YOUTH AND CULTURE
Lecture 2
Intergenerational Communication
KEY TERMS IN LECTURE 2
• Primary Socialization
• Parenting
• Secondary Socialization
SOCIALIZATION
Part 1
Socialization (社會化)
for Communication
WHAT IS SOCIALIZATION?
▪ Socialization is a life-long process of learning that
human beings undergo to be human beings.
▪ It involves Primary Socialization and Secondary 00:00-02:46
08:30-09:03
Socialization.
[Link]
WHAT IS SOCIALIZATION?
• Culture is learned, through family, school life and
mass media.
• We are ‘taught’ to behave in an “appropriate” way.
QUESTIONS TO CONSIDER
1. How did you feel and think after watching the video clip? What was your
"dream” in your childhood?
2. Why did you have such concept of “desirable” jobs and “undesirable”
jobs? Where were those concepts from?
3. What are your own dream, hope and worry now?
WHAT IS SOCIALIZATION?
• Socialization is about informal teaching and
learning.
e.g. queuing to get on the bus. People jumping
the queue will be socially criticized and
embarrassed by others
➔We usually look around at what others are
doing, and others make comments which
indicate whether or not they approve.
PRIMARY SOCIALIZATION
Part 2
Primary
socialization: Any interesting family rules of your family that you may share
with us?
Family
PRIMARY SOCIALIZATION
▪ Primary socialization is also named
enculturation. Primary socialization is
a process a child goes through in the
earliest stages of becoming a member
of his or her “culture” or society.
The learning generally takes place
within the family and among close
intimates.
IN-CLASS DISCUSSION: AH YING (1983)
Plot Summary
‘When romance starts to cool, Ah Ying applies for a job in a film centre. Instead of paying
her for her work, the centre lets her attend its classes for free. She is later drawn into a
relationship with her teacher. Based on the life of its leading actress, Hui So Ying, and
using non-professionals, the film is a realistic portrayal of contemporary Hong Kong life.’
[Link]
IN-CLASS DISCUSSION: AH YING (1983)
Questions to consider
1. How did the parents describe ‘Ah Ying’ in the first scene? What did she contribute to the
family?
→ How would you describe the living environment and condition of the family of ‘Ah Ying’?
2. What happened in the second scene? Identify the family issue.
➔How do you describe the family relationship as represented in this scene.
3. What happened in the third scene? Why did ‘Ah Ying’ feel angry? 56:47-59:55
01:06:38-01:10:58
01:42:21-01:44:47
[Link]
IN-CLASS DISCUSSION: AH YING (1983)
Follow-up questions
1. What was the conception of being a good boy or girl in a family? Is this concept still
valid nowadays? Why and why not. Give me some concrete examples.
2. Identify some similarities and differences between Ah Ying’s family as represented in
the movie, and the family in the community nowadays.
➔ What’s changed? What remains unchanged?
56:47-59:55
01:06:38-01:10:58
01:42:21-01:44:47
[Link]
PRIMARY SOCIALIZATION IN
CHINESE SOCIETIES
A family teaches our children the first lessons in
• Social obligation between man and man.
• The necessity of mutual adjustment, self-control, courtesy
• A sense of duty, which is very well defined.
• A sense of obligation and gratitude towards, and respect for
elders.
PRIMARY SOCIALIZATION IN
CHINESE SOCIETIES
▪ In the family context, sovereign father were obligated (有
責任義務的) to be strict disciplinarians. (執行紀律者)
▪ Disorder (亂) was an evil to be avoided in Chinese
society.
WESTERN HUMANISM
▪ It sees man as a social animal,
an individual entity with
reason, emotion, volition,
love, friendship, equality,
dignity, human rights, who is
responsible for their own
destiny.
[Link]
[Link]
information/screenplays/callmebyyourname_screenplay-[Link]
WESTERN HUMANISM
Questions to consider
1. How do you describe the intergenerational relationship between
the dad and son in this scene of the selected movie (Call Me by
Your Name)?
2. How would you describe the parenting style in your own family?
Share some examples if possible.
SECONDARY SOCIALIZATION
Part 3
Secondary
Socialization:
School
SECONDARY SOCIALIZATION
▪ Secondary socialization refers to the processes that the child goes to school and
begins to interact with other, non-familial children.
▪ While education remains the best term for the formal processes of school
learning – curriculum, socialization also refers to those informal processes
of learning, such as peer influence and social interaction and
participation.
DISTINCTIONS BETWEEN
SOCIALIZATION AND EDUCATION
Education Socialization
• Periodic or formally • Continuous, the
structured, focuses learning is not
on the entrance or immediately
admission testable or visible
procedures and sometimes, but life-
requirement as well long and profoundly
as exit influential in life.
requirements and
ceremonies.
SECONDARY SOCIALIZATION
Peer influence
• Peer networks are central to the ways in which young people’s social horizons
are opened up, exposing them to alternative views, values and expectations.
• Friendship groups are also central to identity, impact on behavior,
provide crucial psychological support and represent a means through which
people express their personality. (Pahl, 2000)
>>> Furlong, A, Youth Studies : An Introduction. pp. 102-107
SECONDARY SOCIALIZATION
Peer influence
• Young people’s friendship networks and patterns of sociability have been changing
significantly as a result of a process of individualization and new frameworks
that shape youth transitions.
➔ In practice, young people tend to develop relationships with people who share
a common socio-economic and ethnic background, who hold similar values
and beliefs and are educated to a similar level (Michael et al., 1995).
>>> Furlong, A, Youth Studies : An Introduction. pp. 102-107
VIDEO SHARING:
WAITING TO DROWN (2011)
Plot Summary
‘Chak, a sentimental boy who enjoys indulging in his imaginary world. Ellen, a girl who likes to talk to her
soft toys.
When Ellen vanished into thin air, feeling heart broken, her secret admirer Chak decided to totally forget
about her and fall in love with Yan. In front of Yan's house, Chak asked her frantically, if she would go on a
one day date with him. Out of Chak's expectation, Yan agreed.
But Chak slowly realized that his dream should be Ellen, the girl who has vivid imagination as he does. Yet,
what Chak has to face is the brutal reality...’
ALERT: This video contains some scenes with obscene
[Link]
gestures and offensive words.
VIDEO SHARING:
WAITING TO DROWN (2011)
Questions to consider
1. As represented in the video clip, was appearance important to teenagers? Why or
why not? What were the common values/beliefs shared by Chak and his friends?
2. How would you describe the relationship between the main actor, Chak, and his
classmates?
3. What were the dreams, hopes and worries of teenagers? How did these factors affect
the growth of them?
00:00-05:30
10:03-13:13 [Link]
19:49-24:50
VIDEO SHARING:
WAITING TO DROWN (2011)
Follow-up questions
• Compare with the peer relationship in school nowadays, suggest some similarities and
differences.
→ What’s changed? What remains unchanged?
SUMMARY
• We need to understand how the
THREE major social institutions,
Mass
Family, School, Mass Media may have Family
Media
impact on the growth of youth.
• Through this, we try to identify and Youth
explore the opportunities and
challenges of intergenerational
communication in the modern society
that we’re living in.
School