Product Category

Values (Y-axis): Sales

Legend (Stacked parts): Region

Step 4: Format the Chart

Turn on Data Labels (Format → Data labels → ON).

Add a chart title: “Sales by Category and Region”.

Sort the X-axis by Sales (descending) for better comparison.

Result

Each vertical bar = one Category (Furniture, Office Supplies, Technology).

Height of the bar = total Sales for that category.

Colors inside the bar = Regions (Central, East, South, West)

2.9.3 Clustered bar chart:

Clustred bar chart:Clustered + Bar=Childs grouped + Childs’ comparison Usage:

A Clustered Bar Chart shows horizontal bars.

Categories appear on the Y-axis, and for each category, you see side-by-side bars
representing another field.

It’s useful when you want to compare values across categories and groups.

Example: Sales by Category and Region

Step 1: Load Data

Step 2: Insert a Clustered Bar Chart

In the Visualizations pane, click on the Clustered Bar Chart icon (horizontal grouped bars).

A blank chart appears on the canvas.

Step 3: Add Fields

Drag fields into the chart wells:

Axis (Y-axis): Category

Values (X-axis): Sales

Legend: Region

Step 4: Format the Chart

Turn Data labels ON (Format → Data labels → ON).

Add a chart title → “Sales by Category and Region”.

Sort by Sales (descending) to see the highest category first.

Result (Interpretation)

Y-axis: Categories (Furniture, Office Supplies, Technology).

For each category, bars appear side by side, one for each Region (Central, East, South, West).

Bar length = Sales value.

Example Insight: You’ll see Technology has the longest bars overall, and within it, the West
region has the highest sales
2.9.4 100% Stacked Bar Chart:

A 100% Stacked Bar Chart shows horizontal bars where the total length of each bar = 100%.

Each bar is divided into colored segments (categories), showing percentage contribution
instead of actual values.

It’s useful when you want to compare proportions, not totals.

Example: Sales by Category (percentage by Region)

Step 1: Load Data

Step 2: Insert a 100% Stacked Bar Chart

On the Visualizations pane, click 100% Stacked Bar Chart icon.

A blank chart appears on the canvas.

Step 3: Add Fields

Drag fields into the chart wells:

Axis (Y-axis): Category

Values (X-axis): Sales

Legend (stacked parts): Region

Step 4: Format the Chart

Turn Data labels ON → change label display units to percentage.

Add a chart title → “Sales % by Category and Region”.

Sort the categories in descending order of Sales if needed.

Result (Interpretation)

Each bar = one Category (Furniture, Office Supplies, Technology).

Each bar = 100%, divided by Regions (Central, East, South, West).

You can quickly see percentage contribution of each region within a category.

Example Insight:

Even if Technology has higher total sales, in this chart you’ll notice, for example, that the East
region contributes the highest share (%) in Office Supplies, while the West dominates
Technology.

In short:

A 100% Stacked Bar Chart shows relative contributions (percentages) of regions to each
category, instead of actual sales values.
2.9.5 Slicer:

Slicer is used for filtering the specific data

For Slicer Task Repeat the Stacked Column Chart on (Sales by Category and Region )

Add Slicer from the visualization pane and add City column so that we can filter the data
based on the city wise
2.9.6 Line chart:

Trend Analysis Chart (Set of points connected with line)

Up and down values in a line shape [ May be positive or negative]

Step1: Open Power BI Desktop → Get Data → Excel
Pick your Superstore Excel file → select the Orders sheet → Load.

Step2: Check data types (Data view)

Order Date = Date, Sales = Decimal number

Step3: Add a line chart into the Report view or Report Canvas

In Visualizations, click Line chart.

Step4:Drag Order Date into X-axis. If you see a hierarchy, keep it (Year > Quarter > Month).

Step5:Drag Sales into Y-axis (Power BI will auto-sum).

Show by Month

Step6:In the chart header, click the drill/expand icons:

Step7:Use “Expand all down one level” until you reach Month (or in the Fields well, choose the
Order Date (Month) from the hierarchy).

Step8:In Format (paint roller) → X-axis:Type = Continuous (for a true time series)

(Optional) Zoom slider = On, to scroll through months.

In Y-axis goto Display units = Auto (or None if you want exact numbers).

Title = “Monthly Sales”.

(Optional) Data labels = On.

The above is “Sales by Day Wise ”in line chart.

2.9.7 Card:

Single value display visual

Takes either Measure or Column with aggregation [Sum, Avg, Count etc.] or Calculation

Best for Showing a single number (KPI).

Step 1:
Select Card.

Step 2:

Drag Sales into Fields

2.9.8 Multi row card:

Multiple cards in a single row and multiple rows in multi-row card

No Total Section and No Header Section, so we can’t show aggregated information of rows
again

Step1: Select Multi row card from pane

Step2: Add Region,City,Sales into Fields and do the formatting (color chaging) according to
the requirement
2.9.9 Table:

It is columnar visual [column by column data displayed], contains column headings and
footings. [Column wise operation]

For a greater number of records, this visual only suitable

Aggregated data in the bottom rows,

Supports row formatting

Supports column / field formatting

Step1: Select Table from pane

Step2: Add Region,City,Sales into Columns and do the formatting (color chaging) according to
the requirement
2.9.10 Matrix:

It is for "Cross tab Reporting" [Rows Vs. Columns aggregate data analysis] [Row and Column
Operation]

For a table visual row wise analysis required with drill down and drill up

It is for a smaller number of categories analysis

Pivot-style table with rows, columns, and values (row/column subtotals).

Build: Insert Matrix → Rows:City → Columns:Region → Values:Sales.

Tip: Enable expand/collapse to drill into hierarchies.

2.9.11 Pie Chart:

Shows share of a total as slices.

Build: Insert Pie chart → Legend: Category → Values: Sales.

