You will hear a number of different recordings and you will have to answer questions on what

you hear.
There will be time for you to read the instructions and questions and you will have a chance
to
check your work.
All the recordings will be played once only.
The test is in four parts.
Write all your answers in the listening question booklet.
At the end of the test, you will be given ten minutes to transfer your answers to an
answer sheet.
Now turn to part one on page two of your question booklet.
Part One
You will hear a woman asking a friend for advice about going to a music festival with
her children.
First you have some time to look at questions one to seven.
Now listen carefully and answer questions one to seven.
Thanks for meeting me Jamie.
I know you've been going to the Ironbridge Music Festival with your children for a few
years but I'm a bit worried about taking mine for all three days so before I book I
wanted to get some advice.
No problem.
What did you want to know?
Well is there any advice you can give me about planning for the trip?
Is there anything special I should pack?
Well for your children's clothes I think it's really important to take things that it's
not difficult to see from a distance.
You know like bright colours that will help tell them apart from other children.
Ah yes good tip.
And also remember that even though it's summer it can rain and if that happens shoes can
stay wet for ages so make sure you take some spare ones especially for the children.
How about the journey?
It's quite long right?
Yes it takes about six hours from where we live.
So I'll need to plan to make a picnic lunch to have on the way there.
Yeah that's what we always do.
Actually there's a really nice forest that's about halfway.
It gives the kids the chance to run around so we normally eat there.
Okay great.
But what about camping at the music festival?
Is it alright?
Yes it's very well organised.
There are a couple of fields that adjust for families so it's not too noisy.
Oh that's good.
And what about facilities?
Well there are loads of toilets nearby.
Great.
And how about getting all our stuff to where we'll camp?
Can cars go all the way there?
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I'm afraid not.
You have to leave them in a designated area and then carry everything yourselves.
It usually takes us a few trips but it's not that far to walk.
Okay I remember that from when I used to go to music festivals before I had children.
I also remember that it was easy to get lost.
Yes that's a real worry with kids.
I always make sure that they have my phone number on them.
Now don't laugh but I write it on their arm so that they can't lose it.
Brilliant idea.
Thanks.
I thought so too.
And what about food do you normally cook?
Nah.
There are so many good food stalls with food from all around the world.
Make sure you look out for the one that sells Indian dishes.
It's our favourite.
It's usually near the main entrance.
Okay great.
And how about drinking water?
Do you have to buy it or can we bring our own?
No.
There are drinking water taps all around the festival site.
So you just need a bottle.
That way you can easily refill it.
It'll save you money too.
Good to know.
Thanks.
Before you hear the rest of the conversation, you have some time to look at questions 8-13.
Now listen and answer questions 8-13.
So apart from the bands playing on the main stage, are there many things for children
to do?
I'm slightly worried that they'll get bored over the three days.
Don't worry.
There's loads of family activities.
One of our favourites last year was the drumming.
They had drums of all sizes so that both adults and children could have a go together.
Sounds good.
Are there multiple sessions?
There are three in a day.
I'd suggest going for the evening one.
There's something really powerful about drumming all together at that time of day.
Okay cool.
Is it just the one teacher?
Yes.
He's really good at getting everyone involved.
I can't remember his name now.
But he learned to play the drums when he was growing up in Zambia.
Sounds like a lot of fun.
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I also heard there's a circus too.
Is that right?
Yes, it's really popular.
But if you get there early, there are lots of things going on for kids before the show
starts, and they'll be able to chat to some of the performers.
Really?
My kids would love that.
They haven't been to the circus yet, but they love watching that kind of thing online.
So I suppose that takes place outside the circus tent, right?
Yes.
It's red and yellow.
You can't miss it.
Great.
And what about other events?
My children always wake up early, so it'd be good to do something with them then.
Well, there's yoga.
That's at seven o'clock each morning.
It's apparently really good, and both children and adults can take part.
I confess that it's a bit early for me, but my wife has been.
Just follow the arrows that will take you there.
It's right by the lake.
She said it's a really magical location.
Okay.
There's one other thing that's on.
That is the end of part one.
You now have one minute to check your answers to part one.
Part two.
You will hear the manager of Hilltown Museum talking to a group of people who were
interested
in volunteering.
First, you have some time to look at the first group of questions.
Now, listen carefully and answer the first group of questions.
Thank you all for coming along to this introductory evening for new volunteers at Hilltown
Museum.
We're very grateful that so many of you have decided to give up some of your free time
to volunteer at the museum.
First, let me explain why we currently need to expand our team of volunteers.
It's not so much that we're getting more visitors than we used to.
In fact, numbers have stayed fairly stable.
And we already have a good group of volunteers working with us.
No one's left that team for years.
But we urgently need more people because we plan to start laying on a bigger programme
of events for both adults and school kids.
Volunteers always say they love it here.
People generally like the idea of welcoming visitors from more corners of the globe.
But what seems to be valued more highly than anything else is the chance to work with a
small group of friendly people.
Of course, volunteering here means you also get to know more about the history of your
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local area.
And that's a plus for many people.
So the plan for this introductory evening is that I'll tell you a little about the
museum and then we'll watch a video of one of our volunteers talking about what it's
like to work here.
When you completed the registration form for this event, you were asked to write down
any questions you had, so I'll deal with all of those.
Then I'll take you on an extended guided tour of the building.
Okay?
The museum was founded nearly 200 years ago by Robert Brigham, whose family had
made their
fortune in this town.
He grew up here in what used to be his family home.
But when he moved to the countryside, instead of selling this house, he wanted to find a
useful purpose for it.
We know from his diaries he'd always enjoyed history at school, and that's what gave him
the idea for a museum.
He donated a lot of objects from his family home to get things started.
Robert Brigham was proud of his museum, and we are too.
Today we work very closely with colleagues in similar institutions in other countries,
and we take special pride in those connections.
If the museum was founded, it's grown enormously, and we're constantly acquiring new
exhibits
and devising new and exciting ways to display them.
We're always working on new projects to extend the scope of our work.
We've recently finished recording a video tour, which we've just uploaded to our website.
And last year we organised a wonderful project where we collected memories about life in
the past from local residents.
We're in the middle of getting together an exhibition relating to our town, showing
the way it's been depicted in a couple of famous novels.
It's proving a fascinating task.
It's a good idea to do some preparation at home before you start workers volunteer.
So what can you do after the session this evening to prepare for volunteering here?
I strongly recommend that you familiarise yourselves with all the stuff on the museum's
website.
And you can actually read it all in several different languages if you want to practise
your French, Spanish, Arabic, Russian or Mandarin skills at the same time.
We've got lots of fascinating information about all the exhibits, and we're hoping to
add a new section on local industry there at some stage.
Now listen and answer the second group of questions.
So what kinds of tasks do we need volunteers for?
Our permanent staff take on the role of tour guides, so you won't need to get involved
with that.
They're also in charge of dealing with queries at the information desk.
But volunteers are required to help with ticket sales.
Many of our volunteers have a background in the arts or education, and we encourage all
of you to share any thoughts you have on interesting things for our visitors to do.
Look in the cafe is actually organised by a separate company rather than us, so you
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wouldn't be working there.
The museum is divided into sections, and it'd be useful for you to find out as much as
possible
about these, particularly the parts that are most popular.
The room with musical instruments is my own particular favourite, but it's the one with
medical equipment that tends to attract most interest.
You'll find that next to the children's toy area.
The section that's second favourite with tourists is the room with dresses and other
clothing from the past.
We have one of the largest collections of pots and pans and other kitchen stuff, but that's
less of an attraction for some people.
I'm sure you'll enjoy volunteering here.
Apart from anything else, we offer you a number of benefits.
For example, any tea and coffee that you get from the cafeteria during your shift will
be free of charge.
You can join the popular local History Association at a reduced rate, and we also offer you a
substantial discount on our normal parking charges.
Members of your family will be welcome to visit our museum at no charge, and you'll be able
to get tickets for other museums in the town at a reduced price.
So, any questions?
That is the end of part two.
You now have 30 seconds to check your answers to part two.
Part three.
You will hear two architecture students called Yasmin and Ben talking about their project
on sustainable building.
First, you have some time to look at the first group of questions.