Tip: Avoid too many slices; combine small ones into “Other”

Best for: Proportion comparison.

2.9.11 Donut Chart:

Build: Donut chart → Legend: Category → Values: Sales.

Tip: Add data labels with percentage.

Similar to Pie, but with a ring in the middle. (Difference between Pie and Donut)

Pie Donut

Rounded Shape Rounded ring shape

Composition and comparing Composition and comparing

Slices based comparing ARC based comparisons

We can’t place a visual in Pie Donut allows visual

Pie can’t be converted to Donut with feature Donut can be converted to pie.

0% radius is Pie [more than zero is donut]

2.9.12 Map(Bubble Map):

Best for: Showing data on a geographical map.

Dots on geographic map; size = measure.

Insert Map → Location: City or State → Size: Sales → Legend: Region.

Tip: Geocoding needs correct location names; prefer State for accuracy
2.9.13 Filled Map:

Areas colored by value (e.g., states shaded by Sales).

Build: Insert Filled map → Location: State → Values: Sales.& Region into Legends

Tip: Helpful for regional intensity; check data category (set State as State in modeling)

Similar to Map, but fills regions instead of points.

Steps same as Map, but choose Filled Map icon.

2.9.14 KPI visual:

KPI: Key Performance Indicator.

A) Important business values show and to analyze them quickly by seeing status

B) Always compare current value Vs. target value

C) Two Measures required, displays progress toward a measurable goal.

Real-world Examples:

Traffic Signal is a KPI, Sensex up and down is a KPI, Out/Not Out is a KPI

Indicator that shows current value, target, and trend.

Steps:

Build: Insert KPI → Indicator: Sales → Trend axis: Order Date (Month) → Target goals: create a
measure (e.g., SalesTarget = SUM(Orders[Sales]) * 1.05) and drag to Target.

Tip: A KPI needs a trend axis – choose a time field to show progress
2.9.15 Decomposition Tree

 Best for: Breaking down metrics step-by-step.

 Insert Decomposition tree → Analyze: Sales → Explain by: Region, Category, Sub-
Category, Segment

2.9.16 Q&A:

The Q&A visual lets you ask questions in plain English (natural language), and Power BI
automatically creates the right visual for your answer.

Example: You can type “Total sales by West region” and it will build a bar chart instantly
2.9.17 Funnel Chart:

A Funnel Chart shows values across stages of a process, from largest to smallest,
forming a funnel shape.

Common use: Sales pipeline, order process, customer journey, lead conversion, etc.

Each stage becomes narrower to show drop-offs

Insert a Funnel Chart

In the Visualizations pane, click on the Funnel chart icon (funnel-shaped).

A blank funnel chart appears on the report canvas.

Step 1: Add Fields

For example, let’s see Sales by Segment in a funnel view:

Group (Category): Segment

Values: Sales

Step 2: Format the Funnel

Turn on Data labels → show actual values + percentage of first stage.

Add a title: “Sales Funnel by Segment”.

Result (Interpretation)

The top (widest) part of the funnel = Segment with highest Sales.

Each next stage shows smaller values, giving a funnel effect.

Example: If Consumer has the highest Sales, it appears widest; Corporate and Home
Office appear narrower.

Where Funnel Charts are Most Useful

Sales pipeline: Leads → Opportunities → Negotiations → Won deals.

Order process: Website visitors → Added to cart → Checkout → Purchase.

 Customer support: Tickets opened → Assigned → Resolved → Closed.

2.9.18 Ribbon chart

Shows rank changes across an axis (e.g., rank of categories by year).

Build: Insert Ribbon chart → Axis: Order Date (Year) → Legend: Category → Values: Sales.

Tip: Use to highlight how a category’s ranking moved over time.

3. Power Bi Calculated columns and Measure,overview of DAX Functions Like Sum,Avg,And
Date Functions And Creating Colums From Examples,Custom Colums,Invoke Custom
Functions ,Index Columns

[Link] is calculated column

 Useful when you need the calculation per row it perform row by row operation to
achieve the results
 The result is stored in the column so It occupy the memory
 Calculated columns are useful when you want to add a new column to the table that is
derived from the values in other columns.
 Multiple ways we can create calculated column
1. Go to -Modeling MenuNew column
2. Right click on the Dataset i.e Orders  New column

Example:

1.Actual_Cost = Orders[Sales] - Orders[Profit] It creates one calculated column in the data set

[Link] City & country = CONCATENATE(Orders[Country],Orders[City])

[Link] Ratio = Orders[Profit] / Orders[Sales] A new column showing profit % for each order.

In the above formula:

Actual_Cost:Name of the calculated column

(=) Sign: Indicates the starting of your DAX formula

Orders[Profit] and Orders[Sales] = These two are the arguments or columns whose values are
used to generate the output.

(-) Substraction

2. what is Measure

 A Measure is a calculation that is performed on the fly, based on the data in the
columns of the table.
 Measures are useful for performing dynamic aggregations on data, such as sums,
counts, averages, and so on.
 Measures are More efficient than calculated columns
 These measures are used in visuals (like cards, charts,).
 Use measures for totals, aggregations, KPIs.

Examples of Measures (Aggregations):

[Link]: Adding up the values in a column.

Total Sales = SUM(Orders[Sales])

Here in the above measure

Total Sales: Name of the new measure

(=) Sign: Indicates the starting of your DAX formula

Orders[Sales]= Table name and one of the argument or columns whose values are used to
generate the output

[Link]: Calculating the average of a column of numbers.

Average Sales =AVERAGE(Orders[Sales])

[Link]: Counting the number of rows that meet certain criteria.

Number of cities = COUNT(Orders[City])

Number of Country= COUNT(OrdersNew[Country])

[Link]: Finding the minimum values in a column.