Now, listen carefully and answer the first group of questions.
Hi Yasmin, shall we talk through our project on sustainable building?
Great, I've really enjoyed learning about it, especially as I didn't know much before
starting the project.
I was keen to know more about renewable schemes for heating and cooling buildings, and
I've
learned so much.
Actually, I'd always been more interested in finding out about less conventional and more
sustainable materials, and also how buildings can be made to fit in with the surrounding
area which we've covered in depth.
I'd learned a bit about that in my work experience last year, but I wanted to study
environmentally friendly building components too, so I agree.
That's been really informative.
How influential do you think the regular Earth Day event has been?
Well, it's had a huge effect on attitudes to protecting the environment.
The first Earth Day was in 1970, and it originated in the USA, I read.
The effect of environmental contamination on public health had recently been brought
to people's attention in a book called Silent Spring.
The Earth Day event followed on from that, and prompted changes to several laws across
the globe, including some related to planning and construction.
20 years later, Earth Day went global, reaching about 140 countries, I think, and it's very
influential nowadays.
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Definitely, that power plant in Copenhagen in Denmark we read about was interesting.
Yes, I couldn't believe it has a ski slope on the roof and hiking trails across it.
At first, I wondered what the point of it was, but I suppose the multi-purpose aspect
is a key feature of sustainable buildings.
Right, and it's amazing what you can do there.
There's a climbing wall as well.
I do think it looks ugly, though, such a big and noticeable construction.
Well, I think it's better than most power plants.
Oh, we learned a lot from our research on that architecture firm, didn't we?
I wondered if they were really as green as they said they were, but their claims turned
out to be pretty accurate.
As far as we could tell, yes.
It's certainly good marketing for them to advertise their reputation as sustainable designers,
although I think there are other firms that probably do more to promote environmentally
friendly architecture.
Yes, being thought of as designing sustainable buildings must have won them plenty of
contracts.
Anyway, what did you think about the documentary we watched?
It was quite informative, wasn't it?
Mmm, those forecasts about the possible social and environmental effects of building by
2050
were quite shocking, although to be expected, I suppose.
And I didn't realise that people are indoors for about 90% of their lives.
That seems a lot.
That was news to me, too.
It also said that buildings are responsible for 40% of all carbon emissions, which was
about what I'd have guessed.
Right.
You read up about a library being built in South Africa, didn't you?
Was that interesting?
Yes, definitely.
The floors made entirely of stone found in the area, and it also incorporates local mud
and wood.
What I think is really unusual, though, is the way the buildings made up of eight domes,
which look like grain stores, to represent the shape of buildings in African agricultural
communities.
I love that aspect.
It's going to be open to the public soon, I think.
What did you think about the tiny homes idea?
I had no idea they were so small, so they really do help to reduce your carbon footprint.
Yes, interesting.
I like the way they use every part of each room, so beds and desks can be folded into
the wall, for example.
And I suppose they're cheaper in the long run than normal houses?
Yes, because heating and lighting bills are low, but the houses aren't actually as
cheap to buy as you might think.
I do think the multifunctional rooms are clever, though, and the designs are really cool.
Before you hear the rest of the discussion, you have some time to look at the second group
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of questions.
Now, listen and answer the second group of questions.
OK, Ben, I've got a list of different buildings that we studied, and I just want to make
a note of which sustainable features we were impressed by in each of them.
Good idea.
So, how about the peace building in Malaysia?
Was that the one that was entirely built with bricks that had been recovered from another
building?
I think it's the one with greenery all over the walls of the building, and plants to attract
bees and butterflies on the roof, too.
Remember?
Oh, yes.
It promotes biodiversity and also helps to control the temperature of the building.
I love that.
I remember reading about Ingle Towers in the Netherlands.
Yes, it's tall and slim with glass exteriors, which means it gets a lot of daylight, and
that reduces energy consumption during winter.
Very clever.
How about the WNT block in Mexico?
We should mention that one because it has an unusual layout, which means people who
live there are protected from the sun, and it doesn't need air conditioning.
Yes, that's an interesting design feature.
I've got the polo on my list, which is in Italy.
It has solar panels and wind turbines on the roof, which keep the building running.
Right.
And I think that works so well that it actually powers other local buildings as well.
Exactly.
What about Simpson galleries in Zimbabwe?
That uses recycled water in the heating system.
Yes, and incredibly, it's designed to still be standing in 500 years apparently.
That is incredible.
The last building on my list is one pebble square in the US.
I want to include this one because everyone living there has the same app which helps
them to save money.
Yes, by monitoring their own heating and lighting remotely, and using the minimum
necessary,
really clever.
It's a great idea.
OK, I think that's it.
So...
That is the end of part three.
You now have 30 seconds to check your answers to part three.
Part four.
You will hear a lecturer talking to a group of agriculture students about a new method
of growing crops.
First, you have some time to look at all of the questions.
Thank you.
Thank you.
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Thank you.
Thank you.
Thank you.
Thank you.
Thank you.
Thank you.
Thank you.
Thank you.
Thank you.
Thank you.
Thank you.
Thank you.
Thank you.
Thank you.
Thank you.
Thank you.
Thank you.
Thank you.
Thank you.
Thank you.
Thank you.
Thank you.
Thank you.
Thank you.
Thank you.
Thank you.
Now listen carefully and answer all of the questions.
So, in this final lecture on contemporary agricultural issues, I'd like to look at an
idea that might solve many of the problems that we face today.
First, let's recap on some of the dilemmas that farmers, that governments must deal with.
OK.
So, the global population is rapidly expanding and there's insufficient space to grow the
crops to feed all the people that will be around in, say, 2050.
That's frightening enough.
But then there's a problem of pollution.
As you know, 70% of the world's fresh water is used up for irrigation and as a result
of contamination with pesticides and silt, it just becomes too polluted.
Then there's the fact that in order to mechanically harvest plants and export them
by road or air, farming relies on huge quantities of oil.
Well, this resource will eventually run out and many people would say we can't afford
to ignore that.
Then you will undoubtedly have noticed the continual rise and fall in the cost of food
in the last decade.
And of course, that's linked to the same resource.
And finally, we know that our ecosystem has been severely affected by the great quantity
of chemical fertilisers we've pumped and sprayed onto it.
This approach to farming is clearly unsustainable.
OK.
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So it's pretty clear what my views on traditional farming methods are.
However, is there a convincing alternative?
Well, the proposal I mentioned earlier is referred to as vertical farming.
Sounds intriguing, doesn't it?
Well, what it means is simply that rather than growing crops in a field, we grow them
in layers, one level of crops above another in a multi-story building, a tower full of
plants.
In places like Arizona, Denmark and Germany, we've already seen indoor farming
techniques
work.
For example, aeroponics and hydroponics, both of which ensure that crops get exactly what
they need.
For a start, nutrients.
The crops get exactly the right quantity and mix.
It doesn't matter where these farms are situated, they're indoor, so external factors such
as temperature and rainfall are irrelevant.
So yes, the same applies to climatic disasters, even if they occur, they won't destroy the
crops, so things like drought or floods have no impact on harvests.
What other advantages are there?
Well, right now, governments and farmers are spending a fortune on pesticides.
But if your crops are inside, the likelihood of them getting a disease is minimized.
Lastly, there's a lot of recycling going on in this kind of farm, so another great advantage
is that with this type of farming, we can minimize the amount of waste being generated.
Of course, as with any new idea, there are criticisms and concerns.
However, one thing that critics like to point out is the high cost of land in the city and
say that it won't be economically viable for farms like this.
But think about it, in a vertical farm crops can be produced constantly.
For example, lettuce can be harvested in four weeks, corn every four months.
The turnover for continual production would not be insignificant.
A reliable supply of energy is another concern.
Advocates of vertical farming believe that solar energy is the key, but critics doubt
whether we can depend on this.
Lastly, critics worry that there might be construction problems with vertical farms.
For example, they think that structural damage will soon occur due to the levels of humidity.
So let's look at the response from supporters.
Check your answers to part four.
That is the end of the listening test.
You now have 10 minutes to transfer your answers to the listening answer sheet.
You have two minutes left.
You have one minute left.
Please stop writing and wait for your question booklet to be collected.

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