Min sales = MIN(Orders[sales])

[Link]: Finding the maximum values in a column

Max sales = MAX(Orders[sales])

DAX Introduction :

DAX stands for Data Analysis Expressions. DAX is a formula language or Functional language
and is a collection of functions, operators, and constants that can be used in a formula or
expression bar to calculate and return one or more values.

DAX helps you create new information from the existing data in your Data Model.

DAX was developed by the SQL Server Analysis Services team at Microsoft as part of Project
Gemini and released in 2009 with the first version of the PowerPivot for Excel 2010

DAX is not a programming language, however it is a formula language that allows the users to
define custom calculations in calculated columns and calculated fields(Measures)

Types of Dax Functions:

DATE FUNCTIONS:

These functions help you to create calculations based on date and time (date parts, time
parts).

[Link] : Generate calendar from the given two dates (start date, end date).

Syntax:
CALENDAR(<start_date>, <end_date>)
Modeling menu->New Table

Ex: calendar_Function = CALENDAR(DATE(2025,10,1),DATE(2025,10,30)

[Link]:
Automatically generate calendar based on your data model dates (min date, max date)
availability

Syntax:
CALENDARAUTO([fiscal_year_end_month])
Modeling menu->New Table
Ex: DimCal=CALENDARAUTO()
[Link] : Consider three values as date. Returns the specified data in datetime format

Syntax:
DATE(<year>, <month>, <day>)
Modeling menu->New Measure-> Date = DATE(2025,10,09)

[Link] : Returns the current date

Today()

[Link]: Returns the current date and time in datetime format.

EX:Now()

[Link]: Returns the count of interval boundaries crossed between two dates.
Syntax:

DATEDIFF(<start_date>, <end_date>, <interval>)

Modeling menu->New Measure->

Days Diff = DATEDIFF(DATE(2025,1,1),DATE(2025,10,10),DAY)

Modeling menu->New Measure->

Months Diff = DATEDIFF(DATE(2025,1,1),DATE(2025,10,10),MONTH)

Modeling menu->New Measure->

Quarters Diff = DATEDIFF(DATE(2025,1,1),DATE(2025,10,10),QUATER)

Modeling menu->New Measure->

Years Diff = DATEDIFF(DATE(2024,10,10),DATE(2025,10,10),YEAR)

[Link]: Returns the day of the month, a number from 1 to 31.

Syntax:
Day (<date>)

Display day from Date column

Date Table->New Column-> Day= DAY(DimDate[Date])
Ex: Day_Fun = DAY(DATE(2025,10,10))
it returns 10

Display day from current date and time

Modeling menu->New Measure-> Day= DAY(Now())

[Link] : Returns a number from 1 to 7 identifying the day of the week of a date.
Syntax:
WEEKDAY(<date>, <return_type>)
weekday_ = WEEKDAY(DATE(2025,10,10),2)

[Link]:Returns the date that is the indicated number of months before or after the start date.

Edate_Fun = EDATE(DATE(2025,10,1),1)

Result:01-11-2025 00:00:00

[Link]:Returns the date in datetime format of the last day of the month before or after
a specified number of months.

Emonth_Fun = EOMONTH(DATE(2025,10,1),1)

Result:30-11-2025 00:00:00

[Link]:Returns the hour as a number from 0 (12:00 A.M.) to 23 (11:00 P.M.).

Hour_Fun = HOUR("March 3, 2008 3:00 PM")

Result:15

[Link]:Returns a number from 0 to 59 representing the minute.

Minute_Fun= MINUTE("March 23, 2008 1:45 PM")

Result: 45

[Link]:Returns a number from 1 (January) to 12 (December) representing the month.

Month_Fun = MONTH("March 3, 2008 3:45 PM")

Result : 3

[Link]:Returns the current date and time in datetime format.

Now_Fun = NOW()

Result : 12-10-2025 14:24:32

[Link]:Returns a number from 1 (January-March) to 4 (October-December) representing

the quarter.

Quater_Fun = QUARTER(DATE(2025,10,10))

Result: 4
[Link]: Returns the current date.

Today_Fun = TODAY()

[Link](): Returns a number from 1 to 7 identifying the day of the week of a date. By
default the day ranges from 1(Sunday) to 7 (Saturday).

weekday_Fun = WEEKDAY(DATE(2025,10,10),1)
Result:6

TEXT FUNCTIONS:
These functions work on textual columns to perform various types of textual operations

[Link] :
Joins two text strings into one text string.

CONCATENATE(<text1>, <text2>)

Modeling Menu->New Measure or New column

1) cancatenate_fun = CONCATENATE("vinay","Kumar")
Result:Vinay kumar

Modeling Menu-> New column

2) combining City & country = CONCATENATE(Orders[Country],Orders[City])

Result:Fort MyersUnited States

[Link]:
Returns the specified number of characters from the start of a text string.
LEFT(<text>, <num_chars>)
left_fun = LEFT("Vinaykumar",3)
Result:Vin

[Link]:
RIGHT returns the last character or characters in a text string, based on the number of
characters you specify
Syntax
RIGHT(<text>, <num_chars>)
Right_fun = RIGHT("Vinaykumar",3)
Result: mar
4. FIND :
Returns the starting position of one text string within another text string
Modeling Menu->New Measure
Find_ = FIND("a","vinay kumar")
Result: 4
[Link] :
Returns the number of characters in a text string.
LenFun_ = LEN("India")
Result:5

Aggregate Functions:
Aggregation functions calculate a (scalar) value such as count, sum, average, minimum, or
maximum for all rows in a column

[Link]: Adds all the numbers ina column.

Modeling Menu->New Measure

Ex: Total Sales = SUM(Orders[Sales])

2. AVERAGE: Return the average (arithmetic mean) of all the number in a column.
Modeling Menu->New Measure

Ex:Average Sales =AVERAGE(Orders[Sales])

[Link] : Returns the smallest numeric value in a column,

Ex: Min sales = MIN(Orders[sales])

Ex: min_2 = Min(100,1000) = 100

4. MAX :
Returns the largest numeric value in a column,
Ex: Max sales = MAX(Orders[sales])
Ex: max_2 = MAX(100,1000) = 1000

5. SUMX : Return the sum of an expression evaluated for each row in a table
1. Sales_ = SUMX(Orders,Orders[Unit Price]*Orders[Profit])

2. East Region Sales =

SUMX(
FILTER(
'Orders',
'Orders'[Region] = "East"
),
'Orders'[Sales Amount]
)

6. Count:
Counts the number of cells in a column that contain numbers
Ex: Count of cities = COUNT(Orders[City])
[Link]:

Counts the number of distinct values in a column.

Distinct_Fun = DISTINCTCOUNT(Orders[Order Priority])

Power BI Major Languages

a) Mashup: Extraction and Transformation scripting language

b) DAX: Modeling and Analysis functional language

What are the important terminologies need to remember to work with DAX?

a) New measure--->Single value return ----> Calculated Measure

b) New column ----> Multiple values return in a single column --->Calcuated Column

c) New Table ---> Multiple columns returns or Single column as a table Calculated Table

d) New Quick Measure -->Taking Microsoft defined calculated formulas

FILTER FUNCTIONS:

The FILTER function in DAX (Data Analysis Expressions) for Power BI is a powerful function used
to filter a table based on a specified condition.

Returns a table that has been filtered.

west Region sales = CALCULATE(SUM(Orders[Sales]),FILTER(Orders,Orders[Region]="west"))

CALCULATE:

The CALCULATE function is one of the most powerful functions in DAX.

It is used to:

1. Change the context (filters) in which a calculation is done.

2. Apply one or more filters to a calculation.

CREATING COLUMS FROM EXAMPLES(Flashy cloums)

These are applied before loading into the data model.

Column from Examples

Go to Transform Data → Add Column → Column from Examples->From all columns

Type the result you expect, Power BI auto-generates the logic.

Example:

1. If Order Date = 2023-01-15, you type Year "2023" and Power BI creates a new column with
Year.

2. Day of weekname from the order date i.e ex Wednesday

3. Go to Transform Data → Add Column → Column from Examples-> From selectionselect

Product name and Just write SANFORD in New column power bi will generates the all values

SANFORD Liquid Accent™ Tank-Style Highlighters

CREATING CUSTOM COLUMS:

You write your own formula in Power Query (not DAX, but M language)

Ex1: if [Profit] > 1000 then "Profit" else "Loss"

Combining city and state in one column

Ex2: City-State = Orders[City] & ", " & Orders[State]

CREATING INDEX COLUMN:

Adds a column with sequential numbers (row numbering)

Example: Add Index starting from 1 → creates a Row Number column (1,2,3…)

Goto->Add columns ->Index columns -> From 0

Can be used for ranking, sorting, or identifying unique rows.

INVOKE CUSTOM FUNCTIONS

Functions are reusable objects to use multiple times in queries and query column calculations

Ex:1

let

HelloWorld = () => "Hello World!"

in

HelloWorld

Steps to invoke the function

Step1: In Power Query Editor->Goto Home ,New Source -> Blank Query write the above M code
in the Formula bar Enter

Step2:Goto the orders Click Invoke custom fuction Give new column name Hello Text

& Select Hello world form the Function Query Automatically a new column had created with
Hello world

EX:2 A function with a parameter:

let

AddNumbers = (Number1 as number, Number2 as number) as number => Number1 +

Number2

in

AddNumbers

Steps to invoke the function

Step1: In Power Query Editor->Goto Home ,New Source -> Blank Query write the above M code
in the Formula bar Enter

Step2:Goto the orders Click Invoke custom fuction Give new column name as New sales

& Select Function form the Function Query Automatically a new column had created with
adding 100
4. Applying New data calculations to your visualizations,Formating visualizations using format visual
options and filters on the visual,filters on the page,filter on all pages and formating specific parts of
the view

Dataset Used: Use the Superstore Sales Dataset (commonly available in .xlsx or .csv format).
The dataset includes fields such as: Order Date, Category, Sub-Category, Sales, Profit, Quantity, Region,
Customer Name, etc

1. Applying New Data Calculations

Definition:

In Power BI, data calculations are created using DAX (Data Analysis Expressions) to derive new
information from existing data.

Example Tasks:

1. Create a New Measure for total sales: Goto Home Menu and Click New Measure or Right click
on Orders Click New Measure
1. Total Sales = SUM(Orders[Sales])

2. Create a New Measure for profit percentage:

1. Profit % = DIVIDE(SUM(Orders [Profit]), SUM(Orders [Sales])) * 100

3. Create a Calculated Column to categorize orders: Goto Modeling Menu and click New column or
Right click on Orders Click New column
1. Order Type = IF(Orders [Sales] > 500, "High Value", "Low Value")

Apply to Visualization:

 Create a Bar Chart showing Category vs Total Sales.

 Add Profit % as a Data Label or Tooltip.
2. Formatting Visualizations (Using Format Visual Options)
Definition:

Formatting visuals helps make data easier to read and understand by adjusting design elements like
color, title, labels, and borders.

Steps:

1. Select any visual (Ex: Stacked Bar Chart showing Category vs Total Sales)
2. Go to the Format Pane (Paint Roller icon).
3. Adjust:
o Title: Turn ON → Rename to “Sales by Category”.
o Data Colors: Change each category’s color manually.
o Data Labels: Turn ON → Show values on bars.
o X-Axis/Y-Axis: Adjust font size, title, and gridlines.
o Background: Add a light background for clarity.
o Border and Shadow: Add for better visual separation.

Outcome:

A visually clear, professional-looking chart that highlights key data points.

3. Applying Filters
Definition:

Filters help control what data appears in your visuals or report.

Types of Filters:

a) Visual-Level Filter OR Filters on this visual

 Create a Bar Chart showing Category vs Total Sales.

 Add Profit % as a Data Label or Tooltip.
 In Filters on this Visual Pane Just Click the Product Category and select the Furniture and
Technology
 Example: Filter the bar chart to show only “Furniture” and “Technology” categories.
 Affects only the selected visual.

b) Page-Level Filter OR Filters on this page

 Create two charts in a single page i.e Product category wise sales and profit in Stacked bar chart
and Customer segment wise sales in pie chart and format the visuals
 Example: Drag Region into Filters on this page Apply a filter for Region = "East"
 Affects all visuals on the same page.
c) Report-Level Filter (All Pages)

 Create two charts in a single page i.e Product category wise sales and profit in Stacked bar chart
and Customer segment wise sales in pie chart and format the visual
 Create Table visual by drag and drop values like City,Total sales,Profit%,Min_Sales,Max_sales in
a new page
o Total Sales = SUM(Orders[Sales])
o Profit % = DIVIDE(SUM(Orders [Profit]), SUM(Orders [Sales])) * 100
o Max_sales = MAX(Orders[Sales])
o Min_Sales = MIN(Orders[Sales])

 Drag Month from Order Date to Filter on all pages and select only January Month to show only
data of 2015 – January month
 Affects all visuals across all report [Link] 2015 January Month data
4. Formatting Specific Parts of the View
Examples:

 Create Table visual by drag and drop values like City,Total sales,Profit%,Min_Sales,Max_sales in
a new page
 Conditional Formatting:
o Apply color scales to highlight high or low sales.
o Example:
In a Table Visual, go to Format → Cell elements → Background color → Conditional
formatting → choose Format Style Gradient, choose What Field Should we base this
on Sales, choose Three Different colors for Three values like Minimum, Center,
Maximum
  Font and Text Formatting:
o Highlight totals or headers.
 Align and Resize Visuals:
o Use “Align” options from the toolbar for neat layout.
 Add Cards or KPIs:
o Show total Sales, Profit, or Profit % in summary cards at the top.

[Link] Format your visuals like Visual and General properties, How to manipulate Data in Power Bi
and How Pivoting and UnPivoting Data in Power bi

Objective

To understand and perform the following tasks in Power BI Desktop:

1. Edit and format visuals using Visual and General properties.

2. Manipulate and transform data using Power Query Editor.
3. Perform Pivot and Unpivot operations to reshape data.

Dataset Used
Use the Superstore Sales Dataset (Excel or CSV file).
Common fields include:

 Order ID, Order Date, Category, Sub-Category, Sales, Profit, Quantity, Region, Customer Name,
etc.

1. Editing and Formatting Visuals

Definition:

In Power BI, formatting visuals helps improve readability and appearance of reports. You can modify
Visual properties (data display) and General properties (position, size, and layout).

Steps:

A. Visual Properties

Control how the data appears inside the chart or visual.

1. Select any visual (Ex: Stacked Bar Chart showing Category vs Total Sales)
2. Go to the Format Pane (Paint Roller icon).
3. Under Visual properties, adjust the following:
o Data Colors: Change individual series colors.
o Data Labels: Turn ON → display values on bars.
o X-Axis/Y-Axis: Change font, orientation, and visibility.
o Title: Turn ON → rename the visual (e.g., “Sales by Category”).
o Legend: Turn ON → adjust position and font size.

B. General Properties

Control layout, position, and size of visuals on the report canvas.

1. With the visual selected, open Format → General.

2. Adjust:
o X and Y position: Set exact placement on the page.
o Width and Height: Resize visual for consistency.
o Background: Add background color or transparency.
o Border & Shadow: Add for clear separation between visuals.

Outcome:
Well-structured, clear visuals that make the report professional and easy to understand.

2. Manipulating Data in Power BI

Definition:

Data Manipulation in Power BI is the process of cleaning, transforming, and preparing data before
visualization.
This is done in the Power Query Editor.

Steps:

1. Go to Home → Transform Data → opens Power Query Editor.

2. Common data manipulation tasks:
o Rename Columns: Right-click → Rename Customer ID to Cust ID
o Remove Columns: Right-click → Remove Columns. Ex Removed Order Priority Columns
o Change Data Type: Select column → choose data type (Text, Number, Date).
o Filter Rows: Keep or remove specific rows.
o Replace Values: Right-click → Replace Values (e.g., replace “NULL” with “0”).
o Add Custom Column: Go to Add Column → Custom Column and write expressions.
Example: if [Profit] > 1000 then "Profit" else "Loss"
o Group By: Summarize data by category (e.g., total sales by Region).

Outcome:

Data becomes clean, structured, and ready for creating accurate visuals.
 3. Pivoting and Unpivoting Data

Create Two tables dynamically by using option Enter Data and Give two table names as TABLE1 and
TABLE 2

TABLE1

Region Category Sales

East Furniture 5000

East Office Supplies 7000

West Furniture 6000

TABLE 2

Office
Region Furniture
Supplies

East 5000 7000

West 6000 8000

Definition:

 Pivoting: Converts rows into columns (summarizes data).

 Unpivoting: Converts columns into rows (reshapes wide data into long format).

These transformations are very useful when the dataset structure doesn’t fit Power BI’s visual
requirements.

Example Scenario:

Pivot Data Example:

You have data like this:

Region Category Sales

East Furniture 5000

East Office Supplies 7000

Region Category Sales

West Furniture 6000

If you Pivot on Category, you get:

Region Furniture Office Supplies

East 5000 7000

West 6000 -

Steps to Pivot:

1. In Power Query Editor → select column Category.

2. Go to Transform → Pivot Column.
3. Choose Values Column = Sales.

Unpivot Data Example:

If you have data like:

Region Furniture Office Supplies

East 5000 7000

West 6000 8000

Unpivoting converts it to:

Region Category Sales

East Furniture 5000

East Office Supplies 7000

West Furniture 6000

West Office Supplies 8000

Steps to Unpivot:

1. Select columns to keep (e.g., Region).

 2. Go to Transform → Unpivot Columns.

Outcome:

After pivoting/unpivoting, your data becomes analysis-ready for different chart types.

-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
-------------------------------------------------------------------------

[Link] your data(like ETL Tranformations) based on the Requirements,Sorting and filterting
data in power bi

Structuring Data is like performing ETL Transformations like changing the Data like Sorting and Filtering
in Power BI

Objective

To understand and perform the following operations in Power BI Desktop:

1. Structure and prepare raw data using ETL (Extract, Transform, Load) transformations.
2. Sort and filter data as per analysis requirements.
3. Build clean and structured data models for reporting.

Dataset Used

Use the Superstore Sales Dataset (in Excel or CSV format) containing fields such as:

 Order ID, Order Date, Ship Date, Region, Category, Sub-Category, Sales, Profit, Quantity,
Customer Name, etc.

1. Structuring Data (ETL Transformations)

Definition:

ETL stands for Extract, Transform, and Load — it is the process of preparing data before visualization.
In Power BI, this is done in the Power Query Editor to clean, organize, and structure data based on the
project’s requirements.

ETL Process in Power BI

Step 1: Extract

 Load the dataset from different sources:

Go to Home → Get Data → Excel/Text/CSV/SQL Server.
 Select the dataset and click Load (or Transform Data to open Power Query).

Step 2: Transform
Use Power Query Editor to perform ETL transformations based on the requirements:

Transformation Type Description Example

Rename Columns Makes column names meaningful. Rename “Col1” → “Product_Name”
Remove Columns Deletes unnecessary columns. Remove “Customer_ID” if not needed.
Sets correct data types for each
Change Data Type Convert “Date” column to Date type.
column.
Replace Values Fix incorrect or missing data. Replace “NULL” with “0” in “Profit”.
Remove Duplicates Keeps only unique records. Remove duplicate “Product” rows.
Split Columns Splits one column into multiple. Split “Full Name” into “First” and “Last Name”.
Combines related tables (like SQL Merge “Sales” with “Product Details” using
Merge Queries
join). “ProductID”.
Stacks tables with the same
Append Queries Append “Sales_2024” and “Sales_2025” data.
structure.
Add Column
Create calculated columns. Add “Profit% = Profit / Sales * 100”.
(Custom)
Summarizes data based on
Group By Group by “Region” and sum “Sales”.
criteria.
Remove Errors Removes rows with invalid data. Delete rows containing text in numeric columns.

Sorting Data

Sorting arranges your data in ascending or descending order for better understanding.

Sorting Type How to Apply Example

Ascending Order Select column → Right-click → Sort Ascending. Sort “Sales” from lowest to highest.
Descending
Select column → Right-click → Sort Descending. Sort “Profit” from highest to lowest.
Order
Use “Sort by Column” option under “Modeling” Sort “Month Name” by “Month
Custom Sorting
tab. Number”.

Filtering Data

Filtering allows you to display only specific data based on given conditions.

Filter Type How to Apply Example

Click dropdown in column header → Choose
Basic Filter Show only “South Region” data.
values to show.
Filter → Text Filters → Contains/Equals/Starts Show records where Product contains
Text Filter
With. “Laptop”.
Number Filter Filter → Number Filters → Greater Than/Less Show records with Sales > 5000.
Filter Type How to Apply Example
Than.
Date Filter Filter → Date Filters → Before/After/Between. Show data between Jan–Mar 2025.
Advanced
Use multiple conditions together. Sales > 5000 AND Region = “East”.
Filter

Step 3: Load

 Once transformations are done → click Close & Apply to load structured data into Power BI.

Outcome:

A clean, structured dataset that is ready for visualization and accurate reporting.

[Link] visualizations Tools: Using Filters Pane,

Format Visuals options(like in Visual and
General),Customizing using Filters pane. How to use
Tooltips options, Formating your data with different
colors.
Power BI Lab Practical: Advanced Visualization Tools

1. Using the Filters Pane

Definition:

The Filters Pane in Power BI allows users to control what data is displayed in
visuals and reports.
It provides filtering at three levels: Visual, Page, and Report.

Steps:

1. Click on any visual → for ex: click the pie chart and drag product container
and sales into pie chart
2. Go to the Filters Pane on the right and Drag a field Ex: Region on the filters
on the visual and select East and South Region and do the Format like
adjusting Title, Coloring, Data labels on ,In Effects Applying Background etc
3. Choose filter type:

3.1 Basic filtering (select East and South Region).

3.2 Advanced filtering (e.g., equals,Not equal, Startswith ).

In the same above Visual Go to Filters on the Visual Open Product

Container & select Advanced filtering-> select Starts with Letter J and
Click Apply Filter

3.3 Top N:

Select Top N From Filter Type in the Product Container and drag sales
and drop on By values and enter 5 into show items i.e Top = 5 and
clicik Apply Filter
Outcome:

You can interactively control and customize which data appears in your visuals or
entire reports.

2. Format Visuals (Using Visual and General Options)

Definition:

Power BI provides powerful formatting options under Visual and General tabs to
customize the look and feel of charts and visuals.

Steps:

A. Visual Properties

1. Select any visual (e.g., Bar Chart and drag Region vs sales
2. Open the Format Pane → Select the Visual tab.
3. Customize options such as:
o Title: Turn ON → Rename (e.g., “Sales by Region”).
o Data Labels: Turn ON → Show values on bars.
o Data Colors: Assign different colors for each category.
o X-Axis / Y-Axis: Change font, color, and visibility.
o Legend: Change position and font size.

B. General Properties

1. Open the General tab in Format Pane.

2. Adjust:
o Size: Width and Height of the visual.
 o Position: X and Y coordinates.
o Background: Add solid or transparent background color.
o Border & Shadow: Add to make visuals stand out.
o Tooltip on or off

Outcome:

Visually appealing charts with properly adjusted fonts, labels, and layout for better
presentation.
 3. Customizing Visuals Using Filters Pane

Types of Filters:

Filter
Affects Example
Type

Visual- Show only Furniture

Only selected visual
Level category

All visuals on the current Show data for Region =

Page-Level
page East

Report- Show data for Year =

All visuals across all pages
Level 2024

4. Using Tooltips Options

Definition:

Tooltips are small pop-up boxes that appear when hovering over a data point in a
visual.
They display additional information without cluttering the visual.

Steps:

1. Select a visual → Go to Format Pane → General → Tooltip → Turn ON.

2. You can choose:
o Default Tooltip → shows basic info like Sales, Profit, etc.
o Custom Tooltip Page → design your own tooltip using another report
page.

4.1 To Create a Custom Tooltip Page:

1. Add a new report page → go to Page Information → Turn ON Tooltip.

2. Add a Table visuals and add Region, Profit ,Discount sales
3. Go back to your main visual → Format →General-> Tooltip → Choose “Report
Page” → Select your Tooltip page.
Outcome:

When users hover over visuals, additional contextual information appears (like
Region,Profit,Discounts,sales).

5. Formatting Data with Different Colors

Definition:

Color formatting highlights trends and makes data easier to understand.

You can apply manual colors or conditional formatting based on data values.

Steps:

1. Select visual → Go to Format Pane → Data Colors.

2. Choose custom colors for each category manually.

[Link] to create a Report,Dashboard,app and add various

inereactivity to your report,dashboards
Power BI Lab Practical: Creating Reports, Dashboards, Apps and Adding
Interactivity
1. Creating a Power BI Report

Definition:

A Report in Power BI is a collection of visuals such as charts, tables, and cards

created on a report canvas. Reports are used to analyze and explore data in detail.

Steps to Create a Report:

1. Load the dataset → Home → Get Data → Excel/Text → Load.

2. Clean and transform data (optional) → Transform Data → Power Query
Editor.
3. In Report View, drag and drop visuals onto the canvas.
Examples:
o Bar Chart: Sales by Product SubCategory
o Card: Total Sales
o Line Chart: Sales Trend over Time
o Map: City into location, Region into Legend, Sales into Bubble size
o Table chart:Year wise month wise sales and profit
o Pie chart:Product category wise sales and count of each individual
product category using measure
o count_product_category = COUNT(Orders[Product Category]) use
it in Tooltip

4. Add titles, legends, and data labels using the Format Pane.
5. Save the report as:
6. Superstore_Report.pbix
Outcome:

A detailed report with multiple visuals representing different aspects of business

performance.

2. Creating a Power BI Dashboard

Definition:

A Dashboard is a single-page, interactive view that combines visuals from one or

more reports.
Dashboards are created in the Power BI Service (Online) after publishing the
report.

Steps to Create a Dashboard:

1. In Power BI Desktop → Click Publish → Select your workspace.

2. Open Power BI Service ([Link]).
3. Open your published report.
4. Pin visuals from the report to a new dashboard:
o Click on a visual → Select 📌 Pin visual → Choose New Dashboard →
Name it “Sales Dashboard”.
5. Add multiple visuals (cards, charts, KPIs) to the dashboard.

Outcome:

A single, interactive page that provides a summary of key performance indicators

(KPIs).
Creating a Power BI App

Definition:

A Power BI App allows you to package multiple dashboards and reports into a
single, easy-to-access application for sharing with users or teams.

Steps:

1. In Power BI Service, go to Workspaces → New App → Create App.

2. Add:
o Reports you’ve published.
o Dashboards related to those reports.
3. Set permissions (who can access the app).
4. Add a logo, description, and theme color.
5. Click Publish App → Share the link with users.

Outcome:

An organized app that allows others to view reports and dashboards in a controlled
environment.

4. Adding Interactivity to Reports and Dashboards

Definition:

Interactivity helps users explore data dynamically without modifying the underlying
visuals.
Power BI provides many interactive elements like slicers, buttons, drill-through,
and tooltips.

Types of Interactivity and How to Add Them:

A. Slicers

Used to filter visuals interactively.

Steps:

1. Insert → Slicer Visual.

2. Drag field (e.g., Region or Year).
3. Click to filter visuals based on selection.

B. Cross Filtering & Highlighting

Automatically highlights or filters visuals when a user clicks on part of another

visual.
Steps:
 1. Create multiple visuals on a page.
2. Click any bar/point → Other visuals automatically filter or highlight.

C. Drill-Through

What is Drillthrough?

Drillthrough allows you to right-click a data point in one report page and
navigate to another page that shows more detailed information filtered
automatically for that item

Allows users to right-click a visual element to view detailed data on another page.
Steps:

Create a Summary Page

Let’s call it “Sales Overview”.

Create a Bar Chart:

 Axis → Region
 Values → Sales

Optionally, add a Card visual for Total Sales or Total Profit.

Name the page tab as “Sales Overview”.

Create a Drillthrough Page

Now create another page called “Region Details”.

1. At the bottom, click “+” to add a new page.

2. Rename it to “Region Details”.
3. On the new page, open the Visualizations Pane → Drillthrough Filters
section (bottom right).

Add a Drillthrough Filter Field

1. Drag the field Region from the Fields pane into the Drillthrough Filters
area.
2. Power BI will show a message like

“This page now supports drillthrough on Region.”

Design the Drillthrough Page Layout

On the Region Details page:

 Add a Table Visual:

o Fields: Customer Name, Category, Sales, Profit
 Add a Card Visual:
o Show Total Sales (Sales) for the selected region.
 Add a Pie Chart:
o Legend → Category
o Values → Sales

Test the Drillthrough Action

1. Go back to Sales Overview page.

2. Right-click on a bar (e.g., Central Region) → Drillthrough → Region
Details.
3. Power BI will navigate to the Region Details page and automatically filter all
visuals to show data only for “Central” region.

You’ll notice a small Back button automatically added — you can click that to go
back to the previous page.

(Optional) Add a Custom Back Button

D. Buttons and Navigation

Used for moving between pages or resetting filters.

Steps:

1. Insert → Button → Page Navigation or Reset Filters.

2. Set destination page or action under Button Actions.

E. Tooltips

Display extra details on hover.

Steps:

1. Select visual → Format Pane → Tooltip → Turn ON.

2. Or create a custom tooltip page with more visuals.

Outcome:

Interactive reports and dashboards where users can explore, filter, and navigate
data easily.
[Link] bi file Types,publishing to particular workspace in
power bi service,sharing to appropriate users and various
export options
Lab Experiment: Power BI File Types, Publishing to Workspace, Sharing &
Export Options

Objective:

To understand the different Power BI file types, how to publish reports to

Power BI Service, share with specific users, and explore the various export and
sharing options available.

1. Power BI File Types

Extensi
File Type Description
on

This is the main file you create in Power BI Desktop. It

Power BI
.pbix contains data connections, visualizations, DAX measures,
Desktop File
and reports.

Power BI It stores the structure (model, queries, visuals) but not the
.pbit
Template File data. Used to reuse a report with different data sources.

Tip: When saving your report in Power BI Desktop, always use the .pbix format.

2. Publishing to Power BI Service

Steps:

1. Open your .pbix file in Power BI Desktop.

2. Click on the Home tab → Publish.
3. Sign in with your Power BI account.
4. Select the Workspace (e.g., “B.Tech_Analytics_Lab” or “My Workspace”).
5. Wait for the publishing process to complete.

Result:
Your report is now available in the Power BI Service ([Link]) under
the selected workspace.

3. Creating and Managing Workspaces

What is a Workspace?

A workspace is an online environment in Power BI Service where you can:

  Store your reports and datasets.
 Collaborate with your classmates or team.
 Publish and manage dashboards and apps.

Workspace Types:

 My Workspace: Personal, visible only to you.

 Shared Workspace: Team-based, used for collaboration and publishing
dashboards.

4. Sharing Reports and Dashboards

Methods:

1. Share Directly:
o Go to the report in Power BI Service.
o Click on Share → Enter email IDs of users → Set permissions
(View/Edit).
2. Create a Dashboard:
o Pin visuals from different reports.
o Share the dashboard with team members.
3. Create an App:
o Package your reports and dashboards into one interactive app.
o Share the app link with users (like teachers or project guides).

Tip:When sharing, ensure users have Power BI Pro licenses or are within the same
organization workspace.

5. Export and Download Options

Option Description

Export to PDF Exports the entire report to a static PDF.

Export to PPT
Exports visuals into presentation slides.
(PowerPoint)

Export Data
Exports underlying data from a visual.
(Excel/CSV)

Generates a link or embed code for websites or LMS

Embed Report
portals.

Print Report For hard copy submission or documentation.

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[Link] is custom charts in power bi
Objective:

To understand what Custom Charts are in Power BI, how to import and use
them, and how to customize visuals beyond the default chart options to improve
data storytelling

1. What are Custom Charts in Power BI?

Power BI comes with many built-in visuals (like bar charts, pie charts, line charts,
etc.).
However, sometimes we need advanced or specialized visuals that are not
available by default — these are called Custom Charts or Custom Visuals.

Definition:

Custom Charts (or Custom Visuals) are additional visuals that can be imported
from the Power BI Marketplace or created using custom code to extend
Power BI’s visualization capabilities.

2. How to Import Custom Charts in Power BI

Steps (Practical Procedure):

Method 1: From Marketplace

1. Open your Power BI Desktop.

2. Go to Visualizations Pane → Click on the “…” (three dots) → Select “Get
more visuals”.
3. The Power BI Visuals Marketplace will open.
4. Search for the visual you want (e.g., “Sankey Chart”, “Bullet Chart”).
5. Click Add → The custom chart will appear in your Visualizations pane.
6. Use it just like any other chart — drag fields onto it and customize.

3.. Customizing Custom Charts

Once added to your report:

 Select the visual → Go to Format Visual Pane → Modify:

o Data colors
o Labels
o Title, background, borders
o Legends, tooltips
o Interactions with other visuals
Tip for Lab:
Always try different color themes and add tooltips for better readability and
storytelling.

4. Commonly Used Custom Charts

Custom
Use Case Description
Chart

Sankey Flow of sales between regions or Shows relationship paths between

Chart products categories.

Bullet Compares performance against

KPI comparison
Chart targets.

Chiclet Filter visuals with button-style

Adds interactivity.
Slicer slicers

Visualizes project progress and

Gantt timelines.
Project tracking
Chart

Example:
When analyzing Sales by Region, a Treemap or Sankey Chart might show
connections better than a simple bar chart.

[Link] Practical Task

Task Steps:

1. Open Power BI Desktop.

2. Load the Superstore Sales dataset.
3. From Marketplace, import the Bullet Chart and Sankey Chart.
4. Create:
o A Bullet Chart showing Sales vs Target by Region.
o A Sankey Chart showing Category → Subcategory → Sales Flow.
5. Format the visuals (titles, colors, borders).
6. Save your report as CustomCharts_Lab.pbix